Download - The Nile Valley
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The Nile Valley
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Settling the Nile Between 6000 and 5000 BC, hunters and
gatherers moved into the Nile River Valley
They settled down and created dozens of villages along the river banks
These people became the earliest Egyptians
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A Mighty River Egypt received little
rain
The Nile River was the only water source for bathing, drinking, farming, etc. Longest river in the
world
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A Mighty River The Nile actually begins
as two separate rivers (Blue and White Nile) The meet and form the
Nile just south of Egypt
There are narrow cliffs and boulders in the Nile that form wild rapids called cataracts
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A Mighty River The river runs through a
narrow green valley and splits into branches shortly before reaching the Mediterranean Sea
These branches fan out over an area of fertile soil called a delta.
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A Sheltered Land There are vast deserts
on both sides of the Nile To the west is the
Sahara The largest desert in the
world
To the east is the Eastern Desert
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A Sheltered Land these deserts served as protection against
outside armies
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A Sheltered Land Egypt had even more
protective features in their geography. To the south were the
dangerous cataracts in the Nile
Blocked enemy boats
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A Sheltered Land In the north, delta marshes provided no harbor
for invaders approaching from the Mediterranean Sea.
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A Sheltered Land In Mesopotamia there were few natural
barriers to protect the cities Constantly had to fight off attackers
Egypt rarely faced threat because of their geography Allowed them to grow and prosper
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A Sheltered Land Egyptians were not
completely closed to the outside world The Mediterranean and
the Red Sea gave Egyptians a way to trade with people outside Egypt
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A Sheltered Land Within Egypt, people used the Nile for trade
and transportation
As a result Egyptian villages had frequent friendly contact with one another.
Unlike the hostile relations between Mesopotamian city-states
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Regular Flooding Like the Mesopotamians the Egyptians also
had to cope with river floods The Nile floods were much more dependable
though Allowed Egyptians to farm and live securely
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How Did the Egyptians Use the Nile?
Through wise irrigation, Egyptians grew more than enough food to feed themselves and the animals they raised
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Importance of Papyrus Papyrus, a reed plant
that grew along the shores of the Nile, became a useful resource
Used to make baskets, sandals, river rafts, and later paper
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What were Hieroglyphics? Egyptians system of writing
made up of hundreds of picture symbols
some symbols stood for objects and ideas
Other symbols stood for sounds
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A United Egypt Egypt's skillful farming led to surpluses
Extra amounts of food
This freed some people to work as artisans instead of farmers
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The Rise of Government Governments eventually emerged due to the
need of organization
Egypt was made of two kingdoms Lower Egypt (in the Nile delta) Upper Egypt (up river)
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Egypt’s Ruling Families The two kingdoms were
untied around 3100 BC, thanks to Narmer (King of Upper Egypt).
Members of his family passed on the ruling power from father to son to grandson
A line of rulers from a single family is called a dynasty
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Egypt’s Ruling Families Ancient Egypt would be ruled by 31 dynasties
across 2,800 years
The dynasties are grouped into 3 Kingdoms Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New
Kingdom
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Egypt's Social Classes