THE IMPACT OF MUD VULCANO
AT PORONG DISTRICTSIDOARJO REGENCY
EAST JAVAINDONESIA
Prof.Dr.H.J.MUKONO, dr.,MS.,MPH.FACULTY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
AIRLANGGA UNIVERSITYSURABAYA - INDONESIA
• MORE THAN 2 YEARS MUD VULCANO EMITED DO NOT STOP
• THE MUD VULCANO WICH IN 400 Ha WOULD BE ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH DISOSDER• THE MUD VULCANOS IMPACT S, SUCH AS:
1. SOCIAL-ECONOMICAL IMPACT 2. HEALTH IMPACT (ACUTE & CHRONIC)
3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
• HEALTH IMPACT CAUSED BY MANY FACTORS:1. PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL FACORS
2. AIR AND WATER POLLUTANT
• SOLID VULCANO, CAN BE USED FOR: 1.PAVING STONE
2.ROOF 3.MIXED HOT ASPALT
4.BATAKO 5.CERAMIC MATERIAL
Jatirejo Barat
Ketapang
Glagaharum
Mindi
Siring Barat
Plumbon
Gedang
Pamotan
Kedungbendo
Gempolsari
IMPACT AREA MAPNATIONAL PSLS TEAM22 MARCH 2007
Hot mud swells out from the Indonesian gas well.
ACTIVITIES EXPLORATION OF WELLS
OIL / GASHOT MUT FLOW
HOT MUD/WATER GAS*TEMPERATURE 38 – 56 O C *GAS
EMETED FROM EARTH *LOST OF FERTILIZED LAND FROM FOSIL MANY YEARS
AGO LOST OF MICRO FLORA/FAUNA , CAUSED BY (HC,
H2S,NH3,NO2,SO4 GAS) MERCAPTAN*CONTAIN GAS H2S (ANAEROBIC)*H2S + O2 H2SO4 pH DECREASED*WATER QUALITY : PHENOL (3,37-4,25 mg/L) BOD 3.840 mg/L ( SANDART 150 mg/L) COD 8.000 – 24.000 mg/L ( STANDART 300 mg/L)
MICROORGANISM WILL BE DEATH.
GAS EMITIONGAS EMITION CONCENTRATION
ESPECIALLY AT 3 LOCATION :
1. Desa Siring Barat (RT1,2,3,12) 2. Desa Jatirejo Barat (RT1, 2) 3. Desa Mindi (RT10, 13, 15)
HC (21000 – 441200) ppm IS HIGHER THAN STANDARD (5000 ppm), DECREASED AIR QUALITY
According to : DECRE OF STATE MINISTER ENVIRONMENT
No: 129 / 2003
AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS WERE DETECTED:SO2 CO2 O3
NO2 NH3 H2S PHENOLDEBU
WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS WERE DETECTED:BOD COD DO Ph PHENOL F
PO4 Cl Cu Fe MnZn Cd Pb Co SO4
AIR QUALITY PARAMETER DETECTED
HIGHER THAN STANDARD
GAS NH3 : 3,198 ug/Nm3STANDARD : 2 ug/Nm3
PARAMETER SOLID MUD VULCANO DETECTED
HIGHER THAN STANDARD , THAT ARE :
Cu MIN : 10,992 and MAX: 20,688 (STD = 10 mg/L) Cr MIN : 5,158 and MAX: 10,264 (STD = 5 mg/L)Pb MIN : 6,204 and MAX: 13,276 (STD = 5 mg/L)
WARNING AT THE MUD VULCANO AREA
IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT •LAND DICENDENT•LAND DISORDERS
•INFRA STRUCTUR DISORDER•LAND QUALITY DISORDER
•BUILDING DISORDER•PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTUR
DISORDER
A worker cleans his belongings near a storage area flooded by hot mud leaked from an oil and gas exploration well operated by Indonesian company Lapindo Brantas in Sidoarjo
LAND SUBSIDENCE
1. Desa Siring Barat (RT1,2,3,12): LAND SUBSIDENCE 60-100 cm.
2. Desa Jatirejo Barat (RT1,2): LAND SUBSIDENCE 30-60cm.
3. Desa Mindi (RT10,13,15): LAND SUBSIDENCE : 30-40cm.
4. PART OF Desa Mindi dan OTHER 6 Desa LAND SUBSIDENCE 10 cm.
LAND SUBSIDENCE ARROUNTLAND SUBSIDENCE ARROUNT 30-100CM WILL BE GIVEN NEGATIVE30-100CM WILL BE GIVEN NEGATIVE
IMPACT TO THE BUILDINGIMPACT TO THE BUILDING
IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT
CHEMICALWATER QUALITY
DISORDER
AIR QUALITY DISORDER
WATER QUALITY PARAMETER DETECTED MORE THAN NORMAL
THAT IS :PHENOL MIN : 0,01 MAX : 26,50 ( BM = 0,001
mg/L)Zn MIN : 0,01 MAX : 1,89 ( BM = 0,05
mg/L )Cu MIN : 0,07 MAX : 0,12 ( BM = 0,02
mg/L )Cr MIN : 0,09 MAX : 0,18 ( BM = 0,05
mg/L )
MUD VOLANO AND SMOKE Photo: Doc. suarasurabaya.net
Men carry equipment through the mud
IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT
BIOLOGY•FLORA DISORDER•FAUNA DISORDER
•SOIL MICROORGANISM
DISORDER
FLORA DISORDERPhoto by SIGIT PAMUNGKAS
CONDITION OF IMPACTED AREA
SYMPTOM OF COMMUNITY LOCATED IN THE IMPACTED AREA , SUCH AS CAUSED BY AIR POLLUTION (GAS) , WATER POLLUTION AND HEALTH DISORDER.
IMPACTED AREA IS DANGEROUS (DESCENDENT 30CM – 60 CM) AND NOT COMPORTABLE FOR LIVE.
WALLS BUILDING BROKEN
IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT
HEALT PHYSICAL IMPACT
ACUTECHRONIC
PSYCHOSOMATISEMOTION
FRUSTRATION
THE KINDS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT
BECAUSE OF AIR POLLUTION RELATED TO ODOR
BECAUSE OF WATER POLLUTION RELATED TO THE WATER FUNCTION.
BECAUSE OF MUD VULCANO AND BUBLE RELATED TO FLOOD
AIR POLLUTION IMPACT : CH4
NATURAL GAS 1.METHANE (CH4) 70-90%2.ETHANE (C2H6) 0-20%
REAKSI : CH4 + 2 O2 - CO2 + 2 H2OCH4 HIGH CONCENTRATION REACTION TO BE CONTINUE O2 GAS DICREASED DYSPNE ASPHYXIA
Reaction EXOTHERMIS Result High Temperature / EXPLOTION
CONSENTRATION 5-15%METHANE (CH4) IN AIRHIGH RISK TO EXPLOTION
CH4 as HIDROCARBON ( 1 C dan 4 H )
1. ACUTE EFFECT:1.DYSPNE 2 RESPIRATORY TRACT IRITATION FROM NOSE TO BRONCHUS3.COUGH4.CH4 GAS SUPRESED CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CAUSED
HEADACHEUNCONCIOUS DISORIENTATION DEATH
5.SKIN IRITATION SKIN IMFLAMATION/ SKIN REDNEES , ICHING AND NEURITIS/ PARASTHESIA , IF LOW TEMPERATURE FROSBITE6.GASTRITIS because of PSYCOGENIC EFFECTS .
2. CHRONIC EFFECT: ESPECIALLY AROMATIC HYDROCARBON HEMATOPOITIC DISORDER LEUKEMIA ( HEMATOPOITIC CANCER ).
TREND OF DISEASES AT PORONG HEALTH CENTERSUROUNDING MUD VULCANO AREA
(2005 - 2007) ®URTI®NEURITIS®GASTRITIS®SKIN INFECTION
SOURCE : Government Lapindo Team
PERBANDINGAN KASUS ISPA DI PUSKESMAS PORONG DAN PUSKESMAS TULANGAN (TAHUN 2005 - TAHUN 2007)
01000020000300004000050000
2005 2006 2007
TAHUN
JUMLA
H
KASUS ISPA DI PUSK.PORONG
KASUS ISPA DI PUSK.TULANGAN
URTI (Upper Respiratory Tract Infection) CASE COMPARATION AT
PORONG AND TULANGANSUROUNDING MUD VULCANO PORONG
2005 - 2007
URTI AT PORONGURTI AT TULAN GAN
YEAR
NUMBER
Hot mud spews from a gas drilling site operated by Indonesian oil and gas exploration company Lapindo Brantas in Sidoarjo, East Java. The
mud has spread over more than 127 hectares, threatening human health and ecological disaster, environmentalists say.
A military officer helps a little boy when his home is flooded by hot mud blowing out from the location of gas exploration by PT Lapindo Brantas Inc in Porong,
East Java. (ANTARA Photo/Hadiyanto/as)
IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT
SOCIALHUMAN RELATIONSHIPCONFLICT BETWEEN
COMMUNITYTRAOMA TIC SOCIAL
BROKEN DOWN OF SIRING DIKE, CITIZEN WILL EVACUATED AND TELEPHONE CABLE BROKEN .
PHoto: Doc. suarasurabaya.net
IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL
ECONOMY DICREASES INCOME OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LOWERING INCOME OF COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT
INVESTOR SUFFER LOSSES PRODUCTION LOST OF WORKER
FAMER SUFFER LOSSESLAND / HOUSES BURIED BY MUD
MERCHANT AROUND HIGHWAY SUFFER LOSSES
NATIONALLY SUFFER LOSSES BECAUSE OF HIGHWAY BROKEN AND EXPORT ACTIVITIES
STOP
DISFUNCTION OF HIGHWAY
IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENTALCULTURAL
DECREASING CULTURE OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR
LEARNING PROSESS DISTURBED
THE CULTURE OF FINDING INFORMATION VIA MEDIA
DECREASED
Indonesian villagers carry their belongings after hot mud from an oil and gas exploration operated by local company Lapindo Brantas flooded their area in
Sidoarjo of East Java June 29, 2006. The continued flow of hot mud from a gas drilling has spread over more than 127 hectares of lands, could pose a severe threat to human health and create an ecological disaster, activists and experts
have warned. REUTERS/Sigit Pamungkas (INDONESIA) 4:40 p.m. ET, 7/12/06
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
* IMPROVEMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ROAD.* IMPROVEMENT OF EVACUATION AREA, INCLUDED : BUILD PIT PRIVY, SAFE WATER SUPPLYING , IMPROVEMENT OF SANITATION QUALITY ( SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND SEWAGE DRAIN * EVACUATION OF FACTORY EQUEPMENT
STOPING EFFORT OF MUD VULCANO
SOCIAL-ECONOMY- CULTURE PREPARING TO PERFORM A RELIGIOUS SERVICEPREPARING FOR INTER PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP TO BE CONDUSIVEPREVENTION SOCIAL CONFLICT.COMPENSATION TO COMMUNITY FOR LAND, HOUSE AND OTHER COMMUNITY BELONGING WHICH FLOODING BY HOT MUD. COMPENSATION TO INDUSTY WHICH FLOODING BY HOT MUD. HELPING TO EVACUEE ESPECIALLY WHO HAVE HOUSE AND OTHER BELONGING WHICH FLOODING BY HOT MUD.HELPING TO STUDENT ESPECIALLY TRANSPORTATIONCOMFORT THE STUDENTS AND COMMUNITY.
HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION *TO BUILD SANITATION FACILITIES TO PREVENT “ WATER AND FOOD BORNE DISEASES” (TYPHOID,DYSENTRIE,GASTROINTERITI ANDOR HEPATITIS A)* PREPARING SAFE WATER AT EVACUATION AREA• CONTROL AND WIPED OUT OF VECTOR AT EVACUATION AREA• DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT • IMUNISATION FOR THE CHIDREN AND YOUNG CHILDREN ( UNDER FIVE)*GIVE FOOD MATERIALS FOR COMMUNITY.*SPECIAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE HIGH RISK POPULATION, SUCH AS :UNDER FIVE CHILDREN .CHILDREN AND ADULT WHO HAVE CHRONICAL DISEASE, SUCH AS(BRONCHITIS, ASMA, TBC, DIABET AND HYPER TENTION)HIGH OF AGE POPULATION ( LANSIA )
MENTAL HEALTH REHABILITATIONCHILDRENVOLUNTEER NEEDED FOR INTERTAIN CHILDREN AND UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD TO MAKE STUDENT SELF BELIEF AND PREVENT DEPRESION .PREPARING FOR TEMPERARY SCHOOL OR RELOCATION OF CLASS ROOM INTERTAINMENT FOR CHILDREN ( BADUT )
ADULTINCREASED SOCIAL ACTIVITIES , WORK TOGETHER , AND SELF BELIEF TO DEVELOP SPIRITUAL ACTIVITIES (PENGAJIAN)
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT-REHABILITATION OF ALTERNATIF ROAD-REHABILITATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE (ELECTRIC AND WATER SUPLY )-CRASS-PROGRAM INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPED :
•VILAGE ROAD •PUBLIC WELL
•TRADISIONAL MARKET•VILAGE OFFICE
•SCHOOL BUILDING•PRAYER - HOUSE
•PUBLIC RESTROOM
JANGKA MENENGAH
SOCIAL-ECONOMY-CULTUREINCREASING COMMUNITY SOCIAL CONTAC (REGULAR SOCIAL GATHERING , COLLECTIVE PRAYING, REVIVE TRADITIONAL MARKET INCREASING TRANSACTION AT THE TRADISIONAL MARKET.
REVIVE LOCAL CULTURE
RENOVATION / INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT :COMMUNITY HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE RELATED TO COMMUNITY.HEALTH FACILITIESPUBLIC FACILITIESEDUCATION FACILITIES HOUSE OF WORSHIP . MAKE ORGANIZATION THE SIMPLE EMERGENCY RESPONSE.
SBY Presiden RI At the evacuation area “ Pasar Baru Porong “, Friday (11/08). Foto: EDDY suarasurabaya.net