Download - The Khoisan Language Family
The Khoisan Language FamilyPresentation by Nicole Carpenter
What does Khoisan Sound like?
Where Khoisan is Currently Spoken?
• Namibia• Angola • South Africa• Botswana• Tanzania
Khoisan
Hatsa
Hadza
Sandawe
Sandawe
Southern Africa
Central: Hainum, Kwadi, Nama (Korana, Nama, Xiri) Tshu-khwe
(Shua, Kua, Tsoa, Khwe, Ani, Gana, Naro, Gwi)
Northern: !O!ung, Ju|’hoan, Kung-Ekoka, Maligo, Mangetti Dune !
Xung, Vasekela Bushman, ‡Kx’au||’ein
Southern: !Kwi (N|u, Seroa, |Xam, Xegwi), Hua (!Xóõ,
‡Hua)
• 28 Khoisan languages Currently spoken
• 13 with over 1,000 speakers• 3 Language branches• Of Africa’s smallest Language
Families
Adopters of Clicks
• Neighboring Bantu languages• Zulu, Xhosa, Tsonga
Origins and Evolution of Khoisan• Khoisan appeared 60,000 years ago• Among most ancient languages• Important until modern decline• Many languages extinct or endangered
Decline of Speakers• Cape Bushman extinguished 1750-1900• Khoekhoe and Europeans enslaved speakers• European colonization 1700s-1900s • Nama enjoys official language title
Why Clicks?• Early stage of human language• Onomatopoetic imitations of natural sounds• Could also be sound symbolism
Types of Clicks• Bilabial: ʘ• Dental: |• Alveolar: !• Lateral: ǁ• Palatal: ǂ
Bibliography"AFRICAN FIRST PEOPLES: THE BUSHWO/MEN." AFRICAN
FIRST PEOPLES: THE BUSHWO/MEN. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <http://www.khoisanpeoples.org/>.
Dalby, Andrew. "Khoisan Languages." Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More than 400 Languages. New York: Columbia UP, 1998. 315-16. Print.
Fish, Bruce, and Becky Durost. Fish. South Africa: 1880 to the Present: Imperialism, Nationalism, and Apartheid. APhiladelphia, PA: Chelsea House, 2001. Print.
"Imperialism in South Africa - European Colonization." Imperialism in South Africa - European Colonization. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <http://freeafrica.weebly.com/european-colonization.html>.
"The Khoikhoi and the San." The Khoikhoi and the San. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <http://www.khoisan.org/>.
"Khoisan." Ethnologue. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/khoisan>.
"Khoisan Language Family ." About World Languages. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <http://aboutworldlanguages.com/khoisan-language-family>.
"LESSON 1 OUTLINE." Lesson 1: Africa in Context. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <https://courseware.e-education.psu.edu/courses/earth105new/content/lesson01/06.html>.
Pendleton, Wade C. "Khoikhoi." The World Book Encyclopedia 2011. Chicago: World Book, 2011. 308b. Print.
Saunders, Christopher. "South Africa." The World Book Encyclopedia 2011. Chicago: World Book, 2011. 608-21. Print.
"Watch Khoisan Languages Video." OVGuide. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. <http://www.ovguide.com/khoisan-languages-9202a8c04000641f8000000000023435>.