Download - The SemanticGov Project semantic-gov
Copyright 2005 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved.
www.deri.org
The SemanticGov Project www.semantic-gov.org
An EU Perspective: Providing Integrated Public Services to Citizens at the National and Pan-
European level with the use of Emerging Semantic Web Technologies
Vassillios [email protected]
Fifth Semantic Interoperability for E-Government Conference, October 10-11, 2006
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Overview
I. Introduction
II. Modeling the government domain
III. Implementations - Pilots
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I. Introduction
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Purpose of the SemanticGov project
• To combine PA domain modelling with Semantic Web Service technologies (namely WSMO-WSML-WSMX) in order to create a Semantic Web Service enabled Public Service execution environment (namely WSMO-PA)
• To check the applicability of this execution environment in National and Pan-European Public Services
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SemanticGov: Providing Integrated Public Services to Citizens at the National and Pan-European level with the use of Emerging Semantic Web Technologies.
SemanticGov aims at building the infrastructure (software, models, services, etc) necessary for enabling the offering of semantic web services by public administration (PA). Through this cutting edge infrastructure, SemanticGov will address longstanding challenges faced by public administrations such as achieving interoperability amongst PA agencies both within a country as well as amongst countries, easing the discovery of PA services by its customers, facilitating the execution of complex services often involving multiple PA agencies in interworkflows. More importantly, this infrastructure will exploit SemanticGov as an enabler for total reengineering of PA service provision and propose a paradigm shift of today’s modus operandi.
SemanticGov Project FP6-2004-IST-4-027517 is funded by the European Commission within the INFORMATION SOCIETY TECHNOLOGIES (IST) Programme.
Participants ListCentre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH) Coordinator GreeceNational University of Ireland – Digital Enterprise Research Institute (NUIG) Partner IrelandLeopold-Brazens University of Innsbruck (LFUI) Partner AustriaUniversity of Rome “La Sapienza”/DIS (UOR) Partner ItalyCAPGEMINI Partner The NetherlandsSOFTWARE AG Partner GermanyOntotext (ONTO) Partner BulgariaALTEC (ALTEC) Partner GreeceGreek Ministry of the Interior, Public Administration, and Decentralization (MOI) Partner GreeceRegion of Central Macedonia (RCM) Partner GreeceCity of Torino (Citta Di Torino) Partner Italy
Starting date: January 1st, 2006Duration: 36 monthsTotal Budget: 4,375,000.00 €EU Funding: 2,720,000.00 €
www.semantic-gov.org
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Why Semantic Web Services in eGov?
Semantic Web Services eGovernment
Discovery•Need2Service Converter
Invocation PA specific distributed workflows:
• 1st Workflow: Gathering the service evidences
• 2nd Workflow: Service Execution - Collaboration with third parties
• 3rd Workflow: Consequence propagation
Composition
Execution
Monitoring • Enhancing Administrative Transparency
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II. Modeling the government domain
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Why Domain Models?
Domain Models
Domain Models
SOAsSOAs
Sem
anti
c W
ebS
eman
tic
Web
Semantic Web ServicesSemantic Web Services
MD
DM
DD
“…the third basic component of the Semantic Web, (is) collections of information called ontologies”
(T. B. Lee, J. Hadler, O.Lassila, The Semantic Web, Scientific America)
“SWSO is a core service ontology and is domain-independent. However, it is often necessary to represent domain-specific ontologies.”(SWSO specifications)
Model-driven development … represents a business-driven approach to software systems development that starts with a computation independent model (CIM) describing the business context and business requirements.”
(ATHENA NoE - Specification of a Basic Architecture Reference Model)
The more behavior you find in the services, the more likely you are to be robbing yourself of the benefits of a domain model. If all your logic is in services, you've robbed yourself blind.
(Martin Fowler)
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Initiatives to model the PA domain
Initiative PA Relevance
Depth Domain Perspective View
1 The three spheres in eGovernance
High Low Support Operation (O), Policy (P), Service Provision (S)
Conceptual Holistic
2 Gartner Government Performance Framework
High Medium-Low
O, P, S Conceptual Holistic
3 Faceted Classification of PA High Medium-Low
O, S Conceptual Holistic
4 SAP Public Sector Solution Map Medium Medium-Low
O Conceptual Process
5 Government Process Classification Framework
High High O, P Conceptual Process
6 ONTOGOV Medium Medium S Technical Holistic
7 UK GCIM High Low S Conceptual Object
8 WebDG Ontologies Low Medium-High
S Technical Holistic
9 DIP eGovernment Ontology Low High O, S Conceptual Object
10 USA FEA Business Reference Model
High Medium-High
O, S Conceptual Process
11 USA FEA other models Low Medium-High
O, S Technical Holistic
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II. Modeling the government domainGEA = Governance Enterprise Architecture
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Governance Enterprise Architecture (GEA)
What is GEA• GEA is a generic top-level Enterprise Architecture for the
overall governance system
• From a MDD perspective, GEA is a Computation Independent Model (CIM) for the Public Administration domain
• GEA providesDomain Description Service Description
GEA provides a reusable top-level domain description, focusing on the HOW and WHAT columns of the Zachman Framework
GEA provides a reference PA service description
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GEA – Zachman Framework
GEA Core
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GEA foundations
• Enterprise Architecture
– Primarily Object (WHAT), Process (HOW) view
• Public Administration Theory
– For defining domain concepts
• Speech Act Theory
– Modeling the society-PA interaction as a discourse
– Identifying the Informative-Performative parts of service provision
– Types of Speech Acts - Types of PA services
– Types of Speech Acts - Types of IS interoperability
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An example of SAT concepts in GEA
Determining classes of administrative acts
Declarations attempt to change the world
Assertives, statements that may be judged true or false because they aim to describe a state of affairs in the world.
Directives, attempts by the speaker to get the addressee to do something.
Commisives commit the speaker to some future course of action.
Expressives express a psychological state
Declarative
Assertive
Directive
- Optative Grant for a third child
- Imperative Smoking is prohibited
PA informs and certifies the existence and the truth of certain world states I certify you are Greek
PA changes the world I declare you married
PA directs society to certain states
Types of Speech ActsCore Functions
of Public Administration
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GEA Overview
Governance System
Political SystemPolitical SystemAdministrative SystemAdministrative System
SocietySociety
Dialogue
Service Provision
Public Policy Formulation
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Formulate Public Policy Area Provide Service Area
OBJECTS
AREA
PROCESSES
AREA
Formulate Public Policy Objects area
Formulate Public Policy Processes area
Provide Service Objects area
Provide Service Processes area
The GEA Framework
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PUBLIC SERVICE OUTCOME
SERVICE PROVIDERSOCIETAL ENTITY
produces
receives provides
LAW
is governed by
OUTPUT CONSEQUENCEEFFECT
has type
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ENTITY
ROLE
has
SERVICE COLLABORATOR
EVIDENCE PROVIDER
CONCEQUENCE RECEIVER
participates in
PIECE OF EVIDENCE
PRECONDITION
EVIDENCE PLACEHOLDER
PURPOSE OF EVIDENCE
contains
validates
has
sets
uses
receives
INPUT
OTHER INPUT
PA Service Model
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WSMO-WSML-WSMX
• Web Service Modelling…• … Ontology -> WSMO
- Conceptual model for SWS: goal, ontologies, mediators, services
• … Language -> WSML Ontology Language for SWS WSML Variants: WSML Core, WSML DL, WSML Rule, WSML Full
• … Execution Environment and Architecture -> WSMX Middle-ware platform for SWS
www.wsmo.org
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WSMO Service Model
PA Service Model
WSMO-PA
Mapping GEA to WSMO
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Mapping GEA to WSMO
• WSMO-PA Model Direct Mapping– WSMO Goal to GEA Goal– WSMO Service to GEA Service
• WSMO Precondition to GEA Precondition/Evidence• WSMO Postcondition to GEA Output/Consequence• WSMO Effect to GEA Effect• WSMO Assumption to GEA Evidence
• WSMO-PA Model Partial Mapping• WSMO Model
• GEA-PA Model– Actors– Needs– Consequence– Law
• WSMO Model– Shared Variables– Mediator– Ontology
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WSML
Shared Variables
Mediators
WSMO-PA
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Effect
Service Provider
Evidence
GEA Interface
WSMO-PA
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II. Modeling the government domainPan-European Public Services
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Motivation
The European Single Market
The European Citizenship
Pan-European Public Services (PEPS) are public services that may involve
• actors, and/or
• information and/or
• other services
from at least two Member States irrespective of the technology used.
IDABC Programme
Interoperable Delivery of European eGovernment Services to public Administrations, Business and Citizens
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Pan-European Public Services
• a typology of Pan-European Public Services
• a typology of semantic conflicts in a cross-border environment
SemanticGov proposes:
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A typology of Pan-European Public Services
• A client from Member State 1 executes a Service provided by a PA agency of Member State 2
• The Input/Output of a Service executed in Member State 1 comes from/will be sent to Member State 2
• PA agencies from different Member States participate in a common workflow
• The Consequences of a PEPS executed in Member State 1 should be communicated to Member State 2
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Types of Semantic Interoperability Conflicts in Pan-European Public Service provision
Conflict Type Country A Description Country B
Data level
Data-value
Evidence APrecondition AEffect AConsequence A
Different meaningDifferent meaningIs not applicable or validIs not applicable or valid
Evidence A’Precondition A’Effect A’Consequence A’
Data representation Evidence value A Different format Evidence value A’
Data Units Evidence value A Expressed in different units Evidence value A’
Data precision Evidence value A Expressed in different values scale/grade Evidence value A’
Granularity
Object Property
Evidence A Conflicts of any type Evidence A’
ObjectEvidence Placeholder A
Conflicts of any type Evidence Placeholder A’
Schema Level
Naming
Service Provider AEvidence Placeholder A
Similar names/different services Or different names/similar servicesSimilar names/different usage Or different names/similar evidence
Service Provider A’Evidence Placeholder A’
Entity Identifier Client A Identified differently Client A’
Schema-isomorphismEvidence Placeholder A
Contain different set of evidence Evidence Placeholder A’
Generalization
Evidence Placeholder AClient AService Provider A
EP1 in one country = EP1+EP2 in anotherDifferent categorizations/groupsDifferent administrative and organizational structures
Evidence Placeholder A1’+A2’Client A’Service Provider A’
AggregationEvidence Placeholder A
Evidences aggregated differently Evidence Placeholder A’
Schematic discrepanciesEvidence Placeholder A
Similar evidences different names Evidence Placeholder A’
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III. Implementations - Pilots
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Cases Presentation
• Service Composition
• Need2Services
• Data Mediation
• SemanticGov - SWS Architecture
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Service Composition
The evidence gathering workflow in PA services
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Service CompositionMatching the Evidence Placeholder with the Service Output
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Service CompositionWorkflow automatic composition
Enhanced UDDI registry implemented with the t-models mechanism (e.g. Paolucci).
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Discovering Services
N2S Converter
NeedsServices
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
Needs-aware
Service unaware
Service-aware
Needs unaware
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Discovering Services
PREFIX gea: < http://localhost/GEA.owl #> PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>SELECT ?Service WHERE { ?Service rdf:type gea:GEA_Public_Service. ?Service gea:hasPADomain gea:Transportation. ?Service gea:hasEffectType gea: PromoteSocialWelfare.?Service gea:hasAdministrationLevel gea: Municipality_Level.?Service gea:hasClientType gea: Citizen.}
Services in the GEA ontology
SPARQL query for matching public services to properties
Matching Clients’ Profile-to-Services
The GEA ontology
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Semantics Based Data MediationIdentifying equivalence amongst evidences for cross-country service provision
ID Card Number
Identification of a person
ID Card
SSN
Identification of a person
SSN certification
Country X
Country Z
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Semantics Based Data Mediation
Identifying equivalence amongst evidences for cross-country service provision
<ruleml:imp><ruleml:_rlab ruleml:href="#TranslateCitizenIdentificationID"/><ruleml:_head>
<swrlx:datavaluedProperyAtom swrlx:property="http://research.altec.gr/OnarServer/Καταστατικο.owl#Αρ_Ταυτοτητας">
<ruleml:var>CitizenIdentificationID</ruleml:var></swrlx:datavaluedProperyAtom><swrlx:datavaluedProperyAtom
swrlx:property="http://research.altec.gr/OnarServer/Statuto.owl#Num_di_Passaporto"><ruleml:var>CitizenIdentificationID</ruleml:var>
</swrlx:datavaluedProperyAtom></ruleml:_head>
</ruleml:imp>
SWRL code for matching the Greek ID Card number to the Italian Passport Number
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SemanticGov top-level Architecture
From Vitvar T., Kerrigan M., Overeem v. A., Peristeras V. and Tarabanis K.: Infrastructure for the Semantic Pan-European E-government Services, Proceedings of the 2006 AAAI Spring Symposium on The Semantic Web meets eGovernment (SWEG), Mar. 27-29, 2006, Stanford University, CA
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Relevant Literature
• GEA related– Peristeras V., Tarabanis K., Reengineering the public administration modus operandi through the use of reference domain models and Semantic
Web Service technologies, Proceedings of the 2006 AAAI Spring Symposium on The Semantic Web meets eGovernment (SWEG), Mar. 27-29, 2006, Stanford University, California, USA
– Peristeras V., Tarabanis K., Providing pan-European e-government services with the use of semantic web services technologies: a generic process model in R. Traunmüller (Ed.): Electronic Government, 4th EGOV International Conference, DEXA 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark, 22 – 25 Αug. 2005, Proceedings: Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 3591 Springer 2005, pp. 226-236
– Peristeras V., Tarabanis K., Governance Enterprise Architecture (GEA): Domain Models for e-Governance, 6th ACM International Conference on Electronic Commerce (ICEC’04), Delft, The Netherlands, 25-27 October 2004
• PEGS related– Peristeras V., Loutas N,. Tarabanis K., Semantic Interoperability in Pan-European Public Services, 40th HICSS, 4-10 Jan. 2007, Hawaii – Peristeras V., Tarabanis K., Knowledge Management Requirements for Pan-European Public Administration Service Delivery, in Maria A.
Wimmer (Ed.) Knowledge Management in Electronic Government, 4th IFIP International Working Conference, KMGov 2003, Rhodes, Greece, May 26-28, 2003, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2645, Springer 2003, pp. 37-47
• WSMO related– www.wsmo.org
• WSMO-PA related– Xia Wang, Goudos S., Peristeras V., Vitvar T., Mocan A., Tarabanis K., WSMO-PA: Formal Specification of Public Administration Service Model
on Semantic Web Service Ontology, 40th HICSS, 4-10 Jan. 2007, Hawaii– Peristeras V., Goudos S., Vitvar T., Mocan A., Tarabanis K., Towards Semantic Web Services for Public Administration based on the Web
Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) and the Governance Enterprise Architecture (GEA), 5th EGOV, DEXA 2006, Krakow, Poland.• Implementations-Pilots
– Goudos S., Peristeras V., Tarabanis K., Semantic Web Application for Public Administration using OWL for Public Domain Data Knowledge Representation, WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications Journal (accepted for publication)
– Goudos S., Peristeras V., Tarabanis K., A Semantic Web Application for Matching a Citizen’s Profile to Entitled Public Services, ICEG 2006: The 2nd International Conference on e-Government, 12-13 October 2006, University of Pittsburgh, USA
– Goudos S., Peristeras V., Tarabanis K., Mapping Citizen Profiles to Public Administration Services Using Ontology Implementations of the Governance Enterprise Architecture (GEA) models, Semantic Web for eGovernment workshop, European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC) 2006, 11th-14th June, Budva, Montenegro
• General SemanticGov related– Vitvar T., Kerrigan M., Overeem v. A., Peristeras V. and Tarabanis K.: Infrastructure for the Semantic Pan-European E-government Services,
poster, Proceedings of the 2006 AAAI Spring Symposium on The Semantic Web meets eGovernment (SWEG), Mar. 27-29, 2006, Stanford University, CA, USA
– Vitvar T., Mocan A., Peristeras V. and Tarabanis K. (2006), Semantic-enabled Integration of Cross-border E-Government Services, poster at the 15th International World Wide Web Conference (WWW ’06), Workshop on eGovernment, 23 May 2006, Edinburg, Scotland
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Current Status of Work
• The project is just finishing its initial phase (Conceptual Analysis – Requirements). It will run until Dec. 2008.
• We work on the top-level architecture to provide a full reference architecture for implementing SWS in PA environment
• We apply existing WSMO tools (e.g. WSMX, WSMO Studio, etc.). Our aim is to develop PA specific plug-ins (e.g. WSMO-PA Studio).
• We want to test the above, (a) in two real services as provided by a Greek and an Italian public agency, (b) in a set of laboratory cases
Copyright 2005 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved.
www.deri.org
The SemanticGov Project www.semantic-gov.org
An EU Perspective: Providing Integrated Public Services to Citizens at the National and Pan-
European level with the use of Emerging Semantic Web Technologies
Vassillios [email protected]
Fifth Semantic Interoperability for E-Government Conference, October 10-11, 2006