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The Social and Cognitive Experiences of Child
Technology Design Partners
Mona Leigh GuhaMay 26, 2011
HCIL Symposium and Open HouseUniversity of Maryland
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Cooperative Inquiry (“Kidsteam”)(Druin 1999; 2002)
Video from Edutopia Method of design partnering with children to
create technology for children High ratio of adults to children Collaborative work; multiple techniques
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The Study
What are children’s cognitive and
social experiences during Cooperative
Inquiry?
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Method
Case Study/Participant Observation Observational Notes Photos Videos
Artifact Analysis Photos of artifacts
Interviews Eight children Seven parent(s)
Analysis Method Qualitative Emergent coding using Nvivo Member checks
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* Participants Name M/
FAge Grade New School
Abby F 8-9 3rd Public
Barrett M 9-10 4th New Public
Cameron F 7-8 2nd New Private
Dakota F 9-10 3rd Private
Nikita F 8-9 3rd New Public
Sebastian M 10-11 5th New Private
Shawn M 10-11 5th Private
Tabitha F 8-9 4th Private
* Names of participants have been changed to ensure confidentiality
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Framework
Communication
Collaboration
Skills
Content
Relationships
Enjoyment
Confidence
Social Cognitive
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Examining the Framework:Social - Relationships
With adults
With peers
“…the strength of it is about having the kids be able to create and think and share their ideas with academia….people who are you know, experts in their fields – if it’s computers; if it’s psychology; if it’s education if it’s park and plant – whatever their expertise is…” – Carole (Tabitha’s mother)
“I like being able to work with my friends” – Shawn
Social
Cognitive Cognitive
Social &
Cognitive
“Don’t like not being paired with friends all the time” - Barrett
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Examining the Framework: Social – Confidence
Technology confidence Outgoing behavior Empowerment
Social
Cognitive Cognitive
Social &
Cognitive
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Examining the Framework: Social - Enjoyment
Humor Engagement Gifts
“It’s fun to know that you’re designing things that will help other people.”
-Barrett
Social
Cognitive Cognitive
Social &
Cognitive
“Sometimes it can make me feel frustrated...maybe you will have an idea and your partner doesn’t agree.” - Shawn
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Examining the Framework: Cognitive - Skills
Reading Problem solving
Inquiring Brainstorming Creativity Critiquing Being challenged Being focused
Application
Social
Cognitive Cognitive
Social &
Cognitive
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Examining the Framework: Cognitive - Content
Technology Disciplinary
Subject Process as
content
Social
Cognitive Cognitive
Social &
Cognitive
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Examining the Framework: Social and Cognitive - Communication Visual Textual Verbal
Social
Cognitive Cognitive
Social &
Cognitive
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Examining the Framework: Social and Cognitive - Collaboration
Elaboration Configurations With adults Differing ages Gender
Social
Cognitive Cognitive
Social &
Cognitive
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So What?
Educators Curriculum: magnet, charter, and public schools Extra curricular Special education
Designers Choosing design partnering
Researchers Formal study on experiences of design partners Provides basis for future studies
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Thank You!
Adult and child design partnersQuestions?
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Extra Slide One
Textual Communication Inquiry
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Framework (Extra Two)
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Extra three
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Extra Four
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Extra Five
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Extra Six
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Extra Six
Cognitive
CommunicationCollaboration
RelationshipsEnjoymentConfidence
Social
SkillsContent
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Extra Seven
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Research Questions
What are children’s experiences in the context of an intergenerational Cooperative Inquiry technology design process? What are children’s cognitive experiences in
the context of an intergenerational Cooperative Inquiry technology design process?
What are children’s social experiences in the context of an intergenerational Cooperative Inquiry technology design process?
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Related Literature: Technology Design Processes with Children Many researchers study technology design processes
which include children Many researchers conjecture on effects of design process
participation on children No targeted study has been undertaken to determine
these effects
Distribution of types of articles
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Technologyonly
Mostlytechnology
Both tech andprocess
Mostlyprocess
Process only
Nu
mb
er
of
art
icle
s
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Related Literature: Technology Design Processes with Children
Distribution of types of articles
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Technologyonly
Mostlytechnology
Both tech andprocess
Mostlyprocess
Process only
Nu
mb
er
of
art
icle
s
Although many researchers have studied technology design processes with children, no targeted study has been undertaken to determine the experiences of the
children who participate in the design processes
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Role of the Researcher
Former classroom teacher with a background in child development and special education
PLUS
Participant in and researcher of Cooperative Inquiry technology design process
EQUALS
Desire to understand the experiences of children involved in technology design
processes
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About the Research
Video of a technology design team session (produced by Edutopia, a project of the George Lucas Educational Foundation collecting stories about what works in education)
What are children’s experiences in the context of an intergenerational Cooperative Inquiry technology design process? Cognitive Social
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Vygotskian Lens of Analysis
Vygotsky’s theory employed to analyze the social and cognitive domains Cognition as a collaborative process Studying process in context Cultural tool use Zone of proximal development Speech, signs, and concepts
(John-Steiner and Souberman, 1978; Kozulin 1986; Rogoff 1998, Vygotsky, 1978 & 1986)
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Data Analysis
Type of data
Set 1 Set 2 Set 3
Interviews 1st 4th 7th
Participant Observation
2nd 5th 8th
Artifact Analysis
3rd 6th 9th
NVivo Coding
Continual Inductive Emergent Iterative
Units of analysis Individual Dyad Small group (3 -6
members) Large group (whole
team) Member checks
(LeCompte and Preissle, 1993; Marshall and Rossman, 1999; Stake, 1995)
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Limitations – Nature of Approach
Generalizability Descriptive
Participant self-selection Participant retention
Participant observation Researcher lens
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Future Work
Same research questions in different context, such as other methods of technology design with children
Units of analysis and their makeup Specific constructs Demographics: gender, ethnicity, etc. Past design partners Adults involved in technology design
processes