High Performance Buildings:
Chiller Efficiency Ideas
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 2
• Russ Phillips is a System Sales Engineer for Trane and is
responsible for developing and delivering building modernization and
improvement services and solutions.
• Russ has been with Trane for 11 years and has been in various sales
and leadership roles within the organization.
• He earned a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the
University of Missouri. He is also a registered professional engineer
(PE).
My Background
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 3
• Dedicated Heat Recovery Chillers
• Ice Storage
Our Agenda
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 4
•Simultaneous Chilled and Hot Water •Easy Addition to any Hydronic System •One to Four Year Payback •75% Reduction in CO2 Emissions •10 Tons to 1000 Tons •Hot Water Temps as high as 180°F
DEDICATED HEAT RECOVERY CHILLERS
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 5
Dedicated Heat Recovery Chiller
55F 45F
120F 130F
Where to Apply
•VAV Reheat
•Domestic Hot Water
•Low Temperature Heating
Cooling
Load
Heating
Load
$0.10/Therm
1.6 Kg CO2
per Therm
$1.11/Therm
5.9 Kg CO2
per Therm
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 6
Scenario 1: Chiller and Boiler both running
Chiller Cooling = 0.6 kw/Ton @ $0.10/kwh
= $0.51/100 MBTU
Boiler Heating = $1.00 THERM Natural Gas @ 80% Efficiency
= $1.25/100 MBTU
Total = $1.76
Dedicated Heat Recovery Chiller
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 7
Scenario 2: Boiler both running, Airside Economizer
Economizer Cooling = Free (outside air)
Boiler Heating = $1.00 THERM Natural Gas @ 80% Efficiency
= $1.25/100 MBTU
Total = $1.25
Dedicated Heat Recovery Chiller
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 8
Scenario 3: Dedicated Heat Recovery Chiller
HR Chiller Cooling = @0.85 kw/Ton @ $0.10/kwh
= $0.71/100 MBTU
HR Chiller Heating = 125 MBH of Free Heat
Total = $0.71 » 60% savings versus scenario 1
» 43% savings versus scenario 2
Dedicated Heat Recovery Chiller
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 9
Ice Storage
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 10
Travel Cooling
•Oversized for Most Use
•Plenty Horsepower
•Anytime Utility
•Expensive to Operate
•Oversized for Most Use
•Plenty Tons or Refrigeration
•Anytime Cooling
•Expensive to Operate
The Conventional Way…
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 11
Hybrid Travel Hybrid Cooling
•“Right” Sized Engine - handles
load efficiently most of the time
•Electric motors – kick in when
extra power is needed
•Battery – charged when
plugged in or braking
•“Right” Sized Chillers - handle load
efficiently most of the time
•Energy Storage – kick in when extra
cooling is needed
•Storage Tanks – are efficiently
charged at night when costs are low.
Today…
+
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 12
What’s a chiller’s electricity cost/ton to operate for 1 summer month ?
• Electric Rate
– Energy Charge = $0.07/kwh
– Demand Charge = $12/kw
• Chiller Assumptions
– 10 EER = 1.2 kw/ton
– Full load hours = 8 hrs/day x 5 days/week x 4 weeks/month = 160
• Energy Consumption Costs
– 1.2 kw x 160 hrs x $0.07/kwh = $13.44
• Demand Costs
– 1.2 kw x $12/kw = $14.40
• Demand = 14.40/(14.40 + 13.44) = 52% of the electric bill
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 13
What’s the Battery Look Like?
1190C2F
Around 20 tons of
cooling for 8 hours
3 Model 1500C2F’s
Around 180 tons of
cooling for 8 hours
1190C2F
- Requires less than 1% of conditioned space
- 40 + year life
- No mechanical fittings
- 10 year standard warranty; 20 years available
- 100% NON corrodible materials
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 14
Ice Storage Example
• Peak Cooling Load: 400 tons
• Conventional Chiller Plant Design
– Air cooled chillers
Qty 1 – 400 ton chiller
• Ice Storage Plant
– Air cooled chiller
Qty 1 – 240 ton chiller
1,200 ton-hours ice storage
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 15
Design Day Cooling Load Profile
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Cooling Load
Ice Storage Example
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 16
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450Ice Burn
Chiller To Ice
Chiller To Load
Plenty of time to re charge the battery! Typically use 6 to 12 hours!
40% load shift
Design Day Cooling Load Profile
Ice Storage Example
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 17
0
100
200
300
400
500Ice BurnChiller To Ice
40% load shift
Demand Savings:
$12/kw x 160 tons x 1.2 kw/ton x 6 months = ~$14,000 per year
Design Day Cooling Load Profile
Ice Storage Example
Achieving Superior Performance for Life 18
Russ Phillips
System Sales Engineer
Tennessee District
Trane
901-230-0468
Contact Information