Download - The Arts
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The Arts
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What Is Art?
Art is the creative use of the human imagination to aesthetically interpret, express, and engage life, modifying experienced reality in the process.
Most societies past and present have used art to give meaningful expression to almost every part of their culture, including ideas about religion, kinship, and ethnic identity.
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Views About Art
American View– Nonessential
Communicate– Feelings– Make statements– Share values
Marcel Duchamp, The Fountain, 1917.
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Art and Anthropology
Why study art?– Cultural insight
• Religion
• Social Structure
• Lifeways
• Subsistence
• Resources
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What Are the Functions of Art?
Myths offer basic explanations about the world and set cultural standards for right behavior.
Verbal arts transmit and preserve a culture’s customs and values.
Any art form may contribute to the cohesiveness or solidarity of that society.
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Social Functions of Art
Individuality – express individual tastes
Social Identity – identify with specific group
Social Status – can show wealth, expressed through cars, clothing, etc.
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Art
The creative use of the human imagination to interpret, express, and enjoy life.
From the uniquely human ability to use symbols to give shape and significance to the physical world for more than just a utilitarian purpose.
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Art for Arts Sake
Art for Ritual– Not to be seen by all
• Tutankhamen
– Not to be saved for posterity• Navajo
• Johann Sebastian Bach
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Types of Art
Verbal arts– Folklore
Music– Verbal
– Nonverbal
Pictorial Arts– Painting
– Sculpture
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Verbal arts
Stories within a culture reflecting a history, gender relationships, proper or improper behavior, or religious beliefs.
Examples: Narratives, dramas, poetry, incantations, proverbs, compliments, and insults.
art
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Verbal Arts - Myth
Religious
A myth provides rationale for religious beliefs and practices.
Creation myths
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Verbal Arts – Legend
Stories told as true
Common elements– No known author
– Multiple versions
– Detail
– Insight to society
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Verbal Arts - Tale
Common elements– Secular
– Nonhistorical
– Entertainment
– May be moralistic
Motif– Story situation
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Verbal Arts – Poetry and Epics
Poetry - Allows for inappropriate subjects to be talked about
– Epics - Long oral narratives, sometimes in poetry or rhythmic prose, recounting the glorious events in the life of a real or legendary person.
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Music
Ethnomusicology – Study of music in a specific culture.
Anthropology studies how a culture defines music.
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Music
Verbal and nonverbalAbstract emotionDefine – Indigenous terms– Musical lingo
• Melody, rhythm, form
Components– Repetition– Tonality
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Functions of Music
Group identification
Self-identification
Political commentary
Social commentary
Social function– Entertainment
– Work
– Oral tradition
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Pictorial Arts
A type of symbolic expression that can be realistic or abstract.
Aesthetic approach - Looks at technique and form.
Narrative approach - Looks at what is depicted.
Interpretive approach – Looks at symbols and beliefs that are depicted in art, a knowledge of these must first be understood.
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Pictorial Art
Various mediums– Drawing, painting,
sketching, etc…
– Walls, rock, fibers, wood, animal hide, plants, clay, etc…
Symbolic expression
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Rock Art
Pictographs– Painting
Petroglyph– Pecking
Anthropomorphic
Animals
Abstract
Ritualistic
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Non-Representational
Meaning
Entoptic phenomena– Trance phase 1
– Nervous system
– Geometric patterns
Construal– Trance phase 2
– Brain makes sense of image
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Representational
Naturalistic
Western art
Abstracted– Style
– Technique
– Ability
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Art and Iconography
Symbols
Colors
Meaning to culture
Hard to decipher
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Sculpture
Many forms– Relief
– In the round
Media– Marble
– Mixed