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THE EFFECT OF PERSONAL PHOTOGRAPH SERIES ON WRITING
RECOUNT TEXT AT SMA NEGERI 4 PALANGKARAYA
BY
MASDIANSYAH
STATE ISLAMIC INSTITUTE OF PALANGKA RAYA
1438 H/2017 M
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THE EFFECT OF PERSONAL PHOTOGRAPH SERIES ON WRITING
RECOUNT TEXT AT SMA NEGERI 4 PALANGKARAYA
THESIS
Presented to
State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of Sarjana in English Language Education
BY
MASDIANSYAH
NIM 1201120774
STATE ISLAMIC INSTITUTE OF PALANGKA RAYA
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE EDUCATION
STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
1438 H/2017 M
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MOTTO AND DEDICATION
“Learn from the past, Live for today and Plan for tomorrow”
This thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved Father Hakimin and Mother Hamsiyah for
their valuable endless prayer, sacrifice, and support. My
beloved brothers Musliansyah, Pujo Wicaksono, and Al
Asrianoor, and sisters Hairuniati and Heniyati.
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ABSTRACT
Masdiansyah. 2017. The Effect of Personal Photograph Series On Writing Recount
Text At SMA Negeri 4 Palangkaraya. Thesis, Department of Language
Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, State Islamic
Institute of Palangka Raya. Advisors: (I) Sabarun, M.Pd., (II) Zaitun
Qamariah, M.Pd.
Key Words: Effect, Personal Photograph Series, Writing, Recount Text
The study aimed at measuring the significant effect of Personal Photograph
Series to increase students’ writing recount text score at tenth graders of SMA Negeri
4 Palangka Raya.
The study belonged to quantitative research with Quasy Experimental Design.
The writer designed the lesson plan, conducted the treatment and observed the
students’ score by pretest and posttest. The population of study was the tenth graders
at SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya which consisted of twelve classes. The writer took
the sample of two classes are X-5 IPA as experimental group and X-2 IPA as control
group. The sample was determined using cluster sampling technique.
After getting the data were from pretest and posttest, the writer analyzed the
data using SPSS 21.Program to test the hypothesis have been set. Based on the result
of analysis, it was found that the value of ttest = 5.047 with ttable=1.994 at 5% level of
significance and ttable=2.648 at 1% level of significance with degrees of freedom=78.
It showed that the ttest was higher than the ttable. The result of testing hypothesis
determined that the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) stating that there was significant
effect of Personal Photograph Series in writing recount text at tenth graders of SMA
Negeri 4 Palangka Raya was accepted and the Null Hypothesis (Ho) stating that
there was no significant effect of Personal Photograph Series in writing recount text
at tenth graders of SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya was rejected. It meant that there
was significant effect of Personal Photograph Series in writing recount text at tenth
graders of SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya.
This study recommended in writing recount text with personal photograph
series for the students, English teachers, and also for the next researchers. First, for
the students, it is clear that personal photograph series as a visual media has potential
to be used as very useful for education. It could help students to comprehend English
as a foreign language. Next, for English teachers, it can be alternative way in an
educational context to improve the learning experience of their students. The students
can remember their experiences by looking their photos and arranging in the simple
paragraph of recount text. Last, for the next researchers, the writer recommended who
want to conduct the study related to the writing especially in recount text with other
interesting media and at other grades.
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ABSTRAK
Masdiansyah. 2017. Pengaruh Foto Pribadi Berseri Dalam Menulis Teks Recount
Pada SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya. Skripsi, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa
Inggris, Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan, Institut Agama Islam Negeri
Palangka Raya. Pembimbing: (I) Sabarun, M.Pd., (II) Zaitun Qamariah,
M.Pd.
Kata Kunci: Pengaruh, Foto Pribadi Berseri, Menulis, Teks Recount
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur apakah ada pengaruh yang
berarti dalam menggunakan Rangkaian Foto Pribadi dalam menulis teks recount siswa
kelas sepuluh SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya.
Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain Kuasi
Eksperimental. Penulis menyusun rencana pembelajaran, memberikan perlakuan dan
mengobservasi skor siswa dengan Pra-uji dan Pasca-uji. Populasi penelitian ini adalah
murid kelas sepuluh di SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya yang tediri dari 12 kelas.
Penulis memilih dua kelas yaitu X-5 IPA sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X-2 IPA
sebagai kelas kontrol. Sampel ditentukan dengan teknik Sampel Kluster.
Setelah mendapatkan data dari Pra-uji dan Pasca-uji, penulis menganalisis data
tersebut menggunakan program SPSS 21. untuk menguji hipotesis yang telah
ditetapkan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan bahwa nilai dari ttes= 5.047 dan
ttabel= 1.994 pada taraf signifikansi 5% dan ttabel= 2.648 pada taraf signifikansi 1%
dengan derajat kebebasan=78. Hasil itu menunjukkan bahwa nilai dari ttes lebih tinggi
dari ttabel. Hasil dari Pengujian Hipotesis menentukan bahwa Hipotesis Alternatif (Ha)
yang menyatakan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan oleh Foto Pribadi Berseri
dalam pembelajaran teks recount terhadap keahlian tulisan siswa kelas sepuluh SMA
Negeri 4 Palangka Raya telah diterima dan Hipotesis Nihil yang menyatakan bahwa
tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan oleh Rangkaian Foto Pribadi dalam pembelajaran
teks recount terhadap tulisan siswa kelas sepuluh SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya telah
ditolak. Ini artinya bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan pada Foto Pribadi Berseri
dalam pembelajaran teks recount terhadap keahlian tulisan siswa kelas sepuluh di
SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya.
Penelitian ini direkomendasikan untuk siswa-siswa, guru-guru, dan juga untuk
peneliti selanjutnya. Pertama untuk siswa, jelas bahwa foto pribadi berseri sebagai
media visual memiliki potensi yang sangat berguna untuk digunakan dalam
pendidikan. Ini bisa membantu siswa untuk memahami Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa
asing. Selanjutnya untuk guru bahasa Inggris, media ini bisa sebagai media alternatif
dalam konteks pendidikan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman belajar siswa. Para siswa
bisa mengingat pengalaman mereka dengan melihat foto mereka dan mengatur
paragraf sederhana dalam teks recount. Lalu untuk peneliti selanjutnya, penulis
menganjurkan kepada mereka yang ingin melakukan penelitian terkait dengan menulis
terutama dalam teks recount sebaiknya dengan media yang menarik lainnya dan pada
kelas-kelas lainnya.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The writer would like to express his sincere gratitude to Allah SWT., for the
blessing bestowed in his whole life particularly during the thesis writing without
which this thesis would not have come to its final form. Sholawat and salam
always be bestowed to the last prophet Muhammad SAW., having shown us the
role of life to make our life true.
His appreciation is addressed to:
1. Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of the State Islamic
Institute of Palangka Raya, Drs. Fahmi. M.Pd. for his invaluable assistance
both in academic and administrative matters.
2. Vice Dean in Academic Affairs, Dra. Hj. Rodhatul Jennah, M.Pd., for her
invaluable assistance both in academic and administrative matters.
3. Chair of Department Language Education, Santi Erliana, M.Pd, for her
invaluable assistance both in academic and administrative matters.
4. Chair of English Study Program of English Education, M. Zaini Miftah,
M.Pd, for his invaluable assistance both in academic and administrative
matters.
5. My first advisor, Sabarun, M.Pd., for the guidance, encouragement, and
suggestions during composing this thesis.
6. My second advisor, Zaitun Qamariah, M.Pd., for the guidance,
encouragement, and suggestions during composing this thesis.
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7. Both the members of the Board of Examiners, for their corrections,
comments, and suggestions which are profitable to the accomplishing of this
thesis.
8. All lectures of Study Program of English Education at State Islamic Institute
of Palangka Raya that I got in depth knowledge of English and English
teaching.
9. The Principal of headmaster of SMA Negeri 4 Palangka Raya, Yenihayati,
S.Pd,, M.Pd, for her permission to take research at the school.
10. English teacher of SMA Negeri 4 Palangkaraya, Mira Devita, S.Pd, M.Pd
for her permission to take research at the class.
11. All of English Program Students, especially 2012 period for the support in
sadness and happiness during the study in undergraduate program and for
their spirits to accomplish my study.
12. My beloved parents, Hakimin and Hamsiyah, for their moral support and
endless prayer so that I can finish my study. May Allah SWT bless them all.
Amin.
Palangka Raya, June 21, 2017
The Writer,
Masdiansyah
NIM. 1201120774
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER ......................................................................................................... i
COVER (Second Page) .................................................................................. ii
ADVISOR APPROVAL ................................................................................ iii
THESIS APPROVAL .................................................................................... v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ...................................................................... vi
DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP ........................................................... vii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... viii
ABSTRAK (Indonesia) ................................................................................. ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................. x
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... xii
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xiv
LIST OF THE FIGURES ............................................................................... xvi
LIST OF THE APPENDICES ............ .......................................................... xvii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................ xviii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ............................................... 1
B. Problem of the Study ................................................... 5
C. Objectives of the Study ................................................. 5
D. Assumption of the Study ............................................... 5
E. Significance of the Study .............................................. 5
F. Variable of the Study ..................................................... 6
G. Hypothesis of the Study ............................................... 6
H. Limitation of the Study ................................................ 7
I. Definition of Key Terms ............................................... 7
J. Framework of Discussion .............................................. 8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Related Studies .................................................... 10
B. Writing Skills ....................................................... 12
1. The Nature of Writing ................................... 12
2. The Process of Writing ................................... 16
C. Technique in Writing ........................................... 18
D. Teaching Media ................................................... 19
E. Personal Photograph Series ................................. 21
F. Recount Text........................................................ 24
G. The Procedure of Using Personal Photographs in
Writing ................................................................... 30
H. Project-Based Learning (PBL) ............................ 32
I. The Implementation of Using Personal
Photograph Series through Project Based
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Learning (PBL) in Writing Recount Text ........... 36
J. Experimental Study ............................................. 38
K. T-test .................................................................... 39
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design ..................................................... 40
B. Population and Sample .......................................... 41
1. Population ....................................................... 41
2. Sample ............................................................ 42
C. Research Instrument ............................................... 43
1. Instrument of the Research ................................. 43
2. Instrument Validity ................................................ 46
3. Instrument Reliability ............................................ 48
D. Data Collection Procedure ..................................... 49
E. Data Analysis Procedure ........................................ 87
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION A. Data Presentation .......................................................... 56
B. Research Findings ......................................................... 69
1. Testing Normality and Homoginity ....................... 69
2. Testing Hypothesis ................................................ 71
3. Interpretation of the results .................................... 76
C. Discussion ..................................................................... 77
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusions ................................................................... 80
B. Suggestion ..................................................................... 81
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
Table 3.1 The Scheme of the Quasi-Experimental Design .............. 41
Table 3.2 The Population of Study................................................... 42
Table 3.3 The Sample of Study......................................................... 43
Table 3.4 Aspect of Scoring For Students Writing Skill.................. 50
Table 4.1 Pre Test Score of Experimental and Control Group......... 57
Table 4.2 The Calculation of Mean, Median, Mode, Standard
Error of Mean and Standard Deviation of Pretest
Experimental Group ......................................................... 60
Table 4.3 The Calculation of Mean, Median, Mode, Standard
Error of Mean and Standard Deviation of Pretest Score
Control Group................................................................... 62
Table 4.4 Post Test Score of Experimental and Control Group....... 62
Table 4.5 The Calculation Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Error
of Mean and Standard Deviation of Posttest Score
Experimental Group.......................................................... 65
Table 4.6 The Calculation Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Error
of Mean and Standard Deviation of Posttest Score
Control Group................................................................... 67
Table 4.7
The Comparison Result of Pretest and Posttest of
Experimental and Control Group...................................... 68
Table 4.8 Testing Normality of posttest Experimental and Control
Group................................................................................ 69
Table 4.9 Testing Homogeneity of posttest Experimental and
Control Group................................................................... 70
Table 4.10 The Standard Deviation and The Standard Error of
Experiment and Control Group......................................... 71
Table 4.11 The Result of T-test Using Manual Calculation............... 73
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Table 4.12 Mean, Standard Deviation and Standard Error of
Experiment and Control Group Using SPSS 21.0
Program............................................................................. 75
Table 4.13 The Calculation of T-test Using SPSS 21.0 Program....... 75
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
Figure 3.1 Data Analyze Procedure ............................................................55
Figure 4.1 The Distribution Frequency of students’ pre-test Score
for Experimental Group ...........................................................59
Figure 4.2 The Distribution Frequency of students’ pre-test Score
for Control Group .....................................................................61
Figure 4.3 The Distribution Frequency of students’ post-test Score
for Experimental Group ...........................................................64
Figure 4.4 The Distribution Frequency of students’ post-test Score
for Control Group .....................................................................66
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
1 : Research Schedule
2 : Lesson Plan
3 : Test Instrument of Pre Test and Post Test
4 : The Students’ Name and Code
5 : Description of Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores By Experiment Group
and Control Group
6 The Validity and Reliability of Test
7 : The Students Answer Sheet of Pre-Test and Post-Test
8 : The Values of T table and Product Moment Correlation
9 Syllabus
10 : Photos of the Study
11 : Research Decrees
12 : Curriculum Vitae
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
DF : Degree of Freedom
Ha : Alternative Hypothesis
Ho : Null Hypothesis
IAIN : Institut Agama Islam Negeri
SMA : Sekolah Menengah Atas
SMAN : Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri
PBL : Project-Based Learning
SPSS : Statistical Product and Service Solution
SD : Standard Deviation
SE : Standard Error
f : Frequency