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The melting of the The melting of the glaciersglaciers
Global WarmingGlobal Warming
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StructureStructure1. Glaciers1. Glaciers1.1 In General1.1 In General1.2 How the climate influences 1.2 How the climate influences glaciersglaciers
2. Antarctica2. Antarctica2.1 In General2.1 In General2.2 The ice2.2 The ice2.3 Change of the Antarctica2.3 Change of the Antarctica
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3. Consequences and flooding3. Consequences and flooding
4. How to save energy4. How to save energy 4.1 Most important steps4.1 Most important steps 4.2 What can individuals do?4.2 What can individuals do?
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1. Glaciers1. Glaciers1.1 In general1.1 In general Mass of iceMass of ice
Catchment area is clearly definedCatchment area is clearly defined Own movement because of shear Own movement because of shear stressstress Leaning, structure of ice, Leaning, structure of ice, temperaturetemperature
Largest freshwater storage Largest freshwater storage
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Largest water storage generally (after Largest water storage generally (after the oceans) the oceans) Water supplies of rivers; influences Water supplies of rivers; influences the world's climatethe world's climate
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Coverage of landmass (polar region)Coverage of landmass (polar region)
Forms landmassForms landmass Mass of ice reaches Mass of ice reaches centre of the land centre of the land
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1.2 How the climate 1.2 How the climate influences glaciersinfluences glaciers
Antarctica cools down (not the world's Antarctica cools down (not the world's climatic trend)climatic trend) Ice sheet increasesIce sheet increases
More falls of rain/snowMore falls of rain/snow Snow encourages development of Snow encourages development of ice; rain encourages the melting ice; rain encourages the melting
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Glaciers = indicators for permanent Glaciers = indicators for permanent climatic changesclimatic changes Global warming Global warming Melting of glaciers Melting of glaciers
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2. Antarctica2. Antarctica2.1 In general2.1 In general Earth‘s southernmost continentEarth‘s southernmost continent
Also called „South Pole“Also called „South Pole“
On average the coldest, driest and On average the coldest, driest and windiest continentwindiest continent
Antarctica is considered a desertAntarctica is considered a desert
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No humans living thereNo humans living there
Only cold adapted animals and plants Only cold adapted animals and plants can survive therecan survive there
Tundra vegetationTundra vegetation
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2.2 The ice2.2 The ice
Antarctic Ice Shield is one of the two Antarctic Ice Shield is one of the two polar ice capes of the Earth polar ice capes of the Earth
Bigger Ice ShieldBigger Ice Shield
Area of 14 million square kmArea of 14 million square km
30 million cubic km of ice30 million cubic km of ice
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2.3 Change of 2.3 Change of AntarcticaAntarctica Continent-wide average surface Continent-wide average surface
temperature trend is positive temperature trend is positive significant at >0.05°C/decade since significant at >0.05°C/decade since 19571957
Scientists found out: global warming is Scientists found out: global warming is affecting all of Antarcticaaffecting all of Antarctica
Satellite data suggests: Satellite data suggests: Ice has begun decreasingIce has begun decreasing
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Recent study:Recent study:– West Antarctic Ice Shield is losing massWest Antarctic Ice Shield is losing mass– East Antarctic Ice Shield is in balance East Antarctic Ice Shield is in balance
by comparing the Ice by comparing the Ice leaving the Ice Shields leaving the Ice Shields
Results agree closely Results agree closely with the gravity changeswith the gravity changes
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Temperature rose for the last half Temperature rose for the last half centurycentury
Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect
Antarctica holds enough ice to raise Antarctica holds enough ice to raise global sea levels by 57 metresglobal sea levels by 57 metres
Average temperature rise for Average temperature rise for Antarctica is put at 0.12° C per decadeAntarctica is put at 0.12° C per decade
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3. Consequences and 3. Consequences and FloodingFlooding Snowmelt is important for agriculture Snowmelt is important for agriculture
(e.g. in India)(e.g. in India)No glaciers = decline of agricultureNo glaciers = decline of agriculture
Elimination of ecosystemsElimination of ecosystemsAnimals and plants lose their Animals and plants lose their habitatshabitats
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Lack of drinking waterLack of drinking waterThe snowmelt is their drinking waterThe snowmelt is their drinking water
Sea level increases by snowmeltSea level increases by snowmelt Some countries will be fluted (e.g. Some countries will be fluted (e.g. Egypt)Egypt)
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Snowmelt sweeps along stonesSnowmelt sweeps along stones They built a wall They built a wall Glacial lakes developGlacial lakes develop The wall breaks and it comes to The wall breaks and it comes to dangerous flooding dangerous flooding
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4. How to save energy4. How to save energy4.1 Most important 4.1 Most important stepssteps Modern boiler reduce pollutant emissionModern boiler reduce pollutant emission
Change over to domestic/natural gasChange over to domestic/natural gas
Insulation in houses and departmentsInsulation in houses and departments
Development and Use of renewable Development and Use of renewable energies (sun, wind, water, biogas)energies (sun, wind, water, biogas)
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4.2 What can 4.2 What can individuals do?individuals do?
Overthink the importance of using a Overthink the importance of using a car (smaller emission of carbon car (smaller emission of carbon dioxide) dioxide)
Use a train or bus Use a train or bus
Avoid using a planeAvoid using a plane
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Do not leave your electric machines in Do not leave your electric machines in standby mode, turn them offstandby mode, turn them off
Use energy saving lampsUse energy saving lamps
If you open your windows, do not If you open your windows, do not forget to turn off your heatingforget to turn off your heating
If you use an air conditioning machine, If you use an air conditioning machine, close the windowsclose the windows
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Use a gas stove instead of an electric Use a gas stove instead of an electric rangerange
Buy agricultural products from your Buy agricultural products from your farmerfarmer
Everyone is able to stop the Everyone is able to stop the climate change with little climate change with little effort!effort!
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SourcesSources Internet:Internet:
– klimainfo.net/was-man-tun-kann.php klimainfo.net/was-man-tun-kann.php – www.welt.de/.../www.welt.de/.../
Was_der_Einzelne_gegen_den_Klimawandel_tun_kann.htmlWas_der_Einzelne_gegen_den_Klimawandel_tun_kann.html– www.tagesschau.de/ausland/erderwaermung2.html www.tagesschau.de/ausland/erderwaermung2.html – http://www.greenpeace.de/themen/klima/klimawandel/artikel/http://www.greenpeace.de/themen/klima/klimawandel/artikel/
eine_unbequeme_wahrheit/eine_unbequeme_wahrheit/– http://www.greenpeace.de/themen/klima/http://www.greenpeace.de/themen/klima/
folgen_der_erwaermung/artikel/folgen_der_erwaermung/artikel/berge_ohne_eis_die_gletscher_schmelzen/berge_ohne_eis_die_gletscher_schmelzen/
– http://www.vistaverde.de/news/Wissenschaft/http://www.vistaverde.de/news/Wissenschaft/0503/14_gletscher.php0503/14_gletscher.php
– http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gletscherschmelze#Folgenhttp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gletscherschmelze#Folgen– http://www.klimaforschung.net/antarktis/index.htmhttp://www.klimaforschung.net/antarktis/index.htm– http://www.greenpeace.de/themen/klima/nachrichten/artikel/http://www.greenpeace.de/themen/klima/nachrichten/artikel/
neuer_greenpeace_report_gletscher_schmelzen_immer_schnelleneuer_greenpeace_report_gletscher_schmelzen_immer_schneller-1/r-1/http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gletscherhttp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gletscher
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Pictures:Pictures:– http://www.sf.tv/webtool/data/pics/sfwissendossier/gletscher.jpghttp://www.sf.tv/webtool/data/pics/sfwissendossier/gletscher.jpg– http://www.stupidedia.org/images/thumb/6/6f/Warnschild.png/http://www.stupidedia.org/images/thumb/6/6f/Warnschild.png/
170px-Warnschild.png170px-Warnschild.png– http://www.unterwegs-mit-sack-und-pack.de/Fotoalbum/2003/http://www.unterwegs-mit-sack-und-pack.de/Fotoalbum/2003/
BernerOberland/Gletschersee_w13.jpgBernerOberland/Gletschersee_w13.jpg– http://www.polar-kreuzfahrten.de/fileadmin/polar-kreuzfahrten/http://www.polar-kreuzfahrten.de/fileadmin/polar-kreuzfahrten/
Presse/GletscherA6_300dpi.jpgPresse/GletscherA6_300dpi.jpg– http://gabrieli-gymnasium.de/uploaded/Vernagtferner%20-http://gabrieli-gymnasium.de/uploaded/Vernagtferner%20-
%20Schwarzkögele%20-%20Pegel%20(138).JPG%20Schwarzkögele%20-%20Pegel%20(138).JPG– http://www.iam.unibe.ch/~liwicki/web/alpenrundflug/http://www.iam.unibe.ch/~liwicki/web/alpenrundflug/
DSCN9386%20Oeschinensee%20im%20Kandertal%20undDSCN9386%20Oeschinensee%20im%20Kandertal%20und%20Gletscher.JPG%20Gletscher.JPG
– http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3055/antarctica.jpghttp://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3055/antarctica.jpg– http://www.abenteuer-antarktis.de/redwork/mediapool/http://www.abenteuer-antarktis.de/redwork/mediapool/
222512_lo_Wunderwelt_Antarktis.jpg222512_lo_Wunderwelt_Antarktis.jpg– http://www.geo.de/div/image/55672/02_gletscher_popup.jpghttp://www.geo.de/div/image/55672/02_gletscher_popup.jpg
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Thanks for your attention!
Katharina Lasar, Eva-Maria Hartmann, Anna Jakobi, Mandy Klenk, Sarah Kersten