The Future of Library Technical Services: Moving into the 21st Century
Presented by Amy Weiss, Michael Luesebrink, Annie Glerum, Ruth Ziegler on April 19, 2012 at the Florida Library Association Annual Conference, Orlando, Florida
Introduction
This panel examines the role of library technical services as we move into the 21st century. The four topics of discussion are:
An Administrator’s Perspective – Amy Weiss The Changing Role of Acquisitions – Michael
Luesebrink The Future of Bibliographic Control – Annie
Glerum The Future of Authority Control – Ruth Ziegler
An Administrator’s Perspective
Amy K. WeissAssociate Dean for Technical ServicesFlorida State University Libraries
The Future of Technical Services: Moving into the 21st Century
The Future of Technical Services: Administration
Shrinking Technical Services Divisions
Vendor-assisted processingContent mostly “free” but repackaged by vendorsWill vendors control the distribution of cataloging metadata for non-unique materials?How will Technical Services remain relevant?
The Future of Technical Services: Administration
What Will Happen to Technical Services?
Remaining processes will be either very easy or very complex
Either very complex or very simple
Backlogs not an option
Immediate availability is the rule
The Future of Technical Services: Administration
Disbursed Processes
Technical Services tasks migrate to many Divisions
Already happening at FSU
Outcomes of dispersal
The Future of Technical Services: Administration
Changing Standards
Replacement for MARC due in five years
Replacement may determine fate of Technical Services
How will this happen?
The Future of Technical Services: Administration
What’s Wrong With MARC
MARC does not express relationships between materials
MARC does not work well for archives and digitized materials
The Future of Technical Services: Administration
What’s Wrong With MARC
Not intuitive
Too much detail
“Buried” information
The Future of Technical Services: Administration
MARC’s Replacement
Must be:
Intuitive
Streamlined
Fully Machine-Readable and manipulable
The Future of Technical Services: Administration
MARC’s Replacement
Must be a standard suitable for what is now non-MARC metadata
The Future of Technical Services: Administration
RDA: Not The Future
Not adequate for non-print materials
Doesn’t deal with part/whole relationships
Poorly written and organized
The Future of Technical Services: Administration
What IS The Future?
What will happen next?
“Big Heads” don’t know
Future is wide open
The Future of Technical Services: Moving into the 21st Century
Restructuring Monographs Acquisitions: Adopting New Technologies to New Markets
Michael Luesebrink, MLIS, PhDMonographs Acquisitions LibrarianFlorida State University Libraries
The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions
It’s a Matter of EconomicsThe contemporary academic library of the Twenty-First Century is in the midst of transformation…From traditional librarian centric, supply side driven model To an innovative user centric demand driven model Acquisition units are at the forefront of this transformative process
The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions
Objectives of DiscussionDescribe changing acquisitions workflows
Adapting technological efficienciesDescribe changing acquisition’s role in 21st century information landscape
Innovative economic models i.e. PDADescribe new staffing roles in acquisitions
Adopting new skill sets
The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions
Book placed inStacks
Requestplaced by
patron
Book invoiced,processed
Book sent to Acquisitions
Order placed with vendor
Patron uses book, finds references
Traditional Acquisitions Cycle
The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions
Changing WorkflowsFSU Libraries Monographs Acquisitions Unit organizational Structure: 2007 Traditional model: Monographs & Serials
Monograph Acquisitions UnitStaff of sevenStaff roles:
Ordering and invoicing monographs Library of Congress cataloging
The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions
Changing WorkflowsFSU Libraries Monographs Acquisitions Unit organizational Structure: 2012Staff of five; two less library associatesStaff roles
Ordering and invoicing Reduced Library of Congress cataloging Actually substantial increased productivity So, what’s changed?
The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions
Innovative Models: Patron Driven Acquisitions
Patron Driven Acquisitions (PDA): Innovative acquisitions model
Seamless acquisition or lending of e-booksPurchase triggered by threshold Hybrid model evolving
The Future of Technical Services: AcquisitionsPatron Driven Acquisitions Cycle
Book now part of
collection
Patron sees
E-book inOPAC
Book is seamlessly
acquired
Book triggersthreshold
Patron accessese-book
E-book in PDA profile/
package
The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions
Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: Historical Context PDA programs emerged in early 2000’s Different models are developingFlorida has statewide initiatives
UF-FSU SUS consortium initiative
The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions
Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: What does it bring to the table?Point of demand acquisition responds to usersEfficient use of fundsResearch studies are inconclusive
The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions
Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: What are publishing issues?
Supply drivenMuddied waters of book publishing industry
Copyright/licensing issues Publishers rely on print revenue streams. Academic publishers like e-journal modelE-book technology more user friendly Approval plan conundrum
The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions
Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: How does it affect acquisitions staff and change workflow activities? Saves time placing orders and invoicing, a good
fit in demand driven marketSegues well with e-book market: focus - price, delivery time, content Allows selectors to focus, identifying difficult to find items, and refine strategic collection development outcomes
The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions
Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: How does it affect acquisitions staff and change workflow activities?
Acquisitions need strong IT skill sets Need adaptability and flexibility Critical thinking skills Adopt new technologies as they emerge
The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions
In Summation
“On demand information delivery requires that libraries re-conceptualize how they provide information to users. The fundamental library role of facilitating access to information remains, but how libraries accomplish this and who their partners will be are changing significantly.”
Douglas Jones
The Future of Technical Services: Moving into the 21st Century
The Future of Bibliographic Control
Annie GlerumComplex Cataloging LibrarianFlorida State University Libraries
The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control
Scope of this discussion
Current trends: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
Description (FRBR) Resource Description and Access (RDA) Library Linked Data
Timeline of the Collection and Organization of the Human Record… and into the Future
The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
Value
CreatorTitle
A Christmas Carol Charles Dickens
Value
Attributes
Entity = WorkUser Tasks•Find•Identify•Select•Obtain
Entity-Relationship Model
The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control
Final Report. Section 3.2
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
created by
realized by
produced by
owned by
Person
Family
Corporate Body
Group 1 Entities Group 2 Entities
The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control
IFLA. Final Report. Section 3.3
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Work
has as its subject
Person
Family
Corporate Body
Concept
Object
Event
Place
Group 1 Entity
Group 1 Entities Group 2 Entities Group 3 Entities
The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control
FRBR and RDA lay the foundation for Library Linked Data
Now: Boxed Data (MARC record)Future: Library Linked Data on the Semantic Web
The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control
Title: The Nature and future of the catalog / edited by
Maurice J. Freedman.Publication: Phoenix, AZ : Oryx Press, 1979.Description: xvi, 317 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index.Subject: Cataloging--Congresses.Added name: Freedman, Maurice J.
Title: The Nature and future of the catalog / edited by
Maurice J. Freedman.Publication: Phoenix, AZ : Oryx Press, 1979.Description: xvi, 317 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index.Subject: Cataloging--Congresses.Added name: Freedman, Maurice J.
Dumb Terminal
OPAC
Next Gen Catalog
The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control
Semantic Web & Linked Data
Post-MARC metadataXML-based data sets and catalogs
Bowen, Jennifer. Moving Library Metadata toward Linked Data: Opportunities Provided by the Exensible Catalog.
The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control
Library Linked Data
Elements of description expressed as data sets linked by identifiers
The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control
Timeline of the Collection & Organization of the Human Record…
and into the Future
The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control
Innovations? Embedded Metadata:
Not only for electronic documents Nano chip RFID embedded paper
New interfaces for Post-MARC cataloging: Fields for free text Fields that auto fill Pull down from controlled vocabularies
The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control
Bibliography•Bowen, Jennifer. Moving Library Metadata toward Linked Data: Opportunities Provided by the Exensible Catalog. Proc. Int’l Conf. on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications 2010. p. 44-59.•Clancy, Michael. From Memory to Written Record. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979.•______. Looking Back from the Invention of Printing. In Literacy in Historical Perspective. Edited by D.P. Resnick. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1983.•Coyle, Karen. Understanding the Semantic Web: Bibliographic Data and Metadata. Library Technology Reports (46:1; January 2010).•Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural •MoreRFID - Secured Digital to Introduce Nano Chip RFID Embedded Paper in Q4 2007. <http://www.morerfid.com/details.php?subdetail=Report&action=details&report_id=3366&display=RFID>. Accessed April 9, 2012.•Rubin, E. Richard. Foundations of Library and Information Science. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., 2000. p. 208-261.•Transformations in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1979.•Thompson, James Westfall. Ancient Libraries. Hamden, Conn.: Archon, 1957.
All graphics created by Annie Glerum. All images either public domain or Creative Commons license. Attributions for timeline animation: 3000 B.C . Marcin Wichary; Book of the Dead #1. McKay Savage; Cordoba Mihrab. James Gordon.
The Future of Technical Services: Moving into the 21st Century
The Future of Authority Control
Ruth S. Ziegler Authorities/Catalog Management LibrarianFlorida State University Libraries
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
Libraries have been cataloging resources for years!
Card catalogOnline catalog
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
Online Catalog : Encoded MARC Bibliographic Record 000 01563cam a22003377a 450
001 6563162
005 20080703101713.0 MARC 21
008 711222s1961 dcu b 000 0 eng
010 __ |a 61064605
035 __ |a (OCoLC)ocm00185973
040 __ |a DLC |c CWR |d DLC |d OCLCQ |d BTCTA |d OCLCG |d DLC ILS, CC
042 __ |a lccopycat
043 __ |a n-us---
050 00 |a UA927 |b .M23 1961
100 1_ |a Mack, Raymond W.
245 14 |a The occasion instant : |b the structure of social responses to unanticipated air raid warnings / |c by Raymond W. Mack, George W. Baker ; Foreword by Robin M. Williams, Jr.
260 __ |a Washington, |b National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, |c 1961.
300 __ |a xv, 69 p. ; |c 25 cm.
490 1_ |a National Research Council (U.S.). Disaster Research Group. Disaster study, |v no. 15
500 __ |a National Research Council. Publication 945.
504 __ |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-69). AACR
650 _0 |a Civil defense |z United States.
650 _0 |a Air warfare |x Psychological aspects.
700 1_ |a Baker, George W. |q (George Walter), |d 1915- |e joint author.
810 2_ |a National Research Council (U.S.). |b Disaster Research Group. |t Disaster study ; |v no. 15.
830 _0 |a Publication (National Research Council (U.S.)) ; |v 945.
856 41 |3 Table of contents |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/61064605.html [1]
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
Current Cataloging StandardsAnglo American Cataloging Rules – AACR2
These are to be replaced with: Resource Description Access - RDA
New bibliographic description standard for the digital age
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
Now Libraries are being told to look to the future and expose the bibliographic data in our catalogs as linked data on the Semantic Web.
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
Semantic Web and Linked Data
The Semantic Web is a "web of data" that enables machines to understand the
semantics, or meaning, of information on the World Wide Web.
"W3C Semantic Web Frequently Asked Questions". W3C. Viewed October, 18,
2011.
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
Current Visualization of the Linked Data Cloud [2]
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
The Machine Application layer of Linked Data is where most librarians hit a wall when getting involved with Linked Open Data.
The explanation of Extensible Markup Language (XML), Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), Resource Description Framework (RDF) with talk about subject, predicate, object triples is difficult to understand.
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
Tim Berners-Lee (2006) the originator of the linked data concept, outlines its four main rules:
Use URIs as names for thingsUse HTTP URIs so that people can look up those namesWhen someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using Web standardsInclude links to other URIs so that they can discover more things [4]
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
With limited staff and very tight budgets, many libraries will wait to see what direction the earlier adaptors will go.
Most Academic Libraries catalog their original records in OCLC and then export into their local catalogs. Policies and licensing issues with data is a big concern.
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
In the blog “Managing Metadata” - Sept. 27, 2011 by Laura Smart @ Caltech Libraries: •Focus instead on authority records and on enhancing our repositories. We can add value for our customers. Concentrate on the unique metadata that exposes the work of the faculty, researchers and Ph.D. graduates in our organizations.
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
VIAFVirtual International Authority File
http://viaf.org/
VIAF, implemented and hosted by OCLC, is joint project of several national libraries plus selected regional and trans-national library agencies.
The VIAF project's goal is to lower the cost and increase the utility of library authority files by matching and linking widely-used authority files and making that information available on the Web.
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
• National Library of Australia • National Library of the Czech Republic • Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Egypt) • Bibliothèque nationale de France • Deutsche Nationalbibliothek • Getty Research Institute • National Library of Israel • Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico
(Italy) • Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal
• Biblioteca Nacional de España • National Library of Sweden • Swiss National Library • Library of Congress/NACO • Vatican Library • NUKAT Center (Poland) • Library and Archives Canada • National Széchényi Library (Hungary) • RERO (Switzerland) • Russian State Library-test
VIAF Members
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
VIAFWe have the “potential” for international
sharingThe authorized forms can be shared through
the VIAF projectWhat is important is not the “text” but the
URI (uniform resource identifier) Example: http:viaf.org/viaf/35605
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
• John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005 • Jean-Paul II, pape, 1920-2005 • Juan Pablo II, Papa • Jean Paul II, pape • Johannes Paulus Papa, II. 1920-2005 • Iohannes Paulus PP. II, 1920-2005 • Jan Pavel II., papež, 1920-2005
• Johannes Paulus II, påve, 1920-2005 • Jan Paweł II (papież ; 1920-2005). • Ioannes Paulus <papa ; 2.> • John Paul II, Pope lived1920 • 1920-2005, אפיפיור, 2יוחנן פאולוס • البابا، الثانى، بولس، -1920يوحنا
م 2005 . • VIAF ID:35605
URI Example: http:viaf.org/viaf/35605
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
Next Step
What can we do? Keep up with the latest literature, attending
conferences, involvement with committees at national, state, and university level and talk with our peers about future changes and decisions to be made.
The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control
Bibliography•“Encoding bibliographic data: the things and strings of the semantic web”, Karen Coyle. ALA Presentation. June 24, 2011. [1] •“Linked data: the play’s the thing”, Ed Jones. ALA Presentation. June 24, 2011. [2-3]•“Practical strategies for cataloging departments,” Rebecca L. Lubas, editor. Libraries Unlimited, c2011. p. 40. [4]
The Future of Technical Services: Moving into the 21st Century
Contact information
Michael [email protected]
Annie [email protected]
Ruth [email protected]