![Page 1: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Challenge of the New Data
Mark Elliot, Social Sciences
University of Manchester
January [email protected]
![Page 2: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Data, data everywhere…
• Dramatic changes in the type and scope of data available for social research
• New types of data and new controllers/archives • Social media data growth • Commercial data
• New data linkage developments – New data being linked. – New forms of Combining, enhancing, fusing, linking,
merging data• More detail
![Page 5: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Opportunities
• Big data and commercially owned data• Strong and enriched traditional data sources:
cohort studies, surveys combining attitude and physiological data.
![Page 6: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Analysing the data layer/web 3.0 represents a significant challenge.– Accounting for the links?– Accounting for contradictions?– What does sampling mean?– It might well have more in common visual image
processing than orthodox data analysis.
![Page 12: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Data
Research FindingsPolicy
Analysis
Impact
Behaviour
![Page 13: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
An Socio-ethical Turning Point?
![Page 14: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
An Socio-ethical Turning Point?
![Page 15: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
An Socio-ethical Turning Point?
![Page 16: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
An Ethical Headache
• Access and ownership– charges and rights– Citizens and data ownership
• Confidentiality privacy and data protection:– lack of clarity. – Risks to third parties.
• Best practice:– New codes of practice? – New forms of consent?
![Page 17: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Privacy/Disclosure remain important– All surveys on the topic indcate this
![Page 18: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Privacy and Disclosure
“There is a close connection between our ability to control of who has access to our information and our ability to create and maintain different sorts of social relationships with different people”; Rachels(1970)
![Page 20: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
So Disclosure is:
• The mechanism by which we operate our privacy.– This rather than the information itself is why non-
consensual disclosure is problematic.– Non-consensual disclosure subverts the
psychologically critical process of self-disclosure.
![Page 21: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
And privacy is....
• Critical to our the formation of our identities
![Page 22: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Analysing the data layer web 3.0 represents a significant challenge.
• Retaining a functioning privacy is in the world of linked data is a challenge.
• We can do this but– It will require significant research effort and
policy will
![Page 23: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Role of Identity
• Social Philosophy:– Identity is represented to others through
self disclosure; Goffman– OTOH our identity is in part formed through
our interactions with others and their representations to us; Mead
![Page 24: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
So joining the dots....
• Privacy concerns personhood:– My/Our identity– My/Our sense of self
• To understand the meaning of privacy in a cultural context one must refer to processes of – Autonomy – Locus of Control
![Page 25: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Identity
PrivacyDisclosure
![Page 26: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• I would argue therefore– That our data and our “selves” are intrinsically
intertwined.– That what happens in the data layer will have a
transformative effect on how we think about ourselves as individuals and collectively.
– And therefore the need for a sociology of data is paramount.
![Page 27: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Sociologies of Data
• Our Data Our Selves: – How does data impact on how we view our selves,
our identity, our society? – How do our attitudes affect how we view data?– How do new forms of (ubiquitous) data impact on
a norms, attitudes and values? – Is informational privacy the main contact point
between our digital and socio-physical identities?
![Page 28: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Our Data Our Society: – How do the control processes for data reflect and affect
existing social structures? – How are data shaped by the institutions and objectives
that produce them?– How are institutions affected by data about/within
them? – Where are the main sources of data outside the
academy?• How are they used?• How does ownership affect use?
Sociologies of Data
![Page 29: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Our Data Our Research: – How do we define ‘data’ in the social sciences?
• Can social science adapt to use any form of social data? • Can a meaningful data ontology be developed?
– Where are data becoming ‘big data’? • Are these transformative, or just ‘old wine in new bottles’? • Where are data now providing new departures in the
social sciences?
– How does ubiquitous data affect the centrality of theory?
Sociologies of Data
![Page 30: The Challenge of the New Data Mark Elliot, Social Sciences University of Manchester January 2013 mark.elliot@manchester.ac.uk](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110116/551bed27550346af588b64ac/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
To Conclude:
• Analysing the Data Layer/Web 3.0 represents a challenge.
• Retaining a functioning privacy in the world of linked data is a significant challenge.
• We can do this but– It will require significant research effort and
policy will