Download - “The Thirst is Real” Depressants
“The Thirst is Real”Depressants
Option D: Medicine & DrugsAshley Hinds
Juan PenarandaStephanie Weng
Davis BangRachel Bennett
DeathComaGeneral AnesthesiaHypnosisSedationDisinhibitionRelief of AnxietyNormal
Increasing Dose
Effects of Alcohol Consumption
Guess that Depressant!
D.4.1 The Effects of DepressantsA depressant is any chemical substance that
inhibits the nervous system from functioningThe short-term effects of depressants: loss of
inhibition, a sense of euphoria, difficulties concentrating, impaired motor functioning, slurred speech.
Long-term effects: addiction, heart problems, reduced organ functioning, death
D.4.1 The Effects of DepressantsDepressants slow the function of the central
nervous system, which results in impaired cognitive and physical functioning
An individual who is dependent on alcohol or other depressants usually experiences severe withdrawal symptoms: tremors, dehydration, pain, chronic insomnia
Years of depressant abuse can permanent damage the liver, heart, brain, and other internal organs.
D.4.2 Social & Physiological Effects of the Use & Abuse of Ethanol
Social Effects:Pregnant women who drink
alcohol will increase the chance of giving birth to an infant with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Parental alcoholism can cause children to suffer with low self-esteem, loneliness, guilt, and chronic depression
Almost 30 % of father-daughter incest cases and 75 % of domestic violence abuse involves a family member who is an alcoholic
Physiological Effects:Alcoholism is a disease
which involves a psychological addiction characterized by the inability to control intake
Alcohol abuse involves a pattern of drinking associated w/ failure to fulfill obligations (work, school, or home), drinking while driving, physically harming someone, or on-going problems in relationships.
D.4.2 (continued) Alcohol Abuse Cost to Society
Health-related costs include expenditures on medical treatment, loss of productivity in workers, and losses to society due to premature death
The cost to society of alcohol abuse was $70.3 billion in 1985 and $85.9 billion in 1988.
It was an estimated $89 billion in 1980 and $116 billion in 1983.
D.4.3This is Juan’s portion along with the
homework sheet.I am currently at App for a TSA competition.Richard Thornley will explain the different
ways ethanol can be detected from the body with the help of YouTube.
He specifies on what IB wants you to know.
D.4.3 Techniques for Detection of Ethanol in Breath, Blood, & Urine
Detection of Ethanol in BreathBlood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)-mass
grams of ethanol per 100 cm3 of blood Ethanol can be detected by breathalyzer testOxidation ethanol to ethanoic acid where
acidified K2Cr2O7 (potassium dichromate) is the oxidizing agent
The orange Cr(VI) is reduced to green Cr(III) Transfer of electrons produces current
voltage is measured
D.4.3 Techniques for Detection of Ethanol in Breath, Blood, & UrineDetection of Ethanol in
Blood &Urine:Small samples of ethanol
can be separated from samples of blood and urine using Gas Liquid Chromatography
Inert gas through liquid or solid
Compounds separated by b.p.
Different retention times are recorded
Amount of ethanol = area under peak
D.4.4 Describe the Synergistic Effects of Ethanol with other Drugs
Drug Interactions with Alcohol
Marijuana -Intensifies the sedative effect and increases the level of intoxication of both drugs.
Cocaine -Alcohol increases blood pressure and weakens portions of the heart wall, making client more susceptible to overdose.
Hallucinogens -Unknown.
Sedatives & Tranquilizers
-Depresses cardiac and pulmonary functions; severe drowsiness; possible coma or fatal respiratory depression
Antidepressants -Severe drowsiness, sedative effect increase-A monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), can cause a dangerous spike in blood pressure, leading to a stroke.
Opiates -Enhances sedative effect of both, increasing the risk of overdose.
Antibiotics -Most antibiotics are less effective when taken with alcohol, may intensify nausea.
Antihistamines -Severe drowsiness.
Aspirin & Ibuprofen -Increases the risk for gastrointestinal bleeding.
Antidiabetic/Hypoglycemic -Alcohol may cause hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes.
D.4.5 Identify Commonly used Depressants & Describe their StructuresValium (Diazepam)Diazepam is used to
treat anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, muscle spasms, irritable bowel syndrome, and panic attacks.
Contains a phenyl group (C6H5) w/ a fused benzene ring with Cl & 7 membered heterocyclic ring with 2 nitrogen atoms
D.4.5 Identify Commonly used Depressants & Describe their StructuresMogadon
(nitrazepam) is a type of synthetic drug called benzodiazepines
Nitrazepam is used for the short-term treatment of severe insomnia.
Contains a phenyl group (C6H5) w/ a fused benzene ring with NO2 & 7 membered heterocyclic ring with 2 nitrogen atoms; the secondary nitrogen is an amine.
D.4.5 Identify Commonly used Depressants & Describe their StructuresProzac (fluoxetine hydrochloride)Used to treat mental depression such as obsessive-
compulsive disorder (OCD), bulimia nervosa, panic disorder by increasing serotonin levels
Prozac contains the amine group that can react with HCL to produce fluoxetine hydrochloride which is water soluble