Download - THE REFORMATION 1517
THE REFORMATIONTHE REFORMATION15171517
THE ROMAN CATHOLIC THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHCHURCH• Dominates religious life in
Northern and Western Europe by the 10th Century
CAUSES!CAUSES!
Social Causes:Social Causes:
• Renaissance values of HUMANISM and SECULARISM led people to question the church
• The PRINTING PRESS helped to spread ideas critical of the church
Political CausesPolitical Causes
• Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe
• Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority
Economic CausesEconomic Causes
• European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth
• Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the Church
Religious CausesReligious Causes
• Some Church leaders had become worldly and corrupt
• Many people found Church practices such as the sale of indulgences unacceptable
Indulgence = PardonIndulgence = Pardon
• Catholic Church officials sell “Indulgences”
• Sinners were released from performing penalties that a priest imposed for sins
• “Buy way into heaven”
Martin Luther 1483-1546Martin Luther 1483-1546
• Monk & Teacher at the University of Wittenberg in German state of Saxony
95 Theses95 Theses
• Luther writes 95 formal statements (Theses) attacking the “pardon-merchants”
• Posts statements on the door of the castle in Wittenberg and invited scholars to debate him.
• Theses are printed and distributed through Germany
• Begins the Protestant Reformation – a movement of religious reform.
Martin Luther 1483-1546Martin Luther 1483-1546
• Monk & Teacher at the University of Wittenberg in German state of Saxony
Edict of WormsEdict of Worms
• Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther in 1520
• Holy Roman Emperor Charles V calls Luther to Worms in 1521 orders Luther to recant. Luther refuses
• Charles issues the Edict of Worms declaring Luther an outlaw and heretic. Books are to be burned.
• Luther is sheltered by his followers –• “Lutherans”
Europe after the Reformation