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Symbolic Interaction: Symbolic Interaction: A Theoretical Approach to A Theoretical Approach to Understanding Stigma & Understanding Stigma & RecoveryRecovery
Jim Roe
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OverviewOverviewHow Symbolic Interaction can be used
as a contemporary method to identify ways in which Mental Health Practices inadvertently contribute towards the disabled self.
Background: The Medical ModelChanges in recent policy & practiceStigmaSymbolic Interaction
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The Medical ModelThe Medical ModelMedical Model
Diagnosable symptoms Expert/specialist to diagnose Biological framework as an explanation Expert/specialist to repair
Implications - Maddux (2008) Causes lie within the individual not
environment Understanding comes from the individual
not interactions
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However...However...Maddux: Illness ideology
Emphasis on weakness and sickness Dichotomy of normal and abnormal
behaviours ‘Patient’ as a passive victim No control – require expert attention & care
Neglect for the meaning of illness Individual Social group
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Focus of NHS PolicyFocus of NHS Policy Reducing & controlling symptoms
Optimal levels of autonomy & citizenship (Recovery)
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Stigma & LabellingStigma & LabellingSignificant impact on recovery
Diagnostic labelling The abnormal individual Perceptions of dangerousness Social disruption Relationship troubles Self-stigmatisation Perceived personal responsibility Self worth, aspirations and capabilities
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Symbolic InteractionismSymbolic InteractionismOrigins in Pragmatist thought (Mead)Blumer (1969)• Individuals act towards things based on
meaning• Meanings derived from social interaction• Meanings modified through social
interactionLittle recent researchImplicit in early sociological work by
Goffman, Szasz & Rosenhan
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The ImplicationsThe ImplicationsIndividuals’ actions, reactions
and interactions central to analysis
First person accountsReflective processObservations of the processes of
social interactions
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The BenefitsThe BenefitsFocus on micro-processesService Users and Professional
StaffFirst person accountsMeaningsPatterns of behaviour and
communicationReconstruction of subjective
worlds
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The QuestionsThe QuestionsWhat are the underlying meanings of
service users’ needs, risks and potential?
How are therapeutic interactions governed by these meanings?
What are the effects of these interactions on the recovery process in terms of stigma and harm?
What are the sources of this underlying harm?
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In SummaryIn SummarySymbolic Interaction is a way to
understand how the self is created and therefore understand how contemporary practices & conventions inadvertently contribute towards the disabled self.
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Symbolic Interaction: Symbolic Interaction: A Theoretical Approach to A Theoretical Approach to Understanding Stigma & Understanding Stigma & RecoveryRecovery
Jim Roe