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THE ART OF CHINA
Lecture 3B: The Tomb of Emperor Qin
Art of the Han Dynasty
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THE IMPERIAL PERIOD BEGINS…
• The Chinese empire established by Qin after a period of Civil War in 221 BCE.
• Absolute rule. Loyalty or death! Maintained power in part thru burning books, outlawing Confucian ideals of government, and expanding the Great Wall.
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The Great Wall of China…is actually several walls. Today’s walls
are built on the original walls from Qin’s time.
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THE TOMB OF QIN
• Discovered in the 1970’s by peasants.
• Took 38 years to create.
– 20 square miles
– 249 foot tall mound
• Underground city has army barracks with over 8000 terracotta soldiers, horses, and chariots, bronzes, silk, jade, weapons. The soldier’s face east, ready to battle.
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• In 2012 remains of a palace complex were discovered.
• The Emperor’s tomb has not yet been excavated.
• Myths surrounding the tomb say Qin is buried amongst rivers of mercury, a sky with pearl stars, and perhaps a pit of concubines.
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THE HAN DYNASTY
• Western Han: 206 BCE-9 CE.
• Eastern Han: 25-220 CE.
• In 206 BCE a peasant was named emperor and the Han dynasty was established.
• Re-established Confucian and Daoist principles in China.
• Poetry, literature, the arts, and science flourished.
Female Dancer, Western Han dynasty (206 B.C.–9 A.D.), 2nd century B.C.
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THE BOSHAN LU INCENSE BURNER: CULT OF THE SACRED MOUNTAINS
• Daoists believe heaven and earth meet at the tops of mountains.
• Designed so the smoke would rise out of vessel and appear like clouds.
• Ash analysis reveals that thatch grass, magnolia, and cannabis were some of the substances burned.
Mountain-Shaped Incense Burner at the
Art Institute of Chicago.
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Bronze incense burner inlaid with gold,
accidentally discovered in 1968 at Man
Ch'eng County, Hebei (Hopei) Province,
from the tomb of the Han prince,Liu
Sheng (died 113 B.C.).
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“I value this perfect utensil, lofty
and steep as a mountain…It
contains rare perfumes, red flames
and green smoke; densely
ornamented are its side, and its
summit joins azure heaven. A
myraid animals are depicted on it.
Ah, from its sides I can see even
fruther than Li Lou (who had
legendary eyesight).
~ Liu Xiang, Han Dynasty scholar.
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LADY DAI: CHINA’S SLEEPING BEAUTY
• Tomb excavated in the 1970s with help of local high school students.
• Mummy of Lady Dai well preserved in a multilayered coffin and silks so part of her po (soul) could stay with her body.
• Flying banner illustrates the re-emergence of Daoist belief.
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Lady’s Dai’s Coffin’s as
uncovered (left) and
restored (below).
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Lai Dai’s Flying Banner, Painted
silk from the tomb of Dai Hou Fu-
ren, ca. 168 BCE.
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Lai Dai’s Flying Banner, Painted
silk from the tomb of Dai Hou Fu-
ren, ca. 168 BCE.
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AFTER LECTURE 3B YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO…
• Explain the features of Emperor Qin’s rule and how
his ideas are reflected in his tomb.
• Identify how Daoist beliefs are made visible in the
arts of the Han, and the Boshan-Lu incense burners
and the grave goods of Lady Dai in particular.
• Discuss the iconography and form of Lady Dai’s Flying
Banner.