![Page 1: The Natural History of Undiagnosed Celiac Disease: A Retrospective Study Craig Sturgeon 1, Bushra Bhatti 1, Debby Kryszak 1, Carlo Catassi 1, Kathy Helzlsouer](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062518/5697bf9d1a28abf838c93f74/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Natural History of Undiagnosed Celiac
Disease: A Retrospective Study
Craig Sturgeon1, Bushra Bhatti1, Debby Kryszak1, Carlo Catassi1, Kathy Helzlsouer2, Sandra L. Clipp3, and
Alessio Fasano1
1. Center for Celiac Research, University of Maryland, School of Medicine
2. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University
3. The George W. Comstock Center for Public Health Research and Prevention, Johns
Hopkins University
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Current CD KnowledgeCurrent CD Knowledge Considered the most common autoimmune disease in
North America and Europe CD shows a prevalence of 0.5 - 1% in the general
population People are born with CD? Trend of prevalence is unknown
• ↑ diagnosis due to ↑ awareness • ↑ in prevalence like other autoimmune diseases
Comorbidity• Untreated celiac disease leads to comorbidity• Genes for celiac disease are linked to other diseases
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SamplesSamples
19741974 19891989
Clue I Clue II
Total 11,653 22,888
Odyssey 8,394 8,394
Our Study 4,351 3,511
The CLUE Campaigns came from the slogan
“Give us a CLUE to Cancer”
Brief histories, blood samples and a detailed heath questionnaires
were obtained on all participants
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AimsAims
To uncover the natural history of untreated Celiac Disease in a single large cohort
To investigate the changes in the prevalence of CD in the US over time
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MethodsMethods Samples were initially screened for human anti-tissue
transglutaminase-IgA antibodies (tTg-IgA)
Positive tTg-IgA samples were screened for anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA)
To detect any possible celiac in the cohort that may have a total IgA deficiency:
All tTG-IgA < 0.5 AU were screened with human anti-tissue transglutaminase-IgG antibodies (tTg-IgG)
Total serum IgA’s were done on samples that were positive for tTG-IgG.
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ResultsResultsOdyssey Cohort
3,511 paired samples
CLUE 13,511
CLUE 23,511
tTG-IgA> 5
TG-IgA0.5 < X < 5.0
tTG-IgA< 0.5
tTG-IgA> 5
tTG-IgA0.5 < X < 5.0
tTG-IgA< 0.5
EMA13
Normal2473
tTG-IgG1025
EMA +7
EMA neg6
tTg-IgG< 26
tTG-IgG> 26
EMA22
EMA +15
EMA neg7
Normal3330
tTG-IgG159
CD Autoimmunity
7
Normal6
Normal1020
Total IgA6
Total IgA<7
Total IgA> 7
IgA Deficient0
Normal 6
CD Autoimmunity
15
Normal7
tTG-IgG< 26
tTG-IgG> 26
Normal158
Total IgA1
Total IgA<7
Total IgA> 7
IgA deficient0
Normal1
1974 1989
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ResultsResults840 deceased subjects
after CLUE 1
tTg-IgA840
tTG-IgA> 0.5
tTG-IgA0.5 < X < 5.0
tTG-IgA< 0.5
EMA2
Normal835
tTG-IgG3
EMA +2
EMA =0
CDAutoimmunity
2Normal
Total IgA< 7
Total IgA< 7
IgA Deficient0
Normal3
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Age CLUE 1 (1974) CLUE 2 (1989)
Case #
Race Gender CLUE 1 tTG-IgA
EMA tTG-IgA
EMA Clinical Findings
1 C F 52 19.6 >1:50 11.3 >1:50 Osteoporosis
2 C F 50 24.0 >1:50 127.9 >1:50 Thyroid Disease/ Arthritis
3 C F 32 88.1 >1:50 124.0 >1:50 Celiac disease after CLUE 2
4 C M 60 102.9 >1:50 119.8 >1:50 Osteoporosis/ Osteoarthritis
5 C F 50 67.3 >1:50 41.2 >1:50
6 C M 25 171.5 >1:50 0.6 Neg Celiac disease after CLUE 1
7 C F 34 6.4 >1:20 6.9 >1:20 Osteoporosis/ Osteoarthritis/SLE
8 C M 26 9.5 Neg 17.1 >1:50
9 C F 24 0.8 Neg 17.4 >1:50 SLE
10 C F 53 1.4 Neg 11.4 >1:10 Diabetes /Osteoporosis/ Osteoarthritis
11 C F 14 3.5 Neg 8.1 >1:10 Osteoporosis
12 C F 54 3.3 Neg 7.2 >1:20 Osteoarthritis
13 C F 37 0.2 Neg 8.4 >1:20 Arthritis
14 C F 28 0.2 Neg 68.4 >1:50 Osteoporosis/ Osteoarthritis
15 C M 27 0.1 Neg 8.0 >1:50 Diabetes / Arthritis
16 C F 29 0.7 Neg 7.1 >1:10 Osteoporosis/ Osteoarthritis
17 C F 41 171.1 >1:50 - -
18 C F 52 57.8 >1:20 - - Jejunal Cancer
CD casesCD cases
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Anti-tTG antibodies in the Odyssey subjects with CD
(anti-tTg-IgA and EMA positive) Fig. 1a
1974 19890.1
1
10
100200
IgA
an
ti-t
TG
(AU
)
On GFD after CLUE 1
CLUE 1 CLUE 2
(Log
ari
thm
ic S
cale
)(L
og
ari
thm
ic S
cale
)
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Antibody levels in subjects with isolated IgA anti-tTG positivity
(EMA negative) Fig. 1b
1974 19890
10
20
IgA
an
ti-t
TG
(AU
)
CLUE 1 CLUE 2
(Lin
ear
Scale
)(L
inear
Scale
)
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Clinical Outcome year 2007
ResultsResults
Celiac patients
Controls
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Increasing prevalence of CD in the United States over time
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20100.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
year
CD
pre
vale
nce
(%
)
1:502
1:219
1:105
ResultsResults
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ConclusionsConclusions Gluten tolerance in individuals that are genetically
predisposed to CD can be lost at any age, even in adulthood.
CD patients reported more autoimmune connective tissue disorders and osteoporosis than age- and gender- matched controls
Decreased T2D in CD patients• Possibly due to malabsorption
There has been a 5 fold increase in the prevalence of CD in the US during the past 3 decades
Our data suggest that the prevalence of CD is doubling every 15 years