2004-2005
The Application and Technology of Slickwater
FracturingPresented By:
Gary Schein
Region Technical Manager
BJ Services Company
What Is A Slickwater/Water FracWhat Is A Slickwater/Water Frac
Fracture treatment that utilizes large volume of water to create adequate fracture geometry and conductivity to obtain commercial production from low permeability, large net pay reservoirs.
What Is A Slickwater/Water FracWhat Is A Slickwater/Water Frac
Slickwater FracsLight Sand FracsWater Fracs (No Proppant?)Low Proppant FracsLow Conductivity FracsTreated Water Fracs Hybrids?
What Is A Hybrid Frac?What Is A Hybrid Frac?Slickwater Followed by Linear GelLinear Gel Frac Fluid onlySlickwater Pad Followed by Crosslinked Prop Laden FluidSlickwater Prepad Followed by Low Polymer Crosslinked Pad and Prop Laden Frac FluidCrosslinked Pad Followed by Slickwater Prop Laden
Why Do Slickwater Fracs Work?Why Do Slickwater Fracs Work?
Fractures Create Rough Surfaces, A Residual Conductive Frac May Exist After ClosureNatural Fractures Contributes to ProductionTight, Low Pressure Reservoirs May Exhibit Clean-up Problems With Conventional Gels
Why Do Slickwater Fracs Work?Why Do Slickwater Fracs Work?
Failure Mechanisms In Rock– Hydraulic Fracture vs. Residual
Deformation– Shear or Slippage Type Failures
Fracture Extension Using Thin Low Viscosity Fluids
Screening Criteria for Screening Criteria for Slickwater Frac TreatmentsSlickwater Frac Treatments“Dry” Gas Saturated– Formation Fluids Block Pore Throats and
effect Conductivity in Low Perm RockLow Permeability– Reservoir Requires Large Surface-Area
Fractures and Extension with Low Leak-offNaturally Fractured Reservoir– Microfractures or Other Natural Fractures
Contribute to Productivity
Screening Criteria for Screening Criteria for Slickwater Frac TreatmentsSlickwater Frac Treatments
Formation Barriers– Some Level of Barrier Above and Below the
Zone to Aid in Fracture ContainmentFormation Sensitivity– Low Levels of Sensitivity of the Formation
to Large Volumes of Water - Clay AnalysisWells Where Massive and Large Volume Fracs were Volumetrically Successful, Yet Economically Marginal
Screening Criteria for Screening Criteria for Slickwater Frac TreatmentsSlickwater Frac Treatments
Non-Depleted Reservoir Pressure– Sufficient Pressure Must Exist to Flow Back
Fracturing Fluids– Too Much Water Can “Over-Saturate” the
Reservoir Leading to Poor Production Results
Stimulation Fluid OptionsStimulation Fluid Options
31.1
23.8
15 14.3
78.4
0.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
% of Total Jobs
Fracturing Fluid Usage US (2004)
Slick Water Borates Low Polymer B Low Polymer Z Organo Borates CMHPG Oil Gels
31.1
23.8
15 14.3
78.4
0.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
% of Total Jobs
Fracturing Fluid Usage US (2004)
Slick Water Borates Low Polymer B Low Polymer Z Organo Borates CMHPG Oil Gels
Fracturing Challenges for Slickwater Fracturing Challenges for Slickwater The major challenge in naturally fractured reservoirs is determining stimulation mechanismIs the stimulation response based on:– Solubilization of water soluble salts in the
fracture system– Water imbibition and hydrocarbon
displacement– The mechanical miss-alignment of the fracture
faces– Creation of rubblized proppant yielding
additional conductivityProppant transport with slick water fracturing fluids is a critical consideration for stimulation
Geographical Areas with Geographical Areas with Successful Slickwater FracsSuccessful Slickwater Fracs
Barnett Shale
Bossier Sand
Austin Chalk
Olmos Sand
Cotton Valley SandsGranite Wash
General Design CriteriaGeneral Design CriteriaCotton Valley Sand Cotton Valley Sand -- East Texas/North East Texas/North LouisianaLouisiana
1500-2000 Gal/Ft (18.6-24.8 m3/m) of Gross Height10-30% of Total Volume PadRemaining 70-90% as Follows:– 55-65% Containing .25 - 1.25 ppg (30-150 kg/m3) Prop– 35-45% Containing 1.25 - 2.5 ppg (150-300 kg/m3)
Prop– Last Stage Ramp 3-5 ppg (300-600 kg/m3) Prop
Total Rate - 40-80 BPM (6.4-12.7 m3/min)20/40 and 40/70 Mesh Proppant Included
PROCEDURE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Fluid ProppantCum(lbs)
Conc.(ppa)
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
4.00
100%Sand, White, 40/70
100%Sand, White, 40/70
100%Sand, White, 40/70
100%Sand, White, 40/70
100%Sand, White, 40/70
100%Sand, White, 40/70
100%Sand, White, 40/70
100%Sand, White, 20/40
100%Sand, White, 20/40
100%Sand, White, 20/40
100%Sand, White, 20/40
100%Sand, White, 20/40
100%Sand, White, 20/40
100%Sand, White, 20/40
100%Sand, White, 20/40
100%Sand, White, 20/40
Type
Slickwater
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Slickwater/Prop
Volume(gal)
191000
15000
15000
10000
10000
10000
10000
7500
15000
15000
10000
10000
7500
7500
7500
4000
3000
3750
7500
7500
10000
12500
15000
15000
3750
7500
7500
10000
11250
15000
18750
12000
12000
Type Stage(lbs)stage
3750
11250
18750
28750
41250
56250
71250
75000
82500
90000
100000
111250
126250
145000
157000
169000
Pump Rate 50 BPM
PROCEDURE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
Fluid ProppantCum(lbs)
Conc.(ppa)
0.250.500.75
1.00
1.25
1.25
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
F E TEvaluate F E TPad100%Sand, White, 40/70100%Sand, White, 40/70100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep
Type
SlickwaterShut DownSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwater
Volume(gal)
200001
900001000010000200008000
150008000
100005000
1000010000550050006000500060005000600050006000500060005000550050006000500060005000600050006000500060005000
25005000
15000
15000
12500
12500
8250
9000
9000
9000
9000
9000
9625
10500
10500
10500
10500
10500
Type Stage(lbs)stage
25007500
22500225003750037500500005000062500625007075070750797507975088750887509775097750
106750106750115750115750125375125375135875135875146375146375156875156875167375167375177875
PROCEDURE
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
Fluid ProppantCum(lbs)
Conc.(ppa)2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.50
2.50
2.50
2.50
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70
Type
SlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwater
Volume(gal)
5500500060005000600050006000500060005000600050006000550060005500600055006000550060006500600065006000650060006500600075006000650060006500600065006000
11000
12000
12000
12000
12000
12000
15000
15000
15000
15000
18000
18000
18000
18000
18000
24000
24000
24000
24000
Type Stage(lbs)stage
188875188875200875200875212875212875224875224875236875236875248875248875263875263875278875278875293875293875308875308875326875326875344875344875362875362875380875380875398875398875422875422875446875446875470875470875
PROCEDURE
75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82
83
Fluid ProppantCum(lbs)
584875
614875
Conc.(ppa)
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep100%Sand, White, 40/70Sweep83.33%Sand, White, 40/70
Sweep83.33%Sand, White, 40/70
Flush
Type
SlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwater
SlickwaterSlickwater
Slickwater
Volume(gal)
750060006500600065006000
65006000
5674
30000
30000
24999
24999
Type
614875 622175Total
Stage(lbs)stage
16.67%FlexSand MSE, 14/30
16.67%FlexSand MSE, 14/30
5001
5001
494875524875524875554875554875
584875
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
Fluid ProppantCum(lbs)
Conc.(ppa)
0.25
0.50
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.50
1.50
1.75
Load Hole/BalloutDisplace BallsDiagnosticsPad100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
Type
SlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwaterSlickwater20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel
Volume(gal)
150001500015000
100000160008000
160008000
15000100001500010000150001000015000100008500850085008500
110001000013000100001400015000130009000
140009500
150009500
1500010000150001000015000
4000
8000
11250
11250
11250
11250
8500
8500
11000
13000
14000
16250
17500
18750
22500
22500
26250
Type Stage(lbs)stage
40004000
120001200023250232503450034500457504575057000570006550065500740007400085000850009800098000
112000112000128250128250145750145750164500164500187000187000209500209500
PROCEDURE
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
Fluid ProppantCum(lbs)
Conc.(ppa)
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Tempered HS, 40/70
100%Econoprop, 20/40
100%Econoprop, 20/40
Type
20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear Gel20# Linear GelSlickwater Flush
Volume(gal)
100001500010000150001000016000100001400010537
30000
37500
48000
49000
Type
400250 645537Total
Stage(lbs)stage
235750265750265750303250303250351250351250400250
Oklahoma
Texas
New MexicoArkansas
Louisi
Mimms Creek, Dew, Dowdy Ranch, Nan-Su-Gail, and Donie Fields- Freestone County, Texas
Freestone
Area of Interest
General Design CriteriaGeneral Design CriteriaBossier Sand CompletionsBossier Sand Completions
•Treated Fresh Water with Friction Reducer and “Hybrids”
•+/- 400,000 gals. (1500 m3) Fluid•+/- 50-300,000 lbs. (33-136 Metric Tons) 40/70
AcFrac Black, Tempered HS, Ceramics•150-300,000 lbs. (68-136 Metric Tons) 20/40 Mesh
Resin (Hybrids)•Proppant Concentrations .25-3 ppg (30-360
kg/m3) •60-80 BPM (9.5-12.7 m3/min)
Slickwater Treatment Schedule Slickwater Treatment Schedule (Original Designs)(Original Designs)
Stage Fluid Type Rate Fluid Volume Prop Conc. Proppant Type1 Slickwater - Pad 80 700002 Slickwater 80 6000 0.25 20/40 Acfrac Black3 Slickwater - Pad 80 50004 Slickwater 80 10000 0.25 20/40 Acfrac Black5 Slickwater - Pad 80 240006 Slickwater 80 6000 0.5 20/40 Acfrac Black7 Slickwater - Pad 80 240008 Slickwater 80 10000 0.5 20/40 Acfrac Black9 Slickwater - Pad 80 2400010 Slickwater 80 10000 0.5 20/40 Acfrac Black11 Slickwater - Pad 80 2400012 Slickwater 80 10000 0.5 20/40 Acfrac Black13 Slickwater - Pad 80 2400014 Slickwater 80 10000 0.75 20/40 Acfrac Black15 Slickwater - Flush 80 33000
Slickwater Treatment Schedule Slickwater Treatment Schedule -- Bossier SandBossier SandStage Fluid Type Rate Fluid Volume Prop Conc. Proppant Type
1 Slickwater - Pad 70 480002 Slickwater 70 5000 0.25 40/70 Acfrac Black3 Slickwater - Pad 70 50004 Slickwater 70 5000 0.25 40/70 Acfrac Black5 Slickwater - Pad 70 50006 Slickwater 70 5000 0.5 40/70 Acfrac Black7 Slickwater - Pad 70 50008 Slickwater 70 5000 0.5 40/70 Acfrac Black9 Slickwater - Pad 70 500010 Slickwater 70 5000 0.5 40/70 Acfrac Black11 Slickwater - Pad 70 500012 Slickwater 70 5000 0.5 40/70 Acfrac Black13 Slickwater - Pad 70 500014 Slickwater 70 5000 0.5 40/70 Acfrac Black15 Slickwater - Pad 70 500016 Slickwater 70 5000 0.5 40/70 Acfrac Black17 Slickwater - Pad 70 500018 Slickwater 70 5000 0.5 40/70 Acfrac Black19 Slickwater - Pad 70 500020 Slickwater 70 5000 0.75 40/70 Acfrac Black
Slickwater Treatment Schedule, ConSlickwater Treatment Schedule, Con’’tt21 Slickwater - Pad 70 5000 22 Slickwater 70 5000 0.75 40/70 Acfrac Black23 Slickwater - Pad 70 500024 Slickwater 70 5000 0.75 40/70 Acfrac Black25 Slickwater - Pad 70 500026 Slickwater 70 5000 0.75 40/70 Acfrac Black27 Slickwater - Pad 70 500028 Slickwater 70 5000 0.75 40/70 Acfrac Black29 Slickwater - Pad 70 500030 Slickwater 70 5000 0.75 40/70 Acfrac Black31 Slickwater - Pad 70 500032 Slickwater 70 5000 1 40/70 Acfrac Black33 Slickwater - Pad 70 500034 Slickwater 70 5000 1 40/70 Acfrac Black35 Slickwater - Pad 70 500036 Slickwater 70 5000 1 40/70 Acfrac Black37 Slickwater - Pad 70 500038 Slickwater 70 5000 1 40/70 Acfrac Black39 Slickwater - Pad 70 500040 Slickwater 70 5000 1 40/70 Acfrac Black
Slickwater Treatment Schedule, ConSlickwater Treatment Schedule, Con’’tt41 Slickwater - Pad 70 500042 Slickwater 70 5000 1 40/70 Acfrac Black43 Slickwater - Pad 70 500044 Slickwater 70 5000 1.25 40/70 Acfrac Black45 Slickwater - Pad 70 500046 Slickwater 70 5000 1.25 40/70 Acfrac Black47 Slickwater - Pad 70 500048 Slickwater 70 5000 1.25 40/70 Acfrac Black49 Slickwater - Pad 70 500050 Slickwater 70 5000 1.25 40/70 Acfrac Black51 Slickwater - Pad 70 500052 Slickwater 70 5000 1.25 40/70 Acfrac Black53 Slickwater - Pad 70 500054 Slickwater 70 5000 1.25 40/70 Acfrac Black55 Slickwater - Pad 70 500056 Slickwater 70 5000 1.25 40/70 Acfrac Black57 Slickwater - Pad 70 500058 Slickwater 70 5000 1.25 40/70 Acfrac Black59 Slickwater - Pad 70 500060 Slickwater 70 5000 1.5 40/70 Acfrac Black
Slickwater Treatment Schedule, Slickwater Treatment Schedule, ConCon’’tt
61 Slickwater - Pad 70 500062 Slickwater 70 5000 1.75 40/70 Acfrac Black63 Slickwater - Pad 70 500064 Slickwater 70 5000 1.75 40/70 Acfrac Black65 Slickwater - Pad 70 500066 Slickwater 70 5000 2 40/70 Acfrac Black67 Slickwater - Pad 70 500068 Slickwater 70 5000 2 40/70 Acfrac Black69 Slickwater - Flush 70 25000
Slickwater Treatment
PROCEDURE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Fluid ProppantCum(lbs)
6000
21000
57000
111000
161000
186000
210000
210000
Conc.(ppa)
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
2.50
3.00
100%AcFrac Black Plus
100%AcFrac Black Plus
100%AcFrac Black Plus
100%AcFrac Black Plus
100%AcFrac Black Plus
100%AcFrac Black Plus
100%AcFrac Black Plus
100%AcFrac Black Plus
Type
Slickwater Prepad
15% HCL Acid
Slickwater Prepad
Slickwater Prepad
Viking 1D 3500
Viking 1D 3500
Viking 1D 3500 -
Viking 1D 3500 -
Viking 1D 3500 -
Viking 1D 3500 -
Viking 1D 3500 --
Viking 1D 3500 --
Slickwater Flush
Volume(gal)
1000
2000
20000
85000
52000
12000
15000
24000
27000
20000
10000
8000
11369
6000
15000
36000
54000
50000
25000
24000
Type
“Hybrid” Treatment Schedule - Recent Modifications
Conventional Frac Without Slickwater Pad
Hybrid Job
Slickwater Pad Followed by Crosslink Fluid
Mimms CreekAverage Daily Well Production Per Month
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Month
Rat
e (M
CFD
)
Slickwater Fracs
Hybrid/ConventionalFracs
Newark East Field
Area of InterestJack
Palo PintoParker
Hood
Erath
MontagueGraysonCooke
Wise Denton Collin
Tarrant Dallas
Rockwa
JohnsonEllis
Somervell
Oklahoma
Texas
New MexicoArk
L
General Design CriteriaGeneral Design CriteriaVertical Wells Vertical Wells -- Barnett ShaleBarnett Shale
Upper and Lower Barnett Shales+/- 2,200-2,400 gal/ft (27.3-29.8 m3/m) of Gross Height40% Pad, 50% .015 - .25#, 10% 0.25-2# Ramp20/40 Ottawa Sand and 40/70 Ottawa SandTotal Rate = 40-85 BPM (6.4-13.5 m3/min)5 1/2” CasingFresh Water and Friction ReducerAdditives May Include Biocide, Surfactant, Scale Inhibitor
General Design CriteriaGeneral Design CriteriaHorizontal Wells Horizontal Wells -- Barnett ShaleBarnett Shale+/- 1,200,0000 - 4,000,000 Gallons (4,545-15,142 m3) Frac Fluid10-12% Pad, 75-80% .1 -.4 lb/gal, 10% 0.25-2 lb/gal Ramp20/40 Ottawa Sand and 40/70 Ottawa Sand(some 30/50 mesh Sand)
Total Rate = 70-200 BPM (11.1-31.8 m3/min)5 1/2” Casing (7” Casing for 150-200 BPM)Fresh Water and Friction ReducerAdditives May Include Biocide, Surfactant, Scale Inhibitor
(lbs)Conc.(ppa)
0.20
0.35
0.40
1.00
Pad
100%Sand, White, 40/70
100%Sand, White, 40/70
100%Sand, White, 20/40
100%Sand, White, 20/40
Type
Water Frac
Water Frac
Water Frac
Water Frac
Water Frac
Water Frac
Volume(gal)230000
60000
1200000
440000
95000
11680
12000
420000
176000
95000
Type
703000 2036680Totals
Stage(lbs)stage
12000
432000
608000
703000
TREATMENT SCHEDULE
5476.2 1428.6
28571.4 10476.2 2261.9 278.1
999.0 1736.5 1980.2 4821.8
1 2 3 4 5 6
00:45:3800:12:0004:01:5101:28:5200:19:4200:02:19
120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0
5476.2 6917.7
35941.6 46607.4 48971.6 49249.7
5476.2 1441.5
29023.9 10665.8 2364.2 278.1
Rates StagePumpTime
hh:mm:ss 120.0 118.9 118.1 117.9 114.8 120.0
Prop.Rate
(lb/min)
CleanFluid(bpm)
Cum.(bbls)
Stage(bbls)
Cum.(bbls)
Stage(bbls)
5476.2 6904.8
35476.2 45952.4 48214.3 48492.4
06:50:24Total Pump Time:
SurfaceTreatingPressure
(psi) 5458 5546 5612 5634 5896 5458
VolumeSlurry Fluid
stageSlurry
ReRe--Fracturing OpportunitiesFracturing Opportunities
Re-fracs of previously fractured Barnett Shale wells has proven to be successful
Re-fracs using ULW 125 proppants has provided interesting results
ReRe--Fracturing OpportunitiesFracturing OpportunitiesProduction Comparisons - Median before Refrac, Median after
Conventional Refrac, Median after ULW-125 Refrac
0100200300400500600700800900
1,0001,1001,2001,3001,4001,500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Mcf
d
base median conv refrac median liteprop refrac median g20h
Completion & Stimulation Design Completion & Stimulation Design PhilosophiesPhilosophies
Well path considerations
Size casing for both production and stimulation
Utilize effective zonal isolation
Consider both induced and natural fracture azimuth
Plan should include re-stimulation methodology
Analyze successful stimulation trends
Treatment volume; fluid and proppant, has a direct impact on results
Proppant Settling and TransportProppant Settling and Transport
Stoke’s Law (Modified)
Vfall= 1.15 X 103 (d2prop/viscfluid) (SGprop-SGfluid)
Vfall = Settling Rated2
prop = Avg. Particle Diameterviscfluid = Fluid ViscositySGprop = Particle Specific GravitySGfluid = Fluid Specific Gravity
Proppant SettlingProppant SettlingAverage Particle Size– 20/40 Mesh 0.0248 (in) 0.63 (mm)– 40/70 Mesh 0.0124 (in) 0.315 (mm)– 45/65 Mesh 0.0114 (in) 0.281 (mm)
Specific Gravity– Bauxite 3.65 g/cm2
– Sand 2.65 g/cm2
– ULW-125 1.25 g/cm2
Settling Velocity of Various Settling Velocity of Various Proppants In SlickwaterProppants In Slickwater
2 0 /4 0 P ro p p an tS p ec ificG ra v ity
S e ttlin g V elo c ity f t/m in m /m in
B a u x ite 3 .6 5 2 3 .2 7 .0 7W h ite S a n d 2 .6 5 1 6 .6 5 .0 6R esin C o a ted S a n d 2 .5 5 1 5 .9 4 .8 5U L W -1 2 5 1 .2 5 4 .3 1 .3 1
4 0 /7 0 P ro p p an tS p ec ificG ra v ity
S e ttlin g V elo c ity F t/m in m /m in
B a u x ite 3 .6 5 6 .0 1 .8 3W h ite S a n d 2 .6 5 4 .4 1 .3 4R esin C o a ted S a n d 2 .5 5 4 .2 1 .2 84 5 /6 5 U L W -1 2 5 1 .2 5 1 .2 0 .3 6 6
Consideration During StimulationConsideration During Stimulation
Procedure should anticipate treating
variations
Build in flexibility chemical & mechanical
diversion
Develop procedure to optimize fluid and
proppant volume.
Consider scale and corrosion issues
Treating pressure should guide your
Slickwater Fracture ModelingSlickwater Fracture Modeling
Perform Pump in, Step Down, and
FET(Fluid Efficiency Test) to validate the
Model and Design
Model Should Consider Non-Wall
building fluid character and proppant
transport
Recent Changes and Recent Changes and ConsiderationsConsiderations
Use of 40/70 ProppantUse of Ultra Light Weight ProppantsLinear Gel vs. SlickwaterUse of Material to Eliminate Proppant FlowbackHybrid Treatments - Slickwater Pads, Linear Fluids, Light Crosslinked GelsDesign Based on Well Conditions and Success
Proppant Settling VelocityProppant Settling Velocity
23.2
2017.2 16.6 15.9
11.2
4.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
Vt ft/min
Bauxite 3.65 ISP 3.15 Carbolite 2.73 Sand 2.65RCS 2.55 LiteProp 175 LiteProp 125
Slickwater Frac Completions Slickwater Frac Completions SummarySummary
Reservoir Quality is Key to SuccessSlickwater Fracs are Successful More Proppant Makes Better WellsSlickwater Fracs in Tight Gas Sands Can be Very Statistical The Optimum Treatment is Based on Customers Economics and Return On Investment
Slickwater Frac Completions Slickwater Frac Completions Summary ConSummary Con’’tt
More Proppant Has Shown to Increase Fluid Recovery and Improve Production 40/70 Proppant Allows Higher Concentrations and Increased ConductivityTreatment Volume Optimization of Both Fluid and Proppant is Critical Additional Work Needs to Be Performed to Establish Successful Completions Where Little to No Barrier Exists and Evaluate Long Term Results
Questions?Questions?