The Causes,Effects and Management of Flooding in LoughtonLoughton Brook

What is flooding?Flooding is the result of a river discharge exceeding its bankfull capacityLoughton Brook is managed to prevent flooding

Is Flooding a Naturalor man made event?It is a natural event but is made worse by human activity.

When is flooding a problem?

When is flooding not a problem?Think about the areas in which it can occur and the damage.

What factors affect how quickly a river responds to rainfall?Try to think of at least three each before following onto the next slide.

It is affected by:The Lag timeSize of drainage basinGeologySteep valley sidesLand use e.g. urban / ruralType of precipitationNumber of rivers in a drainage basin

How do people change these factors?DeforestationDecreased interception of rainfall and increased run-off due to soil erosion.UrbanisationConcrete structures are impermeable. www.nature.com

Why do people live in areas at risk from flooding?Areas of flooding are usually on flat land. What is this ideal for?Flooding can create fertile soil, what would this be useful for?Historic reasons

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What responses are there to the flood risk?Hard engineeringChannel straighteningDams & storage pondsSoft EngineeringAforestationDo nothingAllow areas to flood compensation?

When it impacts on human activityWhen it occurs in open areas where human activity is low e.g. recreational land. When it doesnt cause emotional or financial damage

Flat land is good to build upon. Water source and fertile soil is good for agriculture.