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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
CHAPTER 1 AUGUST 30, 2016
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SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY IS A GENERAL STYLE OF INVESTIGATION AND APPLIES ACROSS ALL BRANCHES OF SCIENCE
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
FIVE GENERAL STEPS
1. OBSERVATIONS & ASKING QUESTIONS
2. HYPOTHESIS — PROPOSED EXPLANATION
3. CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
4. COLLECT DATA
5. CONCLUSION
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
OBSERVATIONS / ASK ?S
▸ Observations
▸ Based on the five senses
▸ Ask questions
▸ Why?
▸ How?
▸ When?
▸ Who?
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
HYPOTHESIS
▸ Scientific explanation for a set of observations
▸ Must be able to be tested AND
▸ Supported
▸ Rejected
▸ NOT an educated guess!
▸ Should be written in the form of “If…then…because…”
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
▸ Must keep track of variables
▸ ONLY ONE VARIABLE IS CHANGED
▸ Independent variable: deliberately changed by the scientist
▸ Dependent variable: observed and changes in response to the independent variable
▸ Controlled variables: all other factors that must stay the SAME!
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT CONT’D
▸ Control Group
▸ Exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for one independent variable
▸ What we compare the experimental group
▸ Left alone or “natural”
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
COLLECT DATA
▸ Detailed records of experimental observations = DATA
▸ Qualitative — descriptive
▸ Quantitative — uses numbers
▸ Tools
▸ Low tech vs high tech
▸ Important to choose the right tools
▸ Error
▸ Sample size should be randomized and large to reduce error
▸ Often put in tables and graphs
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
CONCLUSION
▸ Four parts to the conclusion
▸ Analyze data
▸ Is the hypothesis right or wrong? If wrong, revise!
▸ Any errors and how they effected the results
▸ New questions?
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1. OBSERVATIONS & ASKING QUESTIONS
2. HYPOTHESIS — PROPOSED EXPLANATION
3. CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
4. COLLECT DATA
5. CONCLUSION
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
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THE STATEMENT THE WORM IS 2CM LONG IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN…
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
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TO BE USEFUL IN SCIENCE, A HYPOTHESIS MUST BE…
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
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DURING A CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT, A SCIENTIST ISOLATES AND TESTS A…
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THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
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