Download - Sustainable foundations
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SUSTAINABLE FOUNDATIONSISTRUCTE SOUTH
STEPHEN WEST
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WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY
Oxford English Definition:
able to be maintained at a certain rate
“conserving an ecological balance by avoiding depletion of natural resources”
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WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY
Environment
EconomicSocial
Viability
Fair
Liveable
Sustainable Development
It’s about balance
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WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY
• Finding a balance
• Carbon accounting can be useful
• Consider the long term as well immediate
• Good design should lead to sustainability
• Foundation and sub-structure design can be used as offsets
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Is this sustainable???
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Not if it leads to this
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SHOULD WE WORRY ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY
• Improve long term cost benefits
• Enhance Bid Potential
• EA Compliance
• Future Government Policy
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FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
• Materials
• Manpower input
• Quantity of Foundation Positions
• Muckaway quantities
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EMBODIED VS OPERATIONAL
Embodied Carbon Operational Carbon Whole Life Carbon
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FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
• Materials
• Manpower input
• Quantity of Foundation Positions
• Muckaway quantities
• Site Impact – Contamination
Future Site re-use
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SHOULD THE FOUNDATIONS FIT THE SUPERSTRUCTURE OR VICE VERSA
• Spaced load takedown for localised loading points
• Widened load application for spread foundations
• Can a basement help?
• Load vs Settlement
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CONTAMINATION RISKS
• Worker Health and Safety
• Long term user impact
• Groundwater Quality
Contaminated Soil/Groundwater
Impermeable Layer
Protected Aquifer
Protect against downward
flow of contaminants
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DEALING WITH MARGINAL GROUND
• Is this an opportunity?
• Improve or Bypass?
• Ground Types
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DEALING WITH MARGINAL GROUND
• Is this an opportunity?
• Improve or Bypass?
• Ground Types organic soils, peat
soft cohesive soils
loose granular soils
waterlogged soils
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DEALING WITH MARGINAL GROUND
• Is this an opportunity?
• Improve or Bypass?
• Ground Types
• Site wide or localised?
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FOUNDATION OPTIONS
BYPASS IMPROVE
Piles Deep Footings
Vibro-concrete columns
Stone Columns
Remove & Replace
Soil Mixing
Surcharging
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SUSTAINABLE PILING
• Auger based displacement piles – CFD/CHD
Compresses
+
Expands
column
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SUSTAINABLE PILING
• Auger based – CFD/CHD
• Screw Piles
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SUSTAINABLE PILING
• Auger based – CFD/CHD
• Screw Piles
• Driven options – closed end piles
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SUSTAINABLE PILING
• Auger based – CFD/CHD
• Screw Piles
• Driven options – closed end piles
• Mitigating Contamination Impact
Contaminated Soil/Groundwater
Impermeable Layer
Protected Aquifer
Minimal disturbance
Piling – CFA, CHDOversize protective shaft
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SUSTAINABLE PILING
• Auger based – CFD/CHD
• Screw Piles
• Driven options – closed end piles
• Mitigating Contamination Impact
• Energy Piles
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GROUND IMPROVEMENT
• Lime/cement mixing
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GROUND IMPROVEMENT
• Lime/cement mixing
• Dynamic compaction
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GROUND IMPROVEMENT
• Surcharging
Increased Porewater Pressures
Surface Loading
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GROUND IMPROVEMENT
• Surcharging
Increased Porewater Pressures
Surface Loading
Granular layer to
promote flow rates
Vertical drainage to promote more rapid
consolidation
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GROUND IMPROVEMENT
• Wick Drains or Band Drains
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GROUND IMPROVEMENT
• Wick Drains or Band Drains
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GROUND IMPROVEMENT
• Wick Drains or Band Drains
• Stone Columns
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GROUND IMPROVEMENT
• Wick Drains or Band Drains
• Stone Columns
Compacts soil as well as providing a drainage path
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FOUNDATION RE-USE
• Growing opportunities
• Needs buy in throughout project team
• Requires record retention
• Testing of existing piles
• Foundation Removal
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THE FUTURE
• Chance to be more brave!!!
• More rafts??
• Less unnecessary excavation??
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THE FUTURE
• Chance to be more brave!!!
• More rafts??
• Less unnecessary excavation?? – Better Investigation
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THE FUTURE
• Chance to be more brave!!!
• More rafts??
• Less unnecessary excavation?? – Better Investigation
• Better foundation records
• Pre-fabrication of foundation
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THE FUTURE
• Chance to be more brave!!!
• More rafts??
• Less unnecessary excavation?? – Better Investigation
• Better foundation records
• Pre-fabrication of foundation
Is this sustainable?? – discuss