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The CellThe CellStructures and Structures and
FunctionsFunctions
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The Eukaryotic CellThe Eukaryotic Cell
•Protists, Protists, Fungi, Fungi, Plants and Plants and Animals are Animals are examples of examples of Eukaryotes.Eukaryotes.
•Although they Although they are different, are different, each of them each of them contain many contain many of the same of the same cellular cellular componentscomponents
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Cellular OrganellesCellular Organelles• Organelle literally means “tiny Organelle literally means “tiny
organs”organs”
• Eukaryotic Cells contain cellular Eukaryotic Cells contain cellular organelles that perform specific organelles that perform specific functions for the cellfunctions for the cell
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The Animal CellThe Animal Cell• All animals All animals
including humans including humans contain animal cellscontain animal cells
• These cells are These cells are individually individually specialized for specialized for specific functionsspecific functions
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CytoplasmCytoplasm
•A jelly-like A jelly-like substance substance that contains that contains or holds of or holds of cell’scell’s
organellesorganelles
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The Nucleus The Nucleus • The brain of the cellThe brain of the cell
• Contains all of an Contains all of an organisms genetic organisms genetic informationinformation
• Controls ALL Controls ALL cellular functionscellular functions
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The Nucleus Cont……The Nucleus Cont……• NucleolusNucleolus- the - the
center of the center of the nucleus contains nucleus contains chromosomes and chromosomes and makes ribosomesmakes ribosomes
• Nuclear Envelope-Nuclear Envelope- separates nucleus separates nucleus from the cytoplasmfrom the cytoplasm
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The MitochondrionThe Mitochondrion• Supplies the energy Supplies the energy
needed by the cellneeded by the cell
• Also known as the Also known as the “power house” of “power house” of the cellthe cell
• ATP is the cells ATP is the cells form of energyform of energy
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LysosomesLysosomes• Also known as Also known as
the stomach or the stomach or trash can of the trash can of the cellcell
• It contains the It contains the cells digestive cells digestive enzymesenzymes
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RibosomesRibosomes• Ribosomes make Ribosomes make
proteins which proteins which contain genetic contain genetic informationinformation
• The ribosome is The ribosome is made in the made in the nucleolus nucleolus
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The Golgi ApparatusThe Golgi Apparatus• Packages proteins Packages proteins
for export by the for export by the cellcell
• Similar to factory Similar to factory workers workers
• Appear as flattened Appear as flattened sacks sacks
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MicrotubulesMicrotubules• Pass information Pass information
from the nucleus from the nucleus to other parts of to other parts of the cellsthe cells
• Microtubules act Microtubules act as telephone as telephone wires wires
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Smooth Endoplasmic Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum
• Makes steroids and Makes steroids and regulates calcium regulates calcium levelslevels
• Breaks down toxic Breaks down toxic substancessubstances
• Smooth ER acts like Smooth ER acts like a factorya factory
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Rough Endoplasmic Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum
• Moves proteins Moves proteins through the cellthrough the cell
• Rough ER acts as Rough ER acts as delivery trucksdelivery trucks
• Rough ER are Rough ER are covered in covered in ribosomesribosomes
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Cell MembraneCell Membrane• Selectively Selectively
permeable / semi-permeable / semi-permeablepermeable
• Lipid bi-layer (2) Lipid bi-layer (2) • Controls what Controls what
enters and leaves enters and leaves the cell the cell
• Found in both plant Found in both plant and animal cellsand animal cells
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The Plant CellThe Plant Cell• Contains many Contains many
of the same of the same organelles as the organelles as the animal cellsanimal cells
• Characterized by Characterized by its square shape, its square shape, chloroplast, and chloroplast, and central vacuolecentral vacuole
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The Cell WallThe Cell Wall• Help plants to Help plants to
keep their shape keep their shape and offers and offers protectionprotection
• Made of Made of cellulose, a cellulose, a carbohydratecarbohydrate
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ChloroplastChloroplast• Uses light energy Uses light energy
to make sugars to make sugars (food for plants)(food for plants)
• The site of The site of photosynthesis photosynthesis
• Contains Contains chlorophyll which chlorophyll which gives plants their gives plants their green colorgreen color
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VacuoleVacuole• Stores water, Stores water,
nutrients and nutrients and wasteswastes
• The largest The largest organelle found organelle found in the plant cellin the plant cell
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The Eukaryotic CellThe Eukaryotic Cell
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