The Main objectives of the Unit
Conditionals
Base and Strong adjectives.
Conditional Sentences
Structure:
A conditional sentence is composed of 2 parts:
If-clause + Main Clause
Example:
If it rains tomorrow, we will not come.
If-clause Main Clause
FIRST CONDITIONAL
If+ Present Simple + will
If the weather is nice, we will go for a walk.
If you don’t apologize, she will never trust you again.
1- The first conditional refers to the present and future.
It expresses a possible condition and
its probable result in the future.
If clause:
PRESENT SIMPLE
Main clause:
FUTURE SIMPLE
FIRST CONDITIONAL
If+ Present Simple + will
2-we can use the first conditional to express different
functions (all of which express a possible condition and a
probable result).
If you don’t stop the noise, I’ll phone the police! (a threat)
Careful! If you touch that, you’ll burn yourself! ( a warning)
I’ll post the letter if you like. (an offer)
If you lend me $ 10, I'll pay you back tomorrow. ( a
promise)
Exercise One. First Conditionals
.1If you ___________________ (not come),
You ________________ (miss ) the show.
do not come
will miss
.2John __________________ (buy)a car if he
) _____________ get (a job.
will buy
gets
.3Mary ________________(get) a toothache if
she_________________ (eat) too many sweets.
will get
eats
Time Clauses
(When, as soon as, before, until, after) are not followed by will.
1- We use present tense but the meaning of the sentence is in the future.
I will call you when I get home.
As soon as dinner is ready, I will give you a call.
Can I have a word with you before I go?
Wait until I come back.
2- we also use present perfect to show that the action in the time clause is
finished.
When I have read the book, I will lend it to you.
I will go home after I have done the shopping.
ZERO CONDITIONAL
If you don’t water flowers, they die.
If you have a headache, stop watching TV.
With zero conditional
we express a general truth or we give advice.
Zero conditional sentences refer to all time not just the
present or future .
If clause:
PRESENT SIMPLE
Main clause:
PRESENT SIMPLE
or IMPERATIVE
Jack wants to buy a house but he can’t do this because he doesn’t have any money.
If I had a lot of money,
I would buy a big house .
SECOND CONDITIONAL
Susan wants to phone Paul but she can’t do this because she doesn’t know his number.
If I knew his number,
I would phone him .
SECOND CONDITIONAL
If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.
If I knew his number, I would phone him.
if-clause:PAST TENSE SIMPLE
main clause:PRESENT CONDITIONAL would + infinitive
SECOND CONDITIONAL
If+ Past Simple+ would.
1 -The second conditional refers to the present and future .
It expresses an unreal situation and its probable result .
The situation or condition is improbable, impossible ,
imaginary, or contrary to known facts .
SECOND CONDITIONAL
2- Other modal verbs are possible in the result
clause:
I could buy some new clothes if I had some money
If I saved a little every week, I might be able to save
up for a car
3- If I were you, I’d…..is used to give advice
If I were you, I would apologize to her
I would take it easy for a while if I were you.
FIRST v. SECOND CONDITIONAL
THE DIFFERENCE: FIRST and SECOND CONDITIONALBoth conditionals refer to the present and future.
The difference is about probability, not time.First conditional: real and possible situations
Second conditional: unlikely to happen
If John runs fast, he will win the race.
If John ran fast, he would win the race.
This is still possible to happen.
This is unlikely to happen because John doesn’t run fast.
Exercises Identifying conditionalsI. Choose the correct answer.
1 - If I drink tea in the morning, it makes me feel sick.
Zero Conditional
First Conditional
Second Conditional
Third Conditional
Exercises2 - I'll tell her if she comes.
Zero Conditional
First Conditional
Second Conditional
Third Conditional
3 - If I were you, I'd buy it as soon as possible.
Zero Conditional
First Conditional
Second Conditional
Third Conditional
Exercises
6 - If you work hard enough, you may well pass.
Zero Conditional
First Conditional
Second Conditional
Third Conditional
7 – Water boils if you heat it to a hundred degrees celsius.
Zero Conditional
First Conditional
Second Conditional
Third Conditional
P. 62
P. 63
P. 63
P. 64
P. 64
possibleunlikely
I do not have a car
I have to work
P. 65
unlikely
possible
unlikely
possiblepossibl
e
VOCABULARY
BASE/ STRONG ADJECTIVES
VOCABULARY
BASE/ STRONG ADJECTIVES
Some adjectives are normal Some adjectives are normal (or base)(or base) adjectives: good, bad, dirty, pretty, adjectives: good, bad, dirty, pretty, cold, hot cold, hot etcetc
NORMAL ADJECTIVES
NORMAL ADJECTIVES
Other adjectives are strong adjectives:Other adjectives are strong adjectives:
fantastic, awful, filthy, gorgeous fantastic, awful, filthy, gorgeous etcetc..
STRONG ADJECTIVESSTRONG ADJECTIVES
• Strong adjectives have the idea of very. Look Strong adjectives have the idea of very. Look at these examples from the article on page 66-at these examples from the article on page 66-67:67:
• a huge windfall = a very big windfall.a huge windfall = a very big windfall.
• a miserable person = a very unhappy person a miserable person = a very unhappy person
• astonished= extremely surprised.astonished= extremely surprised.
• astonished > surprised.astonished > surprised.
Here are some strong adjective examples for you:Here are some strong adjective examples for you:
This man is more than angry ….. he is furious.
FURIOUSFURIOUS
This man is extremely BAD ….. he is terrible.
TERRIBLETERRIBLE
This mouse is small ….. but the elephant is very big and heavy.
HUGE / ENORMOUSHUGE / ENORMOUS
• Match the base adjectives in A with the strong Match the base adjectives in A with the strong adjectives in B:adjectives in B:
A base adjectivesA base adjectivesB strong adjectives B strong adjectives TiredTired
FrightenedFrightened
GoodGood
TastyTasty
BadBad
Pretty, attractivePretty, attractive
HungryHungry
AngryAngry
DirtyDirty
SurprisedSurprised
HappyHappy
FunnyFunny
Great, wonderful, fantastic, superb.Great, wonderful, fantastic, superb.
ExhaustedExhausted
DeliciousDelicious
FilthyFilthy
TerrifiedTerrified
StarvingStarving
Horrible, awful, terrible, disgustingHorrible, awful, terrible, disgusting
Thrilled, delightedThrilled, delighted
Astonished, amazedAstonished, amazed
HilariousHilarious
Beautiful, gorgeousBeautiful, gorgeous
furiousfurious
• Match the base adjectives in A with the strong Match the base adjectives in A with the strong adjectives in B:adjectives in B:
A base adjectivesA base adjectivesB strong adjectives B strong adjectives TiredTired
FrightenedFrightened
GoodGood
TastyTasty
BadBad
HungryHungry
AngryAngry
DirtyDirty
SurprisedSurprised
HappyHappy
FunnyFunny
Great, wonderful, fantastic, superb.Great, wonderful, fantastic, superb.
ExhaustedExhausted
DeliciousDelicious
FilthyFilthy
TerrifiedTerrified
StarvingStarving
Horrible, awful, terrible, disgustingHorrible, awful, terrible, disgusting
Thrilled, delightedThrilled, delighted
Astonished, amazedAstonished, amazed
HilariousHilarious
Beautiful, gorgeousBeautiful, gorgeous
furiousfurious
Note: Note:
1- We can make adjectives more extreme with adverbs such 1- We can make adjectives more extreme with adverbs such as: very and absolutely. as: very and absolutely.
• Ex: their house is very big. Ex: their house is very big. • their garden is absolutely enormous. their garden is absolutely enormous. 2- We can use “very” only with base adjectives.2- We can use “very” only with base adjectives.• Ex: very tired, NOT :very exhausted.Ex: very tired, NOT :very exhausted.3- We can use “absolutely” only with the strong adjectives.3- We can use “absolutely” only with the strong adjectives.• Ex: absolutely wonderful. NOT: absolutely good. Ex: absolutely wonderful. NOT: absolutely good. • We can use “really” with both base and strong adjectives.We can use “really” with both base and strong adjectives.• Ex: Really tired, really exhausted Ex: Really tired, really exhausted
THE END