The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Advancing Biodiversity for Sustainable Food Security”
ABSTRACT BOOK VII
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
1 The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 Schedule I
2 Foreword - Rector Of Udayana University III
3 Foreword - Head, Master Degree Program In Biology, Udayana University
IV
4 Foreword by Professor Shetty, Professor at North Dakota State University (NDSU) and Founding Director of Global Institute of Food Security and International Agriculture (GIFSIA)
V
5 Preface-Chairman of The Organizing Committee VI
6 Table of Contents VII
KEYNOTE SPEAKER
1 Food and Microbiome Diversity to Address Global Food Security Challenge Kalidas Shetty
1
2 The Important Role of Small-Scale Farmers in Maintaining Biodiversity and Strengthening Local Food Security in Bali I Made Suparta Utama
1
3 Quorum Sensing Inhibitors: Microbial and Plant Sources Ravishankar Rai V
2
4 Food Grade Phytochemicals as Quorum Sensing Inhibitors, Anti-Biofilm Agents and Anti-Infectives Jamuna Bai A and Ravishankar Rai V
3
5 Functional Food Properties Of Fingerroot or Temukunci [Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.A] Yaya Rukayadi
4
6 Biodiversity – Its Contribution To Food Security And Sustainability Paul Bailey, Alicia Polakiewicz and Ni Luh Watiniasih
5
7
Integrated Model for The Village Development Through Women Technology Park (A Model for Rural Development) Deepthi J. Shetty, Smriti Rai, Dr. Prasad N. H., and Geetha Priyadarshini
5
8 The Challenges of Valuable Microbial Diversity in Indigenous Fermented Food Chartchai Khanongnuch
6
9 Anthocyanin Foods: From Lab Bench to Kitchen Table De-Xing HOU and Kozue SAKAO
7
10
Cell Surface Proteins of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains Isolated from Fermented Sumbawa Mare’s Milk Kenji Fukuda, Ni Putu Desy Aryantini, Keita Nishiyama, Daisuke Kondoh, Yuji Yamamoto, Takao Mukai, I Nengah Sujaya, and Tadasu Urashima
8
11 Microbial Diversity and Crop Productivity Reddy KRK
9
12 Utilization of Microbial Diversity in Food Technology Prathap Kumar Shetty
10
The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Advancing Biodiversity for Sustainable Food Security”
ABSTRACT BOOK VIII
ORAL
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
1
The Potency of Biomass and Carbon Stocks in Smallholder Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg), North Sumatera, Indonesia Muhdi, Diana Sofia Hanafiah, Evan Satria Saragiha, Frans Rinaldo Sipayung, and Frits Melky Sedek Situmorang
11
2
Invertebrates Diversity in Duyung Beach and Nyangnyang Beach: Comparison Study of Invertebrates Diversity of Two Beaches with Different Characteristic Buya Azmedia Istiqlal, I Wayan Kasa, and Deny Suhernawan Yusup
11
3 Wildlife Use of Lapua Community, Kaureh, Papua Henderina J. Keiluhu and Aditya Krishar Karim
12
4 Knowledge of The Sea Cucumber Diversity and Utilization in Coastal Tablasupa, Depapre, Jayapura Papua Puguh Sujarta and Suwarno Hadisusanto
12
5
Carrying Capacity of Lake Sentani for Aquaculture Based on Phosphorus Concentration Using The Cads_Tool (Cage Aquaculture Decision Support Tool) Software Ervina Indrayani, Aditya Krishar Karim, and Rustadi
13
6 Ecological Intelligence of Coastal Community on Biodiversity Conservation (Case Study of Bajau Coastal Communities, Gorontalo) Ramli Utina
13
7 The Potential of Fungal Endophytes from Potato Root and Tubers to Inhibit Potato Cyst Nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) Noor Istifadah, Maria Astriani and Toto Sunarto
14
8 Community Structure of Epifauna in the Post Seaweed Farming in Waters Kutuh District of South Kuta Badung Bali I.B.L Prabawa, I.W. Arthana and E.W. Suryaningtyas
15
9 The Ecological Impact of Sea Grass Beds Replacement Onto Sea Urchin, Tripneustes gratilla Linnaeus, 1758, at Serangan Island Bali Philpus Kristianto, Deny S. Yusup and Job Nico Subagio
15
10 Seasonal Energetics of the New Holland Honeyeater Near Hobart Tasmania Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma Yuni and R.W. Rose
16
11 Brood Size Variations of Trigona laeviceps Collected from Various Altitudes Ni Luh Watiniasih
16
12 The Utilization of Halymenia durvillaei to Support the Management of Eucheuma spinosum Sea Weed Farming in Geger Coastal Area, Bali I Komang Dianto, I WayanArthana , and Ni Made Ernawati
17
13 Resilience Corals Withstand After Bleaching Events at Mengiat Beach Water Job Nico Subagio and Pariama Hutasoit
17
The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Advancing Biodiversity for Sustainable Food Security”
ABSTRACT BOOK IX
PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
1 The Effect of Fermented Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in Diets of Egg Production and Egg Lipid Profile of Bali Duck T.G.BelawaYadnya
18
2 Investigation of Heavy Metal Plumbum (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in The Tissues of Cattle Maintained in Landfill, Denpasar I Ketut Berata and I Made Kardena
18
3 Effect of Heat Exposure on Dead Sperm and Pyriform Cell in Male New Zealand White (NZW) Rabbits I Wayan Kasa
19
4 Effects of Exposure Herbal Mosquito Coil Based on Permot Leaf Extract (Passiflora foetida) to The Quality of Mice Sperm Rina Priastini Susilowati
19
5
Variation of Maseration and Drying on Flavonoid Content of Some Antioxidant Plant in Pangandaran Conservation Site Nurul Fadhillah, Novita Tania, Rianty Simbolon, Salwa El Nisa, Zamita Amalia Safitri, and Sri Rahayu
20
6 Physicochemical Characteristic and Antioxidant Activities of The Coconut Pandan Oil (Pandanus julianettii Martelli.) Lisye Iriana Zebua and Vita Purnamasari
21
7 Myoglobin Content in Cardiac Muscle of Physical Exercise Induced Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Sri Rahayu, Rini Puspitaningrum, and Mohamad Sadikin
21
8 Growth of Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Bulbil Which Treated By Photoperiod Serafinah Indriyani and Wahyu Widoretno
22
9
Maceration and Drying Effect on Leaves Flavonoids of Some Antioxidant Plant in Pangandaran Sri Rahayu, Novita Tania, Zamita Amalia Safitri, Rianty Simbolon, Salwa El Nisa and Nurul Fadhillah
22
10
Liver Fibrosis Formation Induced By Niacin in Sub Chronic Consumption of Energy Drink Model Anindhita Dyah Sekartaji, Ngurah Agung Reza Satria Nugraha, Asis Fitriana, Fuad Adi Prasetyo, Hazmi Dwinanda Nurqistan, and Erma Sulistyaningsih
23
11
The Effect of Maximum Physical Activity and Manggong Bamboo (Gigantochloa manggong) Leaf Extract on Catalase Activity in Liver Organ of Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Supriyatin, Sri Rahayu, and Ririn Apriana
24
12 Potency of Beauveria bassiana and Sex Pheromone in Controlling Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an Important Pest of Onion Ria Nurmaya Sari, M. Taufik Fauzi, and Tarmizi
24
13 The Role of Different Farming Method on to the growth of Eucheuma cottoni at Geger Nusa Dua Beach Bali Eri Krismaningrum, Deny S. Yusup and Job Nico Subagio
25
The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Advancing Biodiversity for Sustainable Food Security”
ABSTRACT BOOK X
BIOTECNOLOGY, GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
1
Detection of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Yard Long Bean (Vigna sinensis L.) and Weeds I Putu Sudiarta, Trisna Agung Phabiola , I Gusti Putu Eka Saputra, I Dewa Nyoman Nyana and Gede Suastika
25
2 Five Loci Mutation Event of Three Balinese Generations Based on Autosomal Mikrosatellite DNA Marker Ayu Saka Laksmita, I Ketut Junitha, Ni Luh Watiniasih
26
3 DNA Profile of Oil Plam Clones Based on SSRMarkers Lollie Agustina P. Putri , M. Basyuni, Eva S. Bayu, and Dian Arvita
26
4
Sequences Analysis of a Gene Encoding Extracellular Xylanase in Streptomyces costaricanus 45I-3 Sipriyadi, Aris Tri Wahyudi, Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono, and Anja Meryandini
27
5 Expression of OsbZIP72 Gene in Bali Local Rice Under Drought Stress Made Pharmawati, Ni NyomanWirasiti, IGA SugiWahyuni
28
6 COCs Expansion in Medium Supplemented Follicular Fluid from Different Sized Follicles Sri Rahayu, Ali Haris, Gatot Ciptadi, and Aris Soewondo
28
7
Infection And Distribution Of Anisakis spp. Larvae On Sword Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) In Kedonganan Waters Nyoman Adi Suratma, I Wayan Yustisia Semarariana, Ida Bagus Made Oka, and Hapsari Mahatmi
29
8 Sugar Biosynthesis in Vanilla planifolia Plants and Phalaenopsis Seedlings after Application of Fertilizers I Gede Ketut Adiputra
29
9 Utilization Waste Industry of Tofu and Baker Yeast to Make Pollen Substitute for Honeybee RetnoWidowati and Harini Nurcahya Mariandayani
30
10
The Phytochemistry Profile of Raru (Vaticapauci flora Blume and Cotylelobium melanoxylon Pierre) and Its Potensial as Drugs of Diabetes Mellitus Marina Silalahi
31
11 Production of Xylitol from Agricultural Residues: A review Efri Mardawati
31
12
Comparative Studies on Antibacterial Activities of Fruit and Leaf Extract of Ficus lyrata WARB Dwi WahyudhaWira, EfriMardawati, Mohammad Djali, and Roostita L. Balia
32
13
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Activity of Anthocyanin from Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Ni Made Pitri Susanti, Ni Putu Linda Laksmiani, I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta, Ni Kadek Ayu Sandra Dewi, Mitsue Oka, Wayan Eka Heltyani, and I Gde Pande Anindhita Putra Wicaksana
32
The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Advancing Biodiversity for Sustainable Food Security”
ABSTRACT BOOK XI
HEALTH AND MICROBIOLOGY
1 Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus From Methanol Extract of Mangosteen Rind (Garcinia mangostana L.) Ketut Widyani Astuti and Ni Putu Ayu Dewi Wijayanti
33
2
Antagonistic Activity of Salacca zalacca Peel Against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Methicillin-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 Putu Agastya Satryana, Gek Marlathasia Aswania, and Ni Nengah Dwi Fatmawati
33
3 The Potential of Honeycomb From Wild Bee Mochammad Junus
34
4 Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Kimchi with Aview for Development of Probiotic Potential Agestiawan I.G.A.M. , Ramona Y., and Swastini D.A.
34
5
Mechanisms of Antibiotic filtrate Streptomyces thermocarboxydus against Fusarium oxysporum F020 Ultrasructure through Scanning Electron Microscope and Transmission Electron Microscope Retno Kawuri
35
6
Detection of Antibacterial Compound of Piper betle L. Purified Extract Againts Propionibacterium acnes by Bioautography Ni Luh Putu Vidya Paramita, Ni Wayan Budiningrum, Anak Agung Gede Rai Yadnya Putra, Putu Sanna Yustiantara, and I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta
36
7
Identification of Antagonists Isolated from Rhizosphere Zone of Watermelon Farm at West Sanur Village Bali to Fight Fusarium oxysporum infection A.A. Ngurah Nara-Kusuma, Yan Ramona, and Meitini Wahyuni Proborini
36
8 Role of Native Mycorrhizae Gigaspora, Acaulospora and Glomus sp. on the Growth of Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) Seedlings Meitini Wahyuni Proborini
37
9 Seafood Culinary Safety: A Preliminary Study in Badung, Bali Luh Putu T. Darmayanti, N.L. Ari Yusasrini, and IDG. Mayun Permana
38
10 Microbial Contamination in Traditional Food Processing Pedetan Ni Made Ayu Suardani Singapurwa, A.A. Made Semariyani, and Putu Candra
38
11 Analysis of Total Microbial Fresh Vegetables in Styrofoam Box With Ice Cooling Technique During Storage Ida Ayu Rina Pratiwi Pudja and Pande Ketut Diah Kencana
39
12
Bioactivity of Antibacterial Compounds Isolated from Endophytic Actinomycetes Neesia altissima Bl. Rina Hidayati Pratiwi, Wibowo Mangunwardoyo, and Rosa Dewi Pratiwi
39
13 Copper Hair Level on Children with HIV/AIDS Niruri R, Wati K.D.K, Oktavianti K.A.D, and Cahyani M.R
40
The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Advancing Biodiversity for Sustainable Food Security”
ABSTRACT BOOK XII
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
1
Utilization of Biomol and Tea Compost Solution Fermented by The Fungus Trichoderma spp. on The Growth of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Dry Land Zurriyatun Solihah, I Made Sudantha, and M. Taufik Fauzi
40
2
Effect of Application Dosage Biokompos and Biochar Fermentation Results of Trichoderma spp. and Fumigasi on The Growth and Results of Soybean Plant in The Entisol Land West Lombok Sardian, I Made Sudantha, and Suwardji
41
3
Roles of Bioactivator and Biochar Application Methods That Has Contained Trichoderma spp. to Growth and Biomass Production of Soybean Influencing in Entisol Lombok Barat Saipul Kamal, I Made Sudantha, and Suwardji
41
4 An Economical and Eco-Friendly Growth Media for Edible Mushroom Pleurotusostreatus Made of Coconut Waste Margaretta Christita and Ady Suryawan
42
5
Determining an Optimal Isolation Method of Carrageenan From Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty That Meets Fao Standards Wijayanti N.P.A.D., Putra I.G.N.A.D., Laksmiani N.P.L., and Astuti K.W
42
6 The Impact of Indonesian Terasi in The Beef Consommé, A Sensory Assessment Mery Tambaria Damanik Ambarita
43
7 The Improvement of Food Quality and Safety of Fish Skin Crackers in Serangan Bali Darmadi N.M, D.G.Semara E., and I M.Kawan
44
8
The Role of Bio-Activator to Improve Quality and Productivity of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Granola Variety Yohanes Setiyo, I.B.P Gunadnya, IGA Lani Triani, KB. Susrusa, Dewa Gede Mayun Permana and IBW Gunam
44
9
Manipulation of Apical Dominance to Increase Stem Number and Tuberisation in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties Atlantic and Granola Ni Luh Arpiwi, Julie A Plummer, and Ian R. McPharlin
45
10 Optimization of pH and Quantity of Solvent in The Extraction of Cocoa Rind Pectin I Nengah Kencana Putra, Ni WayanWisaniyasa, and Sutomo Sinaga
46
11 Less Frequently Consumed Fauna in Recent Balinese Generation’s Diet Anak Agung Gde Raka Dalem
46
12
Characterization of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Rimba Jaya Village Merauke Regency Amelia Agustina Limbongan, Diana Sri Susanti and Dimpu Parulian Siagian
47
13 Physical, Chemical and Biological Potential Hazard Identification of Slaughter House and Chicken Nuggets Production Process Raynard C. Sanito
48
The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Advancing Biodiversity for Sustainable Food Security”
ABSTRACT BOOK XIII
POSTER
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
1 Morphological Diversity of Local Corn Variety in Lakekun Village, Kobalima District, Malaka Regency, East of Nusa Tenggara Province Uslan, Nur R. Adawiyah Mahmud, and Margaretha Seuk Kiik
48
2 Content of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) of The Bivalve from Serangan Coastline, Bali Gede Surya Indrawan, WayanArthana, and Deny SuhernawanYusup
49
3 Biological Aspects and Family Relationships of Local Rice (Oryza sativa L. ) in Wongaya Gede Village, Penebel, Tabanan Regency, Bali Gusti Ayu Budiwati, Ida Ayu Astarini, and Eniek Kriswiyanti
49
4 Diversity of Seed Traits and Oil Content of Hazel Sterculia (Sterculia foetida L) in Bali Midel. D.W. Ndolu and Ni Luh Arpiwi
50
5 Seeds Traits and Oil Content of Non-Food Plants from Serangan Island, Bali Ramdhoani, Ni Luh Arpiwi, and Eniek Kriswiyanti
50
6 The Characteristics of Dried Vegetables Tabah Bamboo Shoots (Gigantochloa nigrociliata Kurz) Pande Ketut Diah Kencana
51
7
Insect Community Structure and Distribution Coccinellidae on Chili Monoculture and Intercropping Lindung Tri Puspasari, Reti Fitriawati, Tarkus Suganda and Danar Dono
51
8 Begonia Edible Plants and Conservation in Bali Botanic Garden NKE. Undaharta and IG. Wawan Setiadi
52
9
Quality of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Made From Dairy Cow Feces Based on Extraction Concentrations Tubagus Benito Ahmad Kurnani, Hidayati Y.A., Marlina E.T., and Badruzzaman, D.Z.
52
PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
1
The Effect of Normal Dose Extract Gempur Batu Keji Beling ( Strobilanthus crispus BL) to the Level of Haemoglobin and Number of Leucocyte on Female Rat Yoni Astuti and Ali Usodo Mulyo
53
2
Effect of Antifibriotic Isolate Tagitinin C of Kembang Bulan ( Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray) on Keloid Fibroblast Cell Imaniar Ranti, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, and Yohannes Widodo Wirohadidjojo
53
3 The Effect of Diet Containing Different Dragon Fruit Peel Meal Fermentation for Productivity of Broilers Ira Astuti, I M Mastika, and G.A.M. Kristina Dewi
54
4 Productivity of Broilers Give Ration Containing Different Levels Oil Sludge Fermentation Reky Fitro, I M.Mastika, and G.A.M.Kristina Dewi
55
The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Advancing Biodiversity for Sustainable Food Security”
ABSTRACT BOOK XIV
5
Diameter of Seminiferous Tubular and Consumption of Feed of Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Fed Soaked Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) Leaves Meal A.A. Istri Mas Padmiswari, Ngr. Intan Wiratmini, and I Wayan Kasa
55
6 Apoptosis Induction of Quercetin Derivatives in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Kozue Sakao and De-Xing Hou
56
7 Effect of Addition Spirulina fusiformis Powder in Diet to Enhance Color Brightness of Koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) Desak Made Malini., Tri Dewi K.P., and Resty Agustin
57
8
Fungal Pathogenicity and Profile Cuticle Damage Caused by Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae Infection to Oxya japonica (Orthoptera: Acrididae) Melanie, Tjandra Anggraeni, Wardono Niloperbowo, and Nining Ratningsih
57
9
Evaluation of Gelling Agent on Physical and Chemical Properties of Peel-off Gel Mask Extract of Mangosteen Pericarp Pawitri P.M.D.A.H., Eni Z., Harfa P.R., Widiastari M.I., Striratna R.L.A.C., and Wijayanti N.P.A.D.
58
10 Identification of Active Compounds Contained in Pletekan (Ruellia tuberosa L.) Leaves Using Gc-Ms Analysis Ida Ayu Nopiari, Ni Putu Adriani Astiti, and Ngurah Intan Wiratmini
59
11
Effect of Humectan Type and Concentration Towards Physical and Chemical Properties of Mangosteen Peel Extract Gel Dewa Ayu Ferianta Sari, Luh Ade Dyah Tantri Lestari, Ni Luh Ayu Putu Shaine Purnamadewi, I Gede Pradnyana Putra, Ni Wayan Galung Aryani, and Ni Putu Ayu Dewi Wijayanti
59
12 The Ontogeny of Padma Coconut Fruit (Cocos nucifera L.) in Bali Eniek Kriswiyanti and I Ketut Junitha
60
13 The Effect of Neem Formula 50 EC in Suppressing Powdery Mildew Diseases on Soybean Rika Meliansyah, Danar Dono, and Lindung Tri Puspasari
60
14 Bioethanol Production Using Cellulase Pretreated Gracilaria sp. as The Raw Material Yuliana Anaawang, Ni Luh Arpiwi, and Yenni Ciawi
61
15 Levels of Profenofos Resistance of Crocidolomia pavonana and Its Susceptibility to Azadirachta indica Seed Extract Danar Dono, Yogas Dwi Pratiwi, Safri Ishmayana, and Djoko Prijono
61
16 Antioxidant Effect of Goroho Plantain Flours in Diabetic Rats Fransisca Romana T.S., Muliasari Kartikawati, and Prasetyon Sepsi Winarno
62
17
Histology Of Testes Seminiferous Tubules Of Young Male Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Fed With Calliandra Leaf And Pineapple Peels Iriani Setyawati, I Gusti Ngurah Agung Dewantara Putra, and Ni Gusti Ketut Roni
63
18 Zn and Fe Micronutrients Content in Local Rice Cultivar Grown at Jatiluwih Village, Tabanan Regency, Bali-Indonesia MR Defiani and IA Astarini
63
The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Advancing Biodiversity for Sustainable Food Security”
ABSTRACT BOOK XV
19 Analysis of Phenolic Compound In Teak Leaves (Tectona grandis L.) Extracted With Different Composition Times Ni Putu Adriani Astiti
64
20
The Effect of Offered Fermented Rice Hull in Ration Supplemented with Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaf on Lipid Profile of Duck Meat T.G.Oka Susila, TG.Belawa Yadnya and Ni Gusti Ketut Roni
64
21 Bioactive Substance Use of Leaf Extract of Piper caninum Pressing for Disease in Rice Blas by In-Vivo Ni Luh Suriani
65
22
Identification of Active Compounds Leaf Extract of Awar-Awar( Ficus septica Brum.F .) and Test Effectiveness Against Colletotrichum Acutatum Sang Ketut Sudirga
65
BIOTECHNOLOGY, GENETIC AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
1 The -344T/C Polymorphism of Aldosterone Synthase Gene and Plasma Aldosterone Level in Individuals with Family History of Hypertension Ika Setyawati, Sunarti, and Pramudji Hastuti
66
2
Gene Action for Agronomy Characters in Segregating Generation (M2) of Soybean [Glycine max (L.)Merr.] Diana Sofia Hanafiah, Ratna Rosanty Lahay, Irdasafni, Eva S. Bayu, and Isman Nuriadi
67
3
In Silico Probe Design for Mutation Detection in KatG Gene of Mdr-Tuberculosis Clinical Isolates Kadek Widya Yulihartati, Putu Sanna Yustiantara, and Sagung Chandra Yowani
67
4 Potential of Livestock Manure for Coal Activation Ellin Harlia, Marlina E.T., Masita R., and Rahmah K.N.
68
HEALTH AND MICROBIOLOGY
1 Isolation, Screening, and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Antagonistic Against Candida albicans Ida Ayu Ketut Ariningsih, Yan Ramona, and Nyoman Semadi Antara
68
2
Production of Xylanase Enzyme Use Broth of Chicken Intestine and Rice Water as Growth Medium for Bacillus sp. Ach. Haris Efendy, Ardian Lubis, Beny Akhmat Saputra, Nora Dwi Saputri, and A.A. I. Ratnadewi
69
3
Utilization of Streptomyces sp. as Biological Control of Vibriosis Disease in Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)) Ni Wayan Desi Bintari, Retno Kawuri, and Anak Agung Gde Raka Dalem
70
4
Difference Antibacterial Activity Between Extract Methanol, Ethanol And Etyl Acetat From Mangosteen Epicarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) Against Acne Bacterial (Propionibacterium acne) Dewa Gede Anom Anjasmara, Ni Putu Eka Fitri, Dyah Aryani Sartika, Ni Putu Puri, Ni Putu Ayu Dewi Wijayanti, and Putu Sanna Yustiantara
70
The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Advancing Biodiversity for Sustainable Food Security”
ABSTRACT BOOK XVI
5
Persistance of Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. F213 in Human Gastrointestinal Tract after a Week of Washed Out Period I N Sujaya, I DM Sukrama, Y Ramona, KA Nocianitri, T Sone, and K Asano
71
6
Molecular Identification of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Ayam Betutu and Its Resistance to Low pH and Spices Ni Putu Ayu Oktafia Santi, Ni Ketut Candra Putri, and I Nengah Sujaya
72
7
Characterization of Lactobacilli Isolated from Fermented Sumbawa Mare Milk to Produce Fermented Milk and Their Molecular K.A. Nocianitri, I G.A. Kusuma Dewi, I G.N.A. Dewantara Putra, T. Shi, N.P.D. Aryantini, Y. Ramona, T. Urashima, K. Fukuda, and I.N. Sujaya
73
8 Identification of Heavy Metals Plumbum (Pb) in Edible Offal Ellin Harlia, Roostita L.Balia, and Denny Suryanto
74
9 Review of Normometabolic Excellent Antioxidant from Raw Tempeh to Prevent Atherosclerosis I Gusti Ayu Ari Agung
74
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
1 Innovation of Model Processing of the Local Food Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) from Papua Linus Yhani Chrystomo, I Made Budi, and Aditya Krishar Karim
75
2 Determination of Pelleting Technique and Pellet Formulation of Rice Seed Anak Agung Keswari Krisnandika, Eny Widajati, and Wawan Hermawan
75
3
The Application of Benzyl Adenine (BA) and Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) Combinations on Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Var. Earlybrite) micropropagation Tia Setiawati, Linda Anggraini, and Ruly Budiono
76
4 Local Organic Rice Bran and Its Development as Functional Food Muliasari Kartikawati, Fransisca Romana, Titis Suniati, and Matthew Lantz Blaylock
76
5 Effect of Cinnamon Leaf Extract Formula (Cinnamomum burmanni Blume) on Fusarium Wild that Aattacks Tomato Plants in Bali Anak Agung Ketut Darmadi, I Ketut Ginantra, and Martin Joni
77
6
The Quality of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Dairy Cattle Waste to Support Sustainable Food Security Yuli Astuti Hidayati, Kurnani T.B.A, Marlina E.T., and Badruzzaman D.Z.
78
7 Effectiveness of Pineapple Waste as Natural Disinfectant in Milk Cans Eulis Tanti Marlina, Yuli Astuti Hidayati, and Ellin Harlia
78
8 Potato Farming at Bedugul Region, Bali, Indonesia Ida Ayu Astarini, Debora Margareth, Putu Wina Andriani Lestari, and Made Ria Defiani
79
9 Integrating Corn Agro-Industry System Through System Thinking Approach Devi Maulida Rahmah
79
The International Conference on Biosciences 2016 “Advancing Biodiversity for Sustainable Food Security”
KEYNOTE SPEAKER
BIODIVERSITY – ITS CONTRIBUTION TO FOOD SECURITY
AND SUSTAINABILITY
Paul Bailey1, Alicia Polakiewicz2 and Ni Luh Watiniasih3
1RMIT University and Monash University, Melbourne Australia; (retired) 2 Eltham Medical,
Melbourne Australia; 3 Udayana University, Bali
ABSTRACT
The world population is estimated to reach nine billion by 2050. In terms of food
availability, global food production will need to rise by about 60 percent. However,
numerous global challenges are affecting the way agricultural production needs to be
addressed, today and in the future. In this presentation we initially examine examples of such
global challenges including, population increases, land-use changes, resource consumption,
and an increasing trend towards consumption of animal protein. We next discuss some
important consequences of these factors in terms of (a), changing global poverty and human
health, (b) land degradation, decline in ecosystem services and climate change, and (c)
implications for biodiversity. Agricultural production systems need to focus more on the
effective conservation and management of biodiversity and ecosystem services in order to
address the twin objectives of environmental sustainability and food security. Understanding
and enhancing the role of biodiversity and the genetic resources and ecosystem functions it
conveys is essential. Biodiversity underpins to food security, sustainable livelihoods,
ecosystem resilience, coping strategies for climate change, adequate nutritional
requirements, insurance for the future and the management of biological processes needed
for sustainable agricultural production. In our final section of this presentation we discuss a
few ways in which biodiversity for food and agriculture is being used to improve agricultural
production. The aim here is not to provide an exhaustive description of all possible ways in
which biodiversity can/will need to be used to improve agricultural production and food
security goals, rather to illustrate the possibilities, highlight some of the approaches that
already exist, provide a basis for exploring further opportunities and identify areas where
research is likely to bring particular benefits.
Keywords: agriculture, production system, land degradation
ABSTRACT BOOK 5
Biodiversity – Its contribution to food security and sustainability
Paul Bailey1, Alicia Polakiewicz2 and Ni Luh Watiniasih3
1RMIT and Monash Universities, Melbourne Australia; (retired), 2 Eltham Medical Centre, Melbourne Australia;
3Udayana University, Bali
By 2050……………..
Human wellbeing indicators: health Evolution of life expectancy at birth in the world by level of
development 1950-
1955
1960-
1965
1970-
1975
1980-
1985
1990-
1995
2000-
2005
2005-
2010
Developed
countries
66 69.8 71.3 72.9 74.1 75.8 77.1
Developing
countries
41.7 48.6 56.6 61 63.9 66.6 67.7
Poorest
countries
36.4 40.6 44.4 48 50.4 54 55.9
WORLD 46.6 52.4 58.4 61.7 64 66.4 67.6
Source: United Nations Population Division
Infant mortality rates have significantly improved in all regions of the world
Global life expectancy has increased by 50% since 1950 to 70 years
Consequences: population
Progress in agronomy The Green Revolution: Synthetic nitrogen fertilisers, pesticides, modern irrigation techniques
Global food production is 3x what it was in 1950. The world produces 30% more calories per person than in 1960 Scientific breeding
& agronomy
Knowledge Development Pedigree selection
Human wellbeing indicators: wealth
Real GDP per Capita (in 2000 USD’s)
World distribution of Annual Income (USD)
$1/d poverty line
$1.25/day poverty line
Source: Sala-i-Martin & Pinkovskiy (2010)
The consequences: land use change • More land was converted to cropland in the 30 years after 1950 than in the 150 years between 1700 and 1850 • In 2000 cultivated systems covered 25% of Earth’s terrestrial surface
• 20% of the world’s pasture and rangelands have been damaged • An estimated ~25% of all usable land is degraded • 580 mill ha of forests have been degraded by logging and clearance, almost half of this since 1975
Sources: UNEP/ISRIC & Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, UNEP
The consequences: resource consumption
The consequences: ecosystems
Forest cover degradation, Borneo
Forests Seas
1950
2006
Fisheries expansion as expressed by PPR, the Primary Production Required to generate the catch of fisheries as a
proportion of local primary production
Extinction numbers
0% 30%
(Swartz et al. 2010)
2006
The consequences: emissions
Carbon dioxide emissions (in million metric tons carbon)
60% of the increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide since 1750 has taken place since 1959
Legacy of the 20th Century There is less poverty, but more food inequality ~ 1.3 bn still live below the poverty line ($1.25/day) 1 in 4 children worldwide are stunted In 2008, 35% of the world population was overweight, and 29% was micronutrient deficient
Industrialisation, urbanisation and globalisation have led to significant gas emissions
Increasing pressure on major natural and physical resources We are more informed than ever before
To a large extent, the early 21st century is already determined
• The global community will have to contend with a number of significant challenges. • Consumption will increase with prosperity
Demographic momentum – An extra billion people by 2025
Urbanisation: Global urban:rural ratio ~ 55% by 2025
Alemao Shanty Town, Brazil • Brazil is forecasted to have 90% urbanisation by 2020 • 33% of the world’s urban population live in slums • The world’s cities emit almost 80% of global CO2
Climate change: GHGs in the atmosphere NOW will drive Changes up to 2030
Global population predictions
Predicted population growth by region to 2100 Of the extra 2 bn people added in the 30 years from 2011, ~ 1 bn will be born in Africa and 0.9 in Asia
Urban Agglomerations
1960
Percent of urban population and agglomeration by size class
Urban Agglomerations in 2025
The changing global poverty landscape and rise of the global middle class
Increase in number of households with daily expenditures of $10-100 (as % change per region)
Numbers of individuals living Below $1.25/day
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal
Observed globally averaged combined land & ocean surface temperature anomaly 1850-2012
‘Since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. The atmosphere and oceans have warmed, amounts of snow and ice have diminished, sea level has risen and concentrations of GHGs have increased’ (IPCC WGI 2013)
Warming is not the only indicator of climate change
(b)
(Source: IPCC WGI 2013)
Number of earthquakes of different magnitudes 1900-2010
Biodiversity status (ICUN 2007) & Update 2014
Critically endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
Monstersky 2014, Life – a status update, Nature 516, 159-161
26%
13%
41%
% of described species under threat of extinction
Many species remain undescribed therefore conservation status unknown
Estimates of current extinction rates vary from 10 to 690 extinctions per week
Predicted
Described
Main threats to animal populations
How can we conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services while feeding the world?
Livestock production • The world’s largest user of land • Set to grow 1.4% per year to 2030 and 0.9% per year from 2030-2050
World (meat production)
2005/07 2050
Cattle & buffaloes 1 532 2 032
Sheep & goats 1 915 2 939
Pigs 917 1 141
Poultry 19 160 37 030
Developed countries
Cattle & buffaloes 318 320
Sheep & goats 389 460
Pigs 288 294
Poultry 5 239 7 212
Developing countries
Cattle & buffaloes 1 215 1 712
Sheep & goats 1 526 2 478
Pigs 629 846
Poultry 13 921 29 817
In terms of meat production ….
Number of animals (million)
Increases in grazing animals to 2050
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
World Developed countries Developing countires
2005/07
2050
Nu
mb
er o
f an
imal
s (m
illio
ns)
Cattle & buffaloes
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
World Developed countries Developingcountries
2005/07
2050
Nu
mb
er o
f an
imal
s (m
illio
ns)
Sheep & goats
Crop production Arable land expansion Increases in cropping intensity
Yield increases
1961-2007 2005/07 - 2050
1961-2007 2005/07 - 2050
1961-2007 2005/07 - 2050
All developing countries
23 21 8 6 70 73
Sub-Saharan Africa
31 20 31 6 38 74
Near East North Africa
17 0 22 20 62 80
Latin America & the Caribbean
40 40 7 7 53 53
South Asia 6 6 12 2 82 92
East Asia 28 0 -6 15 77 85
World 14 10 9 10 77 80
Sources of growth in crop production (percent)
Higher cropping intensities + yield increases will together contribute 90% to global growth in crop production to 2050
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
World Developed countries Developing countries
2005/07
2050
Crop production
Land expansion will account For the remaining 10%
Source: FAO, World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050: The 2012 revision
Use of biodiversity for food and agriculture
• Wide and varied range of agricultural practices that achieve the aim of improving system production in sustainable ways using biologically-based approaches.
• These usually involve improving the use of biodiversity for food and agriculture, combining inter- and intraspecific diversity in ways that increase production, resilience and ecosystem function.
• They generally deliver improved returns for farmers, better ecosystem services and, often, increased production of higher-quality products.
• They illustrate the potential value of agricultural biodiversity and suggest entry points for the development of further improvements.
• Ongoing research in some of these areas has already provided evidence of further potential sustainable production gains that can improve food security and help cope with climate change.
In this following section...
• Describe a few of the ways biodiversity for improved agricultural production are described
• Aim: not to describe exhaustive description of all possible ways biodiversity can/will be used
• Rather........
– Illustrate possibilities
– Highlight some approaches that already exist
– Provide basis for exploring further possibilities
– Identify some areas for future research
Discuss 3 topics briefly
1. Benefits of diversity & multispecies approaches
2. Soil fertility
3. Pest control
1. Benefits of diversity & multispecies approach
• Crop and livestock systems are part of a larger landscape
• Wild species are needed for agriculture. For example – Pollinator species
– Crop wild relatives
– Soil biota
• Use of multi-species is one strategy to improve productivity and provide buffer against climatic adversities
1.1 Aquatic systems – species combinations
Cambodia
• Amblypharyngodon mola with commercial carp increased pond production by 30% plus
• adding to supplementary income by 15 – 35%
Aquatic systems – species combinations
• Self-recruiting species also add significantly
– Channa, Clarias & Anabas species contribute more than 40% of total household catch by weight in Cambodia
Diversification of fish spp. in aquaculture enhances
resource use efficiency and reduces waste
For example - Four types of carp are commonly raised in ponds in China
Bighead carp – filters zooplankton
Common carp – omnivorous bottom feeder
Silver carp – filters phytoplankton Grass carp – plant- eating microorganisms
1.2 Patches of wild vegetation
• Shelter and habitat or beneficial wild fauna that contributes to pest control, soil enrichment and pollination
• Dairy farms in Monteverde, Costa Rica
– Included 190 plant species, 90% know to provide shelter for birds and insects
– Provide timber (37%, firewood (36%) fence posts (20%) (
Patches of wild vegetation
• Cacao and coffee systems in Brazil (Robbins et al. 1993)
Provides spacial resources for pest-feeding birds
Pollinator management •Pollinators are essential for orchard, agricultural crop, horticultural crop and forage production and production of seed for many root and fibre crops •Pollinators such as bees, birds, and bats affect 35 percent of the world’s crop production •Increasing outputs of 87 of the leading food crops worldwide •Food security, food diversity, human nutrition and food prices all rely strongly on animal pollinators •The consequences of pollinator declines are likely to impact the production and costs of vitamin-rich crops like fruit and vegetables, leading to increasingly unbalanced diets and health problems
World Crop Pollinators Bees 57%
Flies 19%
Bats 6.5%
Beetles 5%
Wasps 5%
Birds 4%
Butterflies and moths 4%
Pollinator management
• Good practice occurs at a variety of scales:
• Field: – Minimizing farm chemicals / alternatives to
agrochemicals
– Integrated pest management / set-aside area
• Farm: – Conserving diverse cropping patterns by
combining mixed cropping, including cover crops, kitchen gardens and agroforestry systems
Pollinator management
• Lanscape level
– Maintenance of vegetation in close proximity to farmland
– Provide flowering, shelter and nesting resources for pollinators
2. Soil fertility
• Soil biodiversity essential for nutrient flow processes at all scales
• Soil food webs are extremely intricate and ramified
• Biodiversity is strongly influenced by management practices such as tillage, crop combinations, organic matter inputs and applications of fertilizers and pesticides
• Management practices that use ecological-based approaches nurture soil biodiversity
• Produces positive cascade effects on efficiency and productivity for the entire system
Soil fertility: organic agriculture (OA) – concept of ‘feeding the soil, not the crop
• Under OA
– 40% increase in biomass of root symbioses
– 130-320% increase in decomposition
– 200% increase in biodiversity and abundance of soil arthropods
• However – 20% decrease in yield per plot
• However:
– 30-54% reduction in nutrient inputs
– 97% reduction in pesticide use
• Organic plots exhibited increases of 10-60%
– nutrient-use efficiency
– Soil fertility
– Phosphorus cycling
Under stressful conditions organic crops tend to react better
Organic soybean yield
• 2.5 t/ha
• 2.3 t/ha
• 2.8 t/ha
Conventionally grown soybeans
• 1.02 t/ha
• 0.8 t/ha
• 1.2 t/ha
Drought years 1999 and 2000
Sources: Mader et al. 2002; Rodale Institute 1999
OPPORTUNITY: Rural agriculture practices
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Designed to benefit farmers with small holdings Increases productivity by maximising management practices not inputs. Benefits seen in over 40 countries • 100 per cent increase in yield • 90 per cent reduction in seed • 50 per cent water saving
Under-utilised edible plant diversity • 12 crops provide 80% of the plant food consumed globally • Yet 30,000+ species are known to be edible • 7000 edible species are semi-domesticated • More than a billion people rely on such plant diversity for part of their daily diet Conservation & sustainable utilisation
of yam wild relatives inMadagascar
3. Pest control
• Diversity in the form of
– Intraspecific genetic diversity
– Mixed cropping systems
– Landscape heterogeneity (at larger scale)
• Increases resilience of the agro-ecosystem
• Contributes to more effective pest control
• Improves/Increases production and productivity sustainability
Pest - Potato Tuber moth
Phthorimaea operculella
Solanaceous spp.
Larvae and leaf damage
Larva with tuber damage
Pest control: Bio-control
Copidosoma
Leaf hairs on potato plants
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Agria Kennebec Potiac Desire
Hairs (no/mm2)
% parasitism
% r
ate
of
par
asit
ism
Potato cultivars
Cultivars grown together
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Agria Kennebec Potiac Desire
Monoculture
Polyculture
% p
aras
itis
m
Apanteles sp.
Orgulus sp.
Significant knowledge gap •Converting forest into farms significantly alters the biophysical environment • Yield declines are raising concerns that ecosystem limits might have been reached and exceeded • Climate change is likely to exacerbate these effects • Knowledge about these interrelationships remains poor
The Changing Global Balance
Africa in 2030: 1.6bn people, 800m of working age Europe in 2030: 700m people, 460m of working age Asia in 2030: 4.9bn people, 3.3bn of working age