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Teaching Literature in the English Language Class
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Sunday nightIn bed, hearing a cricket,Looking into the lights of the street
Monday morningPeru StreetSome waiting at the bus stopSome riding bikes to school
Walking inThe cars outside Jammed togetherStudents laughing at summer stories
'
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Back to School ISunday nightIn bed, hearing a cricket,Looking into the lights of the street
Monday morningPeru StreetSome waiting at the bus stopSome riding bikes to school
Walking inThe cars outside Jammed togetherStudents laughing at summer stories
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Literature in the English Language Class
• Lit with grammatical focus• Decline during
behaviorism• Beginning of CLT• Later (recent)
reconsideration
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Our challenge:
• Encourage self-expression and exploration
• Guide our students through a process of meaningful interaction with a text
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Why literature?• Linguistic, cultural and personal
growth models• Literary texts
– Rich and varied linguistic resource - provide phonological, lexical, syntactic, and discoursal acquisition
– Ideal resource for the development of language awareness: of language variation, of social appropriacy, of ideological bias, etc.
– Offer multicultural encounters– they can create “third places”
(Kramsch)– Promote personal growth – Access to
the universal human experience
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What is Lit?
• The ‘cannon’. Literature with capital L
• Aesthetic Reading: literature con small l. Promotes personal reaction
• Lit defined as genres and types of text
• Special uses of language: literary devices
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Strategies used by experienced readers:
• Visualize• Connect• Question• Infer• Evaluate• Analyze• Recall• Self-monitor
Daniels & Steineke (2004)
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Factors that may influence or determine the interpretation of a text:
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Factors that may influence or determine the interpretation of a text:• The historical period in
which the reader is living;• The class/social position
of the reader;• The reader’s religious
beliefs.Lazar (1993)
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Interpreting a work of literature:
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Interpreting a work of literature:
• Who’s right?
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Interpreting a work of literature:
• Who’s right?• Who says so?
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Before moving on…
Does a literary text have a fixed meaning?
TASK: “We have just suggested…”
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Reader Response Theory
• School of New Criticism
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Connect first, analyze next
Reader Response Theory
• School of New Criticism
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Reader Response Theory
– Literature is a co-creation of reader and author distinct and unique upon each reading.
– Literature is a story that speaks to the whole human reader.
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School of New Criticism
o The right answers are
lodged in the text, NOT co-
created by any reader
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• Andrea del Sarto lines…
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What is my purpose in teaching literature?
A) The study of literature?
B) The use of lit as a
resource
for language learning?
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Approaches to teaching lit
• Language-based approach
• Literature as content
• Literature for personal enrichment
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Language-based approach
• Closer integration of language and literature in the classroom.
• Using literature for language practice.
• Advantages of literary texts: styles and registers, promote classroom discussion, focus on interesting topics.
• Let’s go to the chart.
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Literature as content
• Does a lecture have an impact on your own reading and appreciation of a literary work?
• Does it enhance your comprehension and interpretation?
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Literature for personal enrichment• How to plan and design
lessons• How do we make the text
more relevant to the students’ experience?
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Dealing with the first chapter
Predictions Reasons
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S.A.I.P.
• Summarize • Ask questions • Identify difficulties • Predict
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Think-Aloud• Stage 1: Model
• Stage 2: Read passage and at some point place a dot and ask Ss to react
• Stage 3: Give out text with dots distributed throughout where you feel students might be able to have a reaction.
• Stage 4: Assign the activity on a clear text.
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The envelope please
• Predicting plot and character
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Written conversation
Get pen and paper and… a partner!
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Faith is a fine inventionWhen gentlemen can see,But microscopes are
prudentIn an emergency.
Emily Dickinson
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Bookmarks Book:______ Ch/pages:____RESPONSE:
QUESTIONS:
IMPORTANT PASSAGE: IMPORTANT QUOTES:
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Save the last word for me!
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Role Sheets • Join in groups of four.• Determine who is A, B, C
and D.• Let’s read your
instructions.
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“When I heard the learn'd astronomer;When the proofs, the figures, were ranged
in columns before me;When I was shown the charts and the
diagrams, to add, divide, and measure them;
When I, sitting, heard the astronomer, where he lectured with much applause in the lecture-room,
How soon, unaccountable, I became tired and sick;
Till rising and gliding out, I wander'd off by myself,
In the mystical moist night-air, and from time to time,
Look'd up in perfect silence at the stars.”Walt Whitman
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Post-its
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Character Resume
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All Of It On One Page
• Summarizing a story
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Brochure
• Reviewing a novel, story or poem:
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Brochure
• Reviewing a novel, story or poem:– Author– Memorable character– Not so good about the …– Themes I liked– My favorite quotes– Ending (optional: Personal
connection - drawing)– What I’ll remember about
the …
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Going beyond the text
• Songs• Cartoons• Other genres
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'maggy and milly and molly and may'maggy and milly and molly and may went down to the beach(to play one day) and maggie discovered a shell that sang so sweetly she couldn't remember her troubles,and milly befriended a stranded star whose rays five languid fingers were; and molly was chased by a horrible thing which raced sideways while blowing bubbles: and may came home with a smooth round stone as small as a world and as large as alone. For whatever we lose(like a you or a me) its always ourselves we find in the sea E. E. Cummings
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PerfectBy Alanis Morisette
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• Make a list 1-30• Listen to the song and choose the correct
word from the column on the right
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Sometimes is (1) never quite (2) __________
If you’re (3) __________,
then you’ll win my (4)__________
Don’t forget to win first (5)__________
Don’t forget to keep that (6)__________
on your (7)________
en ou gh f ace
fl aw less love
n ever p lace
sm i le
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Be a good (8) __________
Try a little (9) __________
You’ve got to (10) __________ up
And make me (11) __________
h ar d er
p r ou d er
m easu r e
b oy
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How long before you (12) __________ it up
How (13) __________ times do I have to tell you
to (14) __________ up
With (15) __________ I do for you
The least you can do is (16) __________ quiet
ever y t h in g
h u r r y
k eep
m an y
scr ew
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Be a good (17) __________
You’ve gotta try a (18) __________ harder
That (19) __________ wasn’t good enough
To make us (20) __________
little
proud
gir l
simply
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I’ll live through you
I’ll make you (21) __________I never was
If you’re the best, then maybe so am I
Compared to him (22)__________ to her
I’m doing this for your own damn (23) __________
You’ll make up for what I (24) __________
What’s the problem. . .why are you (25)__________
b lew
com p ar ed
cr y in g
good
w h at
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Be a good boy
(26)__________ a little farther now
That wasn’t (27) __________ enough
To make us (28) __________
We’ll love you just the (29) __________ you are if you’re
(30) __________
h ap p y
f ast
p er f ect
p u sh
w ay
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P er f ect by Alanis Morisette
Sometimes is never quite (2) enough If you’re (3) flawless, then you’ll win my (4) love Don’t forget to win first (5) place Don’t forget to keep that (6) smile on your (7) face Be a good (8) boy Try a little (9) harder You’ve got to (10) measure up And make me (11) prouder How long before you (12) screw it up How (13) many times do I have to tell you to (14) hurry up With (15) everything I do for you The least you can do is (16) keep quiet Be a good (17) girl You’ve gotta try a (18) little harder That (19) simply wasn’t good enough To make us (20) proud
I’ll live through you I’ll make you (21) what I never was If you’re the best, then maybe so am I Compared to him (22) compared to her I’m doing this for your own damn (23) good You’ll make up for what I (24) blew What’s the problem. . .why are you (25) crying Be a good boy (26) Push a little farther now That wasn’t (27) fast enough To make us (28) happy We’ll love you just the (29) way you are if you’re (30) perfect
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Games
• Game cards • Jeopardy:
– Set up question sheets– Categories: 6 x 5
• Trivia
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Assessment
• Post-discussion journaling
(p.65)
• Developing a rubric with
the students
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Performance projects
• Tableaux: Narration + Scene
• Skits with narration
• Readers theater
• Role-play
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• Tableaux• Role-play: Napoleon on
trial
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Readers theater conventions• The group must provide an introduction to the book and
scene so that the audience understands what is going on.• Everyone has a part• There can be more than one narrator.• There are choral parts where more than one person reads at
the same time.• The lines and paragraphs are broken up differently for the
script.• It’s okay to cut lines from the text when making the script.• It’s okay to add a few choice words to the script.• Sometimes lines are repeated for emphasis.
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Other forms of assessment
Give me five
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Self-evaluation
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Writing about it
• Generating ideas:a. Alphaboxes b. Two-word strategy c. Rereading
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Glocalize your teaching• A letter to the world
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Include a humanistic component:Give students a voice
• ‘The Rose’• ‘Happy Summer Days’• ‘Whistling buildings above my head’• ‘Deceiving Eyes’
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Promote identity formation• ‘My City’
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That’s all folks!