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The digestive system
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Lesson 1
• OB6 Identify and locate the major parts of the digestive system including: the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, and know their functions
Lesson 2
• OB7 Identify molars, premolars, canines and incisors, and describe their functions
Lesson 3
• OB8 Investigate the action of amylase on starch; identify: the substrate, product and enzyme
Lesson 1
What happens during digestion? The organs involved in the process
The Cell
What happens in digestion?
5 Stages of Digestion
• Ingestion• Digestion• Absorption• Assimilation• Egestion• http://www.learning-is-fun.co.uk/bi
ology/nutrition.html
• In• Down• Around• And• Eject
• Ingestion: Food taken into mouth
• Digestion: Food broken down by teeth and digestive enzymes
• Absorption: into bloodstream
• Egestion: Undigested material egested through anus
Large Molecule
Enzymes
ABSORPTION
An Overview
Importance of digestion
• Digestion: Break down of large food molecules into small molecules
• Types of digestion:– Physical– Chemical
The Mouth
• Function: Chew food to break down into smaller molecules– Teeth
Teeth
• Four types of teeth:1. Incisors2. Canines3. Pre – Molars4. Molars
Incisors
Canines
Premolar
Molar
Biting and
Cutting
Incisor
Grasping and
Tearing
Canine
Grinding and
Crushing
Pre - Molar
Grinding and
Crushing
Molar
Digestive Organs• Oesophagus
• Stomach
• Small Intestines
• Large Intestines
• Pancreas
• Liver
Name some digestive organs…..
The parts of the digestive system
• The mouth
• The oesophagus
• The stomach
• The small intestine
• The large intestine
The Oesophagus
• Function: to take food from mouth to stomach by muscular action called peristalsis
= Food particle
Oesophagus
Stomach
• Store food• Mix food with juice• Kill bacteria in food
Small Intestine
• Complete digestion of food• Absorb digested food into bloodstream
Large Intestine
• To absorb water from the waste food, solidifying the faeces
Liver
• The liver makes bile• Function of bile
– to dissolve fats – neutralise acid from
the stomach
The Pancreas
• Sends a liquid into the small intestine– digestive enzymes to
digest starch, proteins and fats
Lesson 3
Practical Class
Enzymes
• Biological catalysts that break down food
To investigate the action of amylase on starch
Starch sol.
Starch sol. & amalyse
A B
A B
37° 10mins
Iodine
The Action of Amylase on Starch
Use the set up above to investigate!
End Products of digestion
• Carbohydrate
• Protein
• Fats
• Simple sugars
• Amino acids
• Fatty acids and glycerol
Assessment
Students must attempt all questions!
Question 1
• (a) What are the functions of the digestive system
• (b) Name the chemicals that digest food
Question 2
• Name the part labelled A to E.
• Name the parts labelled F and G
Question 4
• Follow the food as it passes through the digestive tract and explain the process of digestion.
• Identify type of teeth marked A,B and C.
• Give the function of each.
A B C
Chapter Assessment
1. An enzyme is a biological _____________
2) Taking food into the mouth is known as ____________
3) Explain the difference between physical and chemical digestion. Give one example of each type.
4) What is the name given to the process whereby food is pushed along the alimentary canal
5) List the two major functions of the large intestine ?.
6) The oesophagus carries the food from the ________ to the __________
Bibliography• http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/LabTutorials/
HIV/images/enzyme.jpg• www.calalumni.ch/images/ 031025_basel_meeting/...• http://science.waltermack.com/smack/yr8biol/
digestion2.gif• http://medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/gelatin-capsule-
in-stomach.jpg• http://www.becomehealthynow.com/images/organs/
digestive/sm_intestine.jpg• http://www.cindys-friends.com/images/pic_intestine.jpg• http://laxmi.nuc.ucla.edu:8000/NM-Mediabook/figures/
GI/liver/liver_ant.gif
Bibliography• http://gxs.home.texas.net/work_samples/pancreasf/
pancreas.gif• http://bimari-jankari.mla.iitk.ac.in/html/b_digest.htm• http://files2.turbosquid.com/Preview/
Content_on_8_10_2005_06_45_00/mr_fastsss_teeth_various_poses.pnge9a81577-7091-47bc-992e-835a2061e3dcLarge.jpg
• www.ivansanford.com/il_bloodstream.html• Clip art• Shea Mullally: Less stress more success – science• Michael O’ Callaghan: Exploring Science: Edco