THE REIGN OF SULTAN HASHIM1885 - 1906
- Summaries of the previous topics
- Treaty of Protection 1888- Seizure of Limbang
SUMMARIES OF THE PREVIOUS TOPICS:- James Brooke came to Kuching in 1839, because
of Antimony.- Since he obtained the title of ‘Raja Of Sarawak’
in 1846, he controlled many Brunei territories on the Sarawak side.
- He died in 1868 and his nephew Charles Brooke became the new Raja.
- Charles Brooke obtained many territories from Sultan Abdul Momin. He also obtained the areas called Terusan and Limbang.
- British North Borneo Company was the company who controlled the land of Sabah.
THE REIGN OF SULTAN HASHIM
Background: He was one of the four Wazirs of Brunei.
His name was Pg. Temenggong Anak Hashim.
He became the 25th Sultan of Brunei in 1885.
He was known as Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin
He was the son of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II.
FURTHER LOSS OF TERRITORIES:
Sultan Hashim inherited a much smaller kingdom than was his father was sultan.
1885, Brunei was only the size of modern Brunei plus the Limbang and Pandaruan district.
In order to stop the British from taking more land by force, the Sultan ceded Terusan to Sarawak
FURTHER LOSS OF TERRITORIES
Question:Why Sultan Hashim cannot stop
Brooke’s and BNBC from taking Brunei territory?
Answer:Sultan Hashim could not stop British
from taking Brunei territories because, Brunei was not strong military power) enough to fight British.
TREATY OF PROTECTION 1888
Sultan Hashim appealed by letter to the British Crown
1887
1888
Sir Hugh Low sent from Perak to Brunei to negotiate a treaty, giving British protection
Treaty of Protection, 17th Sept 1888 • British status changed to British protectorate• Britain took over responsibility for Brunei’s external affairs• Brunei guaranteed protection against attacks• Sultan could not cede territory without British consent
THE TREATY OF PROTECTION 1888
Question:Explain why Sultan Hashim appealed to the British Crown?
Question:Explain why British responded Sultan Hashim letter?
Question:Discuss among your self, find the advantages and disadvantages of those term? State your answer on the paper for both Brunei and British.
TREATY OF PROTECTION 1888
Unfortunately, British considered Charles Brooke a British, so it did not stop him from seizing Limbang in 1890.
Brunei thought that Treaty of Protection would save it from foreign intervention, especially from CharlesBrooke.
Question:Why British did not take action when Brooke seize Limbang?
SEIZURE OF LIMBANGBRUNEI IN 1880
SEIZURE OF LIMBANGCharles Brooke interested to Limbang because it was the richest food-growing district of Brunei
He argued that Limbang was part of the land given to him in 1884 (Terusan treaty). Therefore Charles Brooke seized Limbang on 17 March 1890.SULTAN HASHIM
Sultan Hashim opposed Charles Brooke and protested to the British
government, because Limbang was the Kuripan land of Sultan Hashim
Noel Trevenan was sent to investigate the matter
Result:
SEIZURE OF LIMBANG
Question:
1. Why Charles Brooke interested to Limbang?2. Why Sultan Hashim strongly opposed
Charles Brooke seized of Limbang?3. How Noel Trevenan conduct his
investigation?4. Why Sultan Hashim objected the Noel
Trevenan findings?5. What British action toward this findings?
SEIZURE OF LIMBANGQuestion:
Using your understanding, illustrates how the investigation carry out?(use any method you like for example; use word, sentences or drawing)Trevenan asked the
opinionof 15 of the 33 local
chiefs.12 of the 15 local chiefs
said:
We are in favour ofjoining Sarawak
(underCharles Brooke)
Sultan Hashim objected to this because:
• It ignored the opinion of the chiefs who were not present • Those who were invited were Brooke’s supporters • Trevenan’s officials worked for Brooke
SEIZURE OF LIMBANG
Result:British Government:
British accepted Trevenan’s report and confirmed Charles Brooke’s annexation (takeover) of Limbang in July 1891.
Brunei Government:1. Sultan Hashim asked the British to honour the 1888 treaty of Protection. However, it
was not granted.2. Brunei lose Limbang in July 1891
DISTURBANCES IN BELAIT AND TUTONG
• Troubles in Belait and Tutong dated from
about 1895. • The main problem was heavy taxes imposed
by Tulin holders on people in both areas. Problems began when the people murdered the tax collectors
Sultan Hashim’s son-in-law tried to stop the trouble. He executed the rebels.
Charles Brooke took this opportunity to annex Belait and Tutong. He asked the Sultan tocede Belait and Tutong to him.The Sultan refused. Hence Belait and Tutong
remain part of Brunei
THE MC ARTHUR REPORT 1904
Sultan Hashim felt like the British were not protecting Brunei. He wrote to Sultan of Turkey to ask for help.This letter wasdiscovered by theBritish.
• British sent Malcolm McArthur to Brunei to check on problems there.
• McArthur saw the problems created by Charles Brooke
• McArthur recommended a new agreement to supplement the 1888 Treaty of Protection
• These agreements would help protect Brunei
SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT 1905-1906
Supplementary Agreement signed on 31 December 1905 by Sultan Hashim and John Anderson
SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT 1905-1906
Terms of Supplementary agreement:
Brunei accepted British Resident to advise on external and internal affairs (except matter relating to Islamic religion)