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Accelerator Research Department B
THE ORION PHOTOINJECTOR: STATUS and RESULTS
Dennis T. PalmerSLAC / ARDBICFA Sardinia
4 July 2002
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Accelerator Research Department B
OUTLINE1. Introduction2. Beam Dynamics Simulations3. Photoinjector
1. RF Gun2. Solenoidal Magnet3. Diagnostics Section
4. RF Waveguide 5. Laser System
1. Oscillator Subsystem2. Amplifier Subsystem
6. Phase Noise7. Photocathode Material8. Discussion
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Beam Energies 7 MeV (Source); 7-67 MeV (LE Hall); 67-350 MeV (HE Hall)
Charge per Bunch 0.25 nC optimum, adjustable up to a nominal maximum of 1 nC
Number of Bunches 1 or 2 (split charge)
Transverse Emittance < 2x10-6 m , normalized rms (0.25 nC)
Bunch Length 1.8 psec, rms (0.25 nC)
Charge Stability 2.5% pulse-to-pulse
Bunch Timing Jitter 500 fsec, rms
Repetition Rate 10 Hz
Average Beam Power 0.67 W at 67 MeV; 3.5 W at 350 MeV (1 nC bunches)
Electron Source 1.6 cell, S-band (2.856 GHz) Photoinjector , Mg cathode
Drive Laser Commercial Ti:Sapphire, 266 nm wavelength, 1 mJ output
Source RF System SLAC 5045 Klystron; Solid-State, NLC-type Modulator
Injector Linac Two X-band (11.4 GHz), 0.9 m, 30 MV, NLC structures
High-Energy Linac Four X-band, 1.8 m, 72 MV, NLC structures
Accelerator Research Department B
General Design Parameters of the ORION Facility
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ORION Facility Future LocationAccelerator Research Department B
NLCTA
FFTB
http://www-project.slac.stanford.edu/orion/
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Introduction
ORION FACILITY @ NLCTAAccelerator Research Department B
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Accelerator Research Department B
Next Generation Photoinjector
D.T. Palmer et al
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Accelerator Research Department B
D.T. Palmer et. al
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Beam Dynamics Simulations
Photoinjector LayoutX-BandS-Band
150 cm
111.4 cm
Diagnostics
Accelerator Research Department B
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Parmela Accelerator Research Department B
R = 1 mmQ = 1 nCσz = 500 fsec N = 10KQuiet Start
NLC Structure Support D.T. Palmer
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RF GunAccelerator Research Department B
BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 cell S-Band RF GUN
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Accelerator Research Department B
Mechanical Improvements
ONE OF A KINDCathode Enclosure
Exit Port Vacuum Port / RF Probe MDC HIGH TEMP
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Accelerator Research Department B
ORION RF GUN
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Accelerator Research Department B
ORION/Neptune RF GUN
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Accelerator Research Department B
Spare Neptune 1.6 cell RF GunAfter 1st Braze
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Accelerator Research Department B
Solenoidal Magnet
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Accelerator Research Department B
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Accelerator Research Department B
Solenoidal Magnet
557.3 A/cm2J3445 WPower220 ACurrent18.95 VVoltage0.08613 ΩResistance0.39477 cm 2Cross Section200 mLengthHollowConductor1006 SteelMagnet Material
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Accelerator Research Department B
Magnetic Field Versus Current
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Diagnostics SectionAccelerator Research Department B
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RF Waveguide SubsystemAccelerator Research Department B
S-Band Power5045 + Modulator
http://www-project.slac.stanford.edu/orion/
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Accelerator Research Department B
SLAC Type I Coupler Under Test
Exp.Theory
D.T. Palmer
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Drive Laser SystemAccelerator Research Department B
Parameter Minimum SystemRequirement
Performance Enhancements
Pulse Repetition Frequency 10 Hz
Laser Energy 1 > 1 mJ
Laser Energy Jitter < 5% rms Best Effort
UV Timing Jitter 2 < 500 fs, rms Best Effort
Pulse Length (FWHM) 300 fs – 10 ps
Temporal Amplitude Profile Gaussian Uniform 3
Radial Amplitude Profile Approx. Uniform Best Effort 4
MTBF 5000 hours
Drive Laser Minimum System Requirements and Performance Enhancements
Footnotes:1) Measured on a Gaussian temporal and radial profile beam. 2) Measured with respect to a 79 1/3 MHz external master RF clock3) ≤ 5% ripple, peak to peak, 1 ps rise/fall times on 10% - 90% of full amplitude.4) ≤ 10% ripple, peak to peak
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Oscillator SubsystemAccelerator Research Department B
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Accelerator Research Department B
FIRST LIGHT @ 800 nm
ORION LASER OSCILLATOR
D.T. Palmer
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Accelerator Research Department B
ORION LASER OSCILLATOR
Photodiode Signal Spectral Measurement
791.8 807.9
∆λ = 16.1 nm79.3333 MHz 12.61 nsec
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Autocorrelation MeasurementAccelerator Research Department B
P. Bolton & D.T. Palmer
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Accelerator Research Department B
32msec
psec
Autocorrelation Calibration
psecTt
= 28.33msec
P. Bolton & D.T. Palmer
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Accelerator Research Department B
Autocorrelation Measurement
P. Bolton & D.T. Palmer
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Amplifier SubsystemAccelerator Research Department B
TSA – 25Regenerative Amp +Multi-pass Stage + future upgrades LAB-170-10
Evolution X
Nd:YAG pump 400 mJ 10 Hzfor Multi-pass AmplifierDiode Pumped Nd:YLF
10 mJ @527 nm 1KHz
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Phase Noise Circuit DiagramAccelerator Research Department B
D. T. Palmer
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1.28 psec @ 2856 MHz
Accelerator Research Department B
0.142 o = 1 mV
0.035 o @ 79 1/3 MHz
D. T. Palmer
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Accelerator Research Department B
BIAS Voltage
To Computer
C RF
Vectron CO-706 8.5MHz
20dB LNA
30dB Amp
5 MHz LP
5 MHz LP
5 MHz LP
33k470uf1k
100k
10 kHz LP
PTS-500 476MHz
1
MIXER LOR
F
IF
WenzelMultiplier/Filter8.5MHz to476MHz
Optional
VCO
13dBm
13dBm
RC=15 Sec.
Jitter ~ 500 fsec
R. Akre et al.
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ImprovementAccelerator Research Department B
Power Supply NoiseRegulated P.S.Unregulated P.S.
RMS = 64 mVRMS = 90 mV
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Accelerator Research Department B
Bode Plot
R. Akre et al.
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Replace AOM for 79 1/3 MHzAccelerator Research Department B
Courtesy of SP Laser Corp
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PHOTO-CATHODEAccelerator Research Department B
CU100
Mg
????
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Accelerator Research Department B
Single Crystal Copper PhotocathodeBefore After Ez ~ 90 MV/m
Q = 90o
QE = 6.2 x10-5CU 100
http://www-project.slac.stanford.edu/orion/
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Accelerator Research Department B
Mg Photocathode DevelopmentNCT, Inc. Friction Welding
Mg Rod 99.97%
Element Concentration (ppm)
Mo Major Al 30Zn 50Mn 31Fe 34Ni 4Cu 2Si 30Pb 10Ca 10Sn <10Cd <1
D.T. Palmer x4611
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Vent
Accelerator Research Department B
Friction Welded MgPhotocathode
OFHC Grade IIcopper Mg
1 µm
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Accelerator Research Department B
Next Steps…..
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Accelerator Research Department B
Possible Prototype LCLS RF Gun
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Accelerator Research Department B
Whose missing????