Download - The Prince’s Crusade and Byzantium
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The Prince’s Crusade and Byzantium
HIST 30049/20/13
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The People’s Crusade and Kilij Arslan
• Kilij Arslan: Seljuq Sultan of Rum• Aug. 6, 1096: Crusaders cross Bosporus• Crusader divisions: Germans and Italians vs. French• Nicaea• Sept. 29 – Oct. 6, 1096: Germans and Italians defeated by Kilij Arslan• Conversion or death• Oct. 21: French ambushed• Peter the Hermit was in Constantinople
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The Prince’s Crusade
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Meet the “Princes”
• Hugh of Vermandois (1057-1101)– Younger brother of Philip I, King of France– Count of Vermandois– Philip had been
excommunicated– Hugh sent as the king’s
representative
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Meet the “Princes”
• Godfrey of Bouillon (ca. 1060-1100)
– Duke of Lower Lorraine– A second son with titles of his own– Baldwin of Boulogne (brother)– Sold off properties, settled disputes to disadvantage to finance crusade– Held on to most important lands and titles
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Meet the “Princes”
• Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse (c. 1041-1105)– Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, Margrave of Provence, and Count of Saint-Gilles– First to join the crusade– Oldest and richest of the leadersof the First Crusade– Most outwardly religious and Urban II’s choice for unofficial commander
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Meet the “Princes”
• Bohemond I of Taranto (c. 1058-1111)– Son of Robert Guiscard– Led troops in Norman-Byzantine Wars against Alexius I – Urban II had arbitrated succession dispute in Bohemond’s favor after Guiscard’s death
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Meet the “Princes”
• Duke Robert of Normandy (ca. 1054-1134)– Eldest son of William the Conqueror– So poor he had to mortgage his titles to go on
crusade• Robert II, Count of Flanders (ca. 1065-1111)– Family had fought for Alexius I
• Stephen II, Count of Blois (ca. 1045-1102)– Most famous for leaving crusade early
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Adhemar of Le Puy (d. Aug. 1, 1098)
• Bishop of Puy-en-Velay from at least 1087.• Most likely discussed the crusade with Urban II before Clermont• Papal legate and spiritual leader of the First Crusade• Affiliated with Raymond IV
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Princes and Alexius I
• Reading Anna Comena’s Alexiad and The Deeds of the Franks…
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The Princes and Alexius I
• Nov. 1096-April 1097 Prince’s gather in Constantinople
• Oath of loyalty in exchange for passage across the Bosphorus
• Would you trust Bohemond?• Crusaders would return Byzantine territory…• Request for Byzantine military support
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Siege of Nicaea
• May 14 to June 19, 1097• Kilij Arslan fighting Danishmends• May 20-21 – Crusaders defeat Kilij Arslan• June 17 – Byzantine forces arrive• Negotiate surrender• June 19 – Byzantine flag flying over Nicaea
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Baldwin and the County of Edessa
• Sent to seek aid from Armenian Christians• Caught up in local politics• Toros, Prince of Edessa• Adoption and assassination• Foundation of first crusader state