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The Construction and Analysis of a Science Story: A Proposed Methodology
Stephen Klassen University of Winnipeg
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The Construction and Analysis of a Science Story: A Proposed Methodology
In contrast to our vast knowledge of how science and logical reasoning proceeds, we know
precious little in any formal sense about how to make good stories. (Bruner, 1986)
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What Makes a Good Science Story?
Delimitation‘Door opener’ (Kubli, 2005; Metz, et.al., 2007)LiteraryBased on history of science
Norris, et.al. (2005) basic criteriaEight essential elements of narrativesKubli (2005) two additional elements
Analyzed using these 10 elements
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Science Stories are Unique
Two critical differences from stories in the humanities
Science storyImprove teaching and learning of science
Story in the humanitiesTo entertainCommunicate a message
Not easy to accomplish explanatory purposeDesired response not only affective engagement
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Science Stories Raise Questions
Incentive to raise questionsMotivated by curiositySatisfied only when explanation is presented and understood (Schwitzgebel, 1999)Explanation-seeking curiosity
“Why did that happen?”“How is that possible?” (Schwitzgebel, 1999)
Have students write questions upon hearing the science story
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A Case Study: Louis Slotin Story
Used by author over two years with four laboratory class sectionsA true story …
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The Dragon’s Revenge
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Louis Slotin (1910-1946)
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Analysis of Story
Historical accuracyTen narrative features
Basic requirement for science stories
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Analysis of Responses: Type
104 responses from 37 students analyzedThe following question types emergeda) Why did something happen (or did not …)
“Why wasn’t a more stable mechanism used…”
b) How is something possible or how did they know “How did they know the radiations were made of neutrons?”
c) What happened “What happened to the other people in the room?”
d) What is (Define) “What are gamma rays?”
e) When, Who, Where “Where did he go to school?”
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Question-Type Results
Who-When-Where15%
How9% What
32%
Define16%
Why28%
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Analysis of Responses: Domain
The following question domains emergeda) Scientificb) Historicalc) Ethicald) Personal (egocentric)
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Question-Domain Results
Historical67%
Personal2%
Scientific28%
Ethical3%
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Discussion
Explanation-seeking curiosityPossible indicator of motivation to learn
Scientific-Historical BalanceRoughly a 1 : 2 ratioA story characteristic?
Lack of egocentric and ethical questionsAnswering the questions
Historical detailsScientific concepts
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Conclusion
Methodology for researching, writing, using, and testing stories
Systematic analysisStudent responses can be tested in an unobtrusive mannerLittle time is requiredFeatures of the story are revealed
Should be integrated with systematic instructional approach
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This research was supported by a five-year grant from NSERC’s CRYSTAL program at the University of Manitoba and funding from the Maurice Price Foundation. Thanks are due to Sarah Dietrich for transcribing the data and to Vince Bagnulo for participating in the data analysis.