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The Neolithic Age
Section 2 (Continued)
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CivilizationCivilization
GovernmentClasses Culture
Specialization of Labor
Food Surplus
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Population growth leads to the
development of civilization.
•8000 B.C. – 5 million people
•4000 B.C. – 90 million people
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What is the most important factor leading to an increase in population?
What is the most important factor leading to an increase in population?
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Food SurplusFood Surplus•People remained in one place, building permanent shelters
•People produced more food than they needed for their families – “SURPLUS”
•People remained in one place, building permanent shelters
•People produced more food than they needed for their families – “SURPLUS”
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Early Villages:
Early Villages:
•Earliest villages were located in SW Asia
•Dating to about 8000 B.C.•Jericho, Abu Hureyra, Catal Huyuk
•Earliest villages were located in SW Asia
•Dating to about 8000 B.C.•Jericho, Abu Hureyra, Catal Huyuk
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Jericho
•8000 B.C.•West Bank between Israel and Jordan
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This is Jericho from the Bible
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Jericho Today
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Abu Hureyra•7500 B.C.•Syria
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Catal Huyuk•6500 – 5700 B.C.
•Turkey
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Catal Huyuk Today
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Drawing of Catal Huyuk
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Specialization of Labor•Development of occupations•Fewer people to produce food and do other jobs
•Trade developed•Pottery – carrying and storing food
•Cloth weaving•Metal working – jewelry & weapons
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Government•Land ownership – set boundaries and protected their land
•Leader (chief) – settled disputes
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Social ClassesSocial Classes•A difference between groups of a culture
•Based on education, income, or family
•Earliest classes developed in ancient Mesopotamian cultures
•Today class varies from nation to nation
•A difference between groups of a culture
•Based on education, income, or family
•Earliest classes developed in ancient Mesopotamian cultures
•Today class varies from nation to nation
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Other Signs of CultureOther Signs of Culture•Religion•Language•Clothing•Celebrations•Festivals•Many More
•Religion•Language•Clothing•Celebrations•Festivals•Many More
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India•Marriage is considered a marriage of two families not just two people •The bride traditionally wears red (white signifies death in our culture) •groom wears a traditional cream colored long coat called an etchkin with a red turban
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Turkey•Some follow Western dress•Muslim men may marry Christian or Jewish women•Muslim women must marry Muslim men or those who convert to Islam
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Muslim Bride
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Saudi Arabia
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ChinaChina
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Korea
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NepalNepal
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Belgium: St. Nicholas
& Pere Noel
Belgium: St. Nicholas
& Pere Noel
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Brazil & Peru: Papa Noel
Brazil & Peru: Papa Noel
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Finland: JoulupukkiFinland: Joulupukki•Believe Santa lives at
Korvatunturi in Finland•“Christmas Land” in North
Finland
•Believe Santa lives at Korvatunturi in Finland
•“Christmas Land” in North Finland
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France: Père Noël France:
Père Noël
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Germany: Father
Christmas
Germany: Father
Christmas
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Hungary: Winter-
Grandfather
Hungary: Winter-
Grandfather
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Russia: Father Frost
Russia: Father Frost
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China: Shengdan
Laoren
China: Shengdan
Laoren
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England: Father Christmas
England: Father Christmas
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Greece: St.
Nicholas
Greece: St.
Nicholas
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Costa Rica, Colombia, and parts of Mexico, the gift bearer
is el Niño Jesus, "the infant Jesus.“
Costa Rica, Colombia, and parts of Mexico, the gift bearer
is el Niño Jesus, "the infant Jesus.“
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Netherlands: Sinter
Klaas
Netherlands: Sinter
Klaas
• He rides a white horse, leaving gifts in wooden shoes
• He rides a white horse, leaving gifts in wooden shoes
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Sweden: JultomtenSweden: Jultomten
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Japan: Santa Clause
Japan: Santa Clause
•Children often call him "Santa no ojisan," which means "Uncle Santa."
•Children often call him "Santa no ojisan," which means "Uncle Santa."
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Black Peter: Spain, Morocco, Holland, Netherlands
Black Peter: Spain, Morocco, Holland, Netherlands
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Italy: Babbo Natale (which means Father Christmas)
Italy: Babbo Natale (which means Father Christmas)
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• Food surplus
• Cities
• Government
• Religion
• Social classes
• Specialization
• Writing
• Trade/economics
• Public works
• Art and architecture