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The Clash of Civilizations
Samuel P. Huntington
Work Presented by:
•Patricia Quintino Nº 21167
•Petr Makovsky Nº 25335
•Peter Panholzer Nº 25333
•Ieong Chi Kun, Christine Nº 25246
•Fernando Piton Nº 25273
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“It is my hypothesis that the
fundamental source of conflict in
this new world will not be primarily
ideological or primarily economic.”
Samuel P. Huntington
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Clash of Civilizations
7 Main Civilizations
Modernization vs Westernization
West vs the Rest
Conclusion
Main Agenda
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Civilizations
Civilization
Civilization is a cultural entity defined by objective elements such as: language,
history, religion….
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Clash of Civilizations
Clash of Civilization
a clash of cultural spheres within a single global civilization
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Why civilizations will clash?
Differences among civilizations are real and basic: history, language, culture, tradition & RELIGION
product of centuries
The world is becoming smaller
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Why civilizations will clash?
Economic modernization & social change throughout the world
Dual Role of the West
↑ Civilization-consciousness
Non-Wests tend to shape the world in non-Western ways
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Why civilization will clash?
Cultural characteristics & differences less mutable; Political & economic issues can be compromised & resolved
Increase in economic regionalism: Successful regionalism reinforce civilization consciousness; Economic regionalism succeed only in a common civilization
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Two levels for Clash of Civilization
Clash of Civilization occurs at two levels:
Micro-level – struggle over the control of territory and each other
Macro-level – promote particular political & religious values.
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Kin-Country Syndrome
✷World of civilization => World of double standards
One standard to kin-countries & different one to others
✷Conflicts & Violence within same civilization less intense & less likely to expand
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Main Civilizations
The 7 main civilizations are:
Latin America
Confucian
Japanese
Islamic
Hindu
Slavic - Orthodox
Western
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Main Civilizations
• Japanese: Shintoism religion, not open-
minded
•Islamic: with human and universal
dimensions, very generous
•Confucian: introspective, self-conscious, and
intuition; feel at ease in poverty and find their
delight in the pursuit of the Way
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• Hindu: Composed of diverse doctrines, cults,
and ways of life.
• Slavic/Orthodox: Eastern and Central
Europe and the Balkans; Follow Mostly the
orthodox and catholic churches
• Latin American: Are the latin speaking
countries in America; Mainly Roman Catholic
Main Civilizations
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Modernization v.s., and, or Westernization?
Western Civilization
The classical legacy
Western Christianity
European language
Separation of spiritual and temporary authority
Rule of law
Representative bodies
individualism
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Modernization v.s. Westernization?
WHY doesn´t Modernization and technical
development require Westernization?
• Individual level
• Societal level
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Temporal Westernization
Western values used by the government
only until they are powerful enough to
denounce them as human rights
imperialism.
• “second generation indigenization”
• democracy paradox
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Future tendencies
• As all politics is local politics, all power is local power
• from the warren state phase to a universal state phase:
held together by a compound of federations, confederations, and international regimes
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The West versus the Rest
The West in effect is using international institutions, military power and economic resources to run the world in ways that will maintain Western predominance, protect Western interests and promote Western political and economic values.
"the values that are most important inthe West are least important worldwide."
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The West versus the Rest
Responses to the west: Non-Western states course of isolation
Join the west and accept it institutions and values
attempt to "balance" the West by developing economic and military power and cooperating with other non-Western societies against the West
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Conflicts arised by Civilizations
TORN COUTRIESSome countries have a fair degree of cultural homogeneity but are divided over whether their society belongs to one civilization or another.
Leaders pursue a bandwagoning strategy but the history, culture and traditions of their countries are non-Western.
Typical torn countries are:Turkey, Mexico, Russia
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Why the Author wrote the Article
We suppose that Huntington
wrote this article because of the
diverse thinking about the
nature of global culture and
because of his past working as
the director of the Center for
International Affairs.
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Conclusion
•Differences between civilizations are real and important and civilization-conscious is increasing;
•Conflicts between civilizations will supplant ideological conflicts;
•Western civilization is powerful and has the majority, while the non-western civilizations, tend to modernize theirs, trying to maintain there culture and values.
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Implication for the Western policy:
short term advantage &
long term accommodation
Conclusion
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Short term advantage:
• cooperation and unity
• cooperative relations with Russia & Japan
• local inter-civilization conflicts
• limit the military strength and conflicts of Confucian & Islamic states
• military capabilities & superiority
• strengthen international institutions that reflect and legitimate Western interests & values
Conclusion
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Long term accommodation:
• maintain economic & military power
• Understand other civilizations’ religious & philosophical assumptions
• identify elements of commonality between Western & other civilizations
Conclusion
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• http://www.isesco.org.ma/pub/ISTD/Eng/20/P2.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_issues_in_Japan
• http://www.crvp.org/book/Series03/III-14/chapter_i.htm
• http://www.religioustolerance.org/confuciu.htm
Bibliography:
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Do you agree with the thesis?
Class Discusion
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Do you think that these thesis are up-to-date?
Class Discusion
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Do you think that the 9/11 was caused by a clash of
civilizations?
Class Discusion