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Telecom, Wireless &
Networks
Fundamentals
Media, Devices, and Software
Wireless Telecommunications
Networks and Distributed Computing
Please discontinue use of cell
phone and turn off ringer
Chapter 5
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5.1
Fundamentals of
Telecommunications
Telecommunications
Networking mediaAnalog signal
Digital signal
Bandwidth Broadband
Key Terms
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Telecommunications
Telecommunications: The electronic
transmission of signals over a medium
for communications.
(cables or air)
Sender and Receiver must speak the same language.
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Types of Signals Analog Signal:
transmit sound
using continuouslyvarying levels of
voltage.
Digital Signal:
transmits data usingtwo discrete states of
voltage: high and low
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Signal Frequency Frequency: the speed at which a signal
changes from high to low.
Bandwidth: the range of signal frequenciesthat can be sent over a given medium at the
same time. Often expressed as bits per second
Broadband: faster than 200Kbps
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5.2
Networking Media,
Devices, and Software
Twisted pair cable
Coaxial cable Fiber-optic cable
Radio wave
Modem
Network adapter
Microwave transmission Communications satellite
Ethernet
Key Terms
The fundamental components of
telecommunications networks
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Networking Media Twisted Pair Cable
Used for traditional phone lines, twisted pairs of
wires in plastic sheathing.
Coaxial CableUsed for home cable TV, thick copper core wire faster than twisted pair.
FiberOptic CableThin strands of glass are used to send light beams
highest bandwidth cable, most expensive.
Radio WavesElectromagnetic waves transmitted through the air
at various frequencies.
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Radio Waves Radio waves use differing frequencies to carry
many types of information: AM & FM Radio
Short Wave & CB Radio
Television Broadcasts Garage Doors Openers
Baby Monitors
Cordless Phones
Cell Phones
Radio Controlled Cars and Airplanes
Global Positioning Systems
Wireless Computer Networks
Microwave Communications
http://www.nrpb.org/understand/radiowaves/radiowaves.htm
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/radio-spectrum1.htm
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EHF
SHFUHF
VHF
HF
MFLF
VLF
AM Radio (535-1700 kHz)
FM Radio (88-108 MHz)
CB Radio (26.96-27.41 MHz)
TV CH 2-6 (54-88 MHz)
TV CH 7-13 (174-220 MHz)
Cordless Phones (40-50 MHz)
Cell Phones (824-849 MHz)
Air traffic Control (960-1,215 MHz)Global Positioning System 1.23 and 1.58 GHz
10 kHz
30 kHz
300kHz
3 MHz
30 MHz
328.6 MHz
2.9 GHz
30 GHz
900-MHz cordless phones
Deep space radio communications (2.29-2.3 GHz)
The Radio Spectrum
Wi-fi Wireless Networks (2.4 GHz)
300 GHz
http://www.fcc.gov/oet/spectrum/
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Networking Devices Modem: modulates and demodulates
signals from one form to another.
Network Adapter: Expansion card, or
external device installed on a computingdevice used to connect to a network.
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Networking Devices Network Control Devices:
Hub/Switch
Controls flow of data betweendevices on a network
Router
Routs packets to destinations and
connects one network to another
Wireless Access Point
Allows devices to connect
wirelessly to a wired network
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13
High-frequency radio signals sent
up to 30 miles through the air.
Microwave Communications
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14
Microwave Communications
Line-of-sight communications
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15
Microwave CommunicationsSatelliteTransmission
Line-of-sight required
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Networking Software
Network administrators are
responsible for setting up and
maintaining the network.A network operating system
coordinates the network components
to support telecommunications. Ethernetis the most widely used
network standard for private networks.
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Review
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5.3
Wireless
Telecommunications
Technologies
Cellular network
Cellular carrier Global positioning system
Wireless fidelity (wi-fi)
WiMAX
Bluetooth Radio frequency identification
Key Terms
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Cell Phone Technologies
A cellular networkis a radio network in
which a geographic area is divided into
cells, with a transmission tower and
station at the center of each cell, to
support mobile communications.
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Cell Phone Technologies
A cellular carrier is a company that
builds and maintains a cellular
network and provides cell phone
service to the public.
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GSM and CDMA
Digital networking standards for
cell phone networks are GSM
and CDMA.
GSMis the most popular global
standard for mobile phones
The CDMA networking standard
is predominantly used in theUnited States where it is in equal
competition with GSM.
CDMA GSM
Verizon
Sprint
Nextel
Cingular
AT&T
T-Mobile
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GSM and CDMA
GSM Phones include a subscriber
identity module (SIM) for security and
convenient data transfer between
phones.
CDMA GSM
Verizon
Sprint
Nextel
Cingular
AT&T
T-Mobile
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Cell Phone Technologies
Consumers choose a carrier based
on coverage area, handsets
available, and services provided
service contracts are typically for
two years.
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Cell Phone Technologies
Learn about Service Plans,
Handsets, Features, and Services
by clicking the logos below.
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Cell Phone Technologies
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Cell Phone Technologies
Cell phone accessories provide added
features for example A 2 GB mini SD memory card can provide ample storage
digital photos, music, and video files. A Bluetooth headset allows you to interact with your
phone without taking it out of your pocket.
Car chargers allow you to
charge your cell phone from
your car power supply. Assorted cases protect cell
phones from damage and
make them handy to access.
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Wireless Technologies
Aircraft Navigation
The Global Positioning System
(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the
location of receivers on earth.
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Wireless Technologies
The Global Positioning System
(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the
location of receivers on earth. Seacraft Autopilot
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Wireless Technologies
Automobile Navigation
The Global Positioning System
(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the
location of receivers on earth.
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Wireless Technologies
Handheld Navigation
The Global Positioning System
(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the
location of receivers on earth.
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Wireless Technologies
Child Safety
The Global Positioning System
(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the
location of receivers on earth.
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Wireless Technologies
Emergency Call
The Global Positioning System
(GPS) uses satellites to pinpoint the
location of receivers on earth.
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Wireless Technologies
Wireless Fidelity(IEEE 802.11), orWi-fi, is
wireless networking technology that makes use
of access points to connect devices to
networks.
Access
Point
250-1,000 ft range
802.11b 4.5 Mbps
802.11g 11 Mbps
www.boingo.com
http://talgov.com/cit
ytlh/utilities/ubcs/canopy.html
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Wireless Technologies
WiMAX(IEEE 802.16) is the
next generation broadband
technology that is both faster andhas a longer range than Wi-fi
31 miles!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAXSeattles Space Needle ToBecome WiMax Antenna
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Wireless Technologies
Bluetooth is wireless technology
that enables a wide variety of
digital devices to communicate
directly. 33 ft range
1 Mbps
www.bluetooth.com
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Bluetooth
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Wireless Technologies
Infrared (IrDA) technology utilizes infrared
rays to send data over a short distance
wirelessly. 14 ft range
Narrow-angle cone (30o)
Line-of-sight
4-16 Mbps
www.mzoop.com
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Wireless Comparison
Wi-fi Access
point
centered
LAN
Omni-
direction
Through
obstructions
250 ft
range
indoors
11 Mbps
Bluetooth Point-to-
point
Omni-
direction
Through
obstructions
33 ft 1 Mbps
Infrared Point-to-
point
Narrow-
angle
Line-of-sight 14 ft 4 Mbps
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Wireless Technologies
Radio Frequency ID (RFID) uses
tiny transponders in tags that can
be attached to merchandise or
other objects and read using anRFID receiver or reader for the
purpose of identification.
Privacy issues hold this
technology back from item-levellabeling and barcode
replacement.
http://www.rfidjournal.com/
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Review
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5.4
Networks and Distributed
Computing
Personal Area Network
Local Area Network Intranet
VirtualPrivate Network
Metropolitan Area Network
Wide Area Network
Key Terms
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Computer Network Concepts
Distributed Computingrefers to a computingenvironment that includes
multiple remote computersthat work together to solveproblems and provideservices.
Database Servers
Application Servers
File Servers
Print Servers
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Network Types
Personal Area Network(PAN)
The wireless interconnection of
personal information technologydevices within the range of an
individual.
Mostly associated with Bluetooth
technology
http://www.scottevest.com/v3_product_info/features.shtml
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Network Types
Personal Area Network (PAN) Alternate
Definition
The human body is used to conduct a minimalelectric current to transfer information from one
individuals device to anothers. The original PAN wasdesigned by Thomas
Zimmerman and allowed
users to pass digital
electronic information
through touch, by transferringinformation from one
persons device to anothers,
running a subtle current
through the body.
http://www.almaden.ibm.com/cs/user/pan/pan.html
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Exchange emails throughhandshake
TWO Japanese telecoms giants have developed technology that turns the human body
into a broadband-paced link that allows e-mail addresses to be exchanged through a
simple handshake, a report said Monday.The technology, developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp. and its subsidiary
NTT DoCoMo Inc., uses the body's conductivity and adds the smarts of a personal digital
assistant (PDA), the Nihon Keizai Shimbun said.
A device attached to a PDA can send and receive weak electrical signals through people,
with human bodies as communications circuits, the paper said, citing sources close to
the companies.
Apparel and handbags have their own conductivity, allowing an electrical connection to a
PDA that can remain in one's pocket, the paper said.In this way, people can exchange e-mail addresses, names and phone numbers while
shaking hands, with the data automatically written into both their PDAs, the paper said.
The companies have confirmed in an experiment that data can be transmitted at 10
megabits per second, comparable to the speed of a broadband Internet connection, it
said.
The technology could allow data communications through door knobs, switches, desks
and chairs, the paper said. It could pave the way to one day being able to pass through
railway ticket gates or entering secure buildings with a simple touch. It could also get acomputer to start up with the proper settings as soon as the user sat down, the paper
said.
Agence France-Presse
See also
Microsoft patents body power
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Network Types
Local Area Network (LAN)
Connects computer systems and devices
within a common geographic area
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System Administrator
Local Area Network
Star
topology
Bus
topology
Servers
Wireless
access point
switch
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Network Types
Intranet
A private network that utilizes Internet
and Web protocols and software.
Virtual Private Network(VPN)
Uses the Internet to connect an
organizations networks dispersed aroundthe world into one large intranet.
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Network Types
A Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN) connects networks within
a city or metropolitan-size areainto a larger high-speed network.
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router
router
Wide Area NetworkConnects LANs between cities,
cross country, and around the
world using microwave and
satellite transmission or
telephone lines.FSU Tallahassee LAN
FSU Panama City LAN
Network Types
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A Global Network(International
Network) is a WAN that crosses
National boundaries.
Network Types
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Network Types
Electronic Data Interchange, orEDI, uses
networked systems and follows standards
and procedures that allow output from one
system to be processed directly as input to
other systems, without human participation.
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Installing Home Wi-fi
Requirements High-speed Internet
Cable Modem or DSL
Modem (provided beISP)
Wireless AccessPoint/Router
Wireless adapters for
each device. Additional Access Points
as needed. Cable Modem
Wireless AccessPoint / Router
To Cable Co.
Wireless home media: http://www.apple.com/airportexpress
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Review
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S di ith T h l
Chapter 5 Questions?
Dont forget to turn
your phone on!!