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The Effect of Environmental Factors on
Training
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Intro Training rarely takes place in ideal conditions
Extreme temperatures High humidity High altitude Air quality
Training in certain extreme environmental conditions can be very dangerous and even fatal
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Body Temperature Regulation and the
EnvironmentNormal body temperature in between 36 and 40
degrees Celsius The body cannot adapt to vast fluctuations in
temperature Can withstand a drop in core body temperature of
10 degrees C but only a rise of 5 degrees C Beyond these levels conditions known as cold
stress or heat stress can set in Can be fatal
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Example: Korey Stringer
2002 Minnesota Viking's Korey Stringer collapsed
during a practice in extreme heat Heavy protective equipment Later died
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Heat Transfer Hypothalamus: located at the base of the brain
and is responsible for maintaining body temperature
Body temperature is regulated through thermal receptors in the skin and blood
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Cold Conditions In extremely cold weather, massive heat loss
can occur Causes the core temperature to drop to
dangerous levels unless the body can increase heat production and decrease heat loss
Both can be stimulated by exercise
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Hot Conditions The body may overheat Can prevent bodily organs from functioning
properly Can lead to an overall “shut down” of the body
including respiration and heartbeat Heat exchange: processes that prevent the
shut down of the body due to extreme heat
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Heat Transfer Radiation – emission of radiant heat from the
body into the cooler environment Conduction – transfer of heat through a liquid,
solid, or gas i.e. Dousing oneself with water Convection – air movement around the skin Evaporation – water, i.e. Sweat, vaporization
from the skin into the environment Major mechanism for cooling off
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The Role of Clothing Protects against cold, rain, sun Identify teammates heavy equipment (i.e. Football players) can
block 50% of the body's surface from cooling itself
In hot weather – loose clothing, light colours, synthetic fibres (DriFit)
In cold weather – layers of thin clothing, synthetic fibres
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Altitude Acclimatization and Training
Air in higher altitudes contains less oxygen Acclimatization: the body's ability to adjust
through training, to conditions at higher altitudes
Some endurance athletes use the “live high, train low” approach reasoning that, while spending their non-training time at altitude can still have acclimatization benefits
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Air Pollution Can lead to diminished breathing ability, chest
pain, coughing and wheezing, a reduction in the body's ability to fight infection, aggravation of asthma, emphysema, and other breathing problems, heart disease, and other physical irritations
“The marathon world record holder Haile Gebrselassie will not compete in this event at the Beijing Olympics, because he fears the impact of Beijing air pollution on his health. The 34-year-old, widely regarded as the best distance runner of all time, suffers from asthma”
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Avoiding Injury Warm-up Stretching
Sport specific Cool down Weight training – core strength Physical therapy (if needed)
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