Sustainable farming of salmon
Dr. Petter ArnesenVice President Feed & Environment Marine Harvest ASA
Hearing in the European Parliament February 23, 2010
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A fast growing industry
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100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
600 000
700 000
800 000
1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008
Salmon
Norwegian salmon farming growth in tonnes produced
Global volume split per region (2008)
Source: Salmon World 2009, Kontali Source: Salmon World 2009, Kontali
Market share Marine Harvest estimated global production 2009
24 %
Marine HarvestOthers
NorwayChileUKNorth AmericaFaroe IslandsIrelandOthers
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Salmon is the No.1 farmed animal in Norway
• Annual production 800.000 tonn, close to 3 times that of meat production
• Represents 4 billion meals/year • 23.7 billion NOK in export value in
2009 (2.9 billion €)• Creates close to 20 000 jobs
(including supplier industry). Most of them in rural areas on the coast
• Trend towards increased local processing (value adding)
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100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
600 000
700 000
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900 000
Meat incl poultry Salmon and trout
Production Largest producers
Total production of meat and fish in Norway (slaughter weight tonnes)*
Marine Harvest Norway
Nortura(Gilde + Prior)
* Gross slaughter weight for industry. Data for largest producers is net weight (estimate) for 2009.
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A significant export product
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China
Norw
ay
Thailand
US
A
Denm
ark
Canada
Chile
Vietnam
Spain
Netherlands
The largest exporters of seafood (2006) in USD million
Oil and Gas 67,84 %
Other20,79 %
Seafood4,12 %
Iron andSteel
1,94 %
Metals ex iron
and steel 5,31 %
The seafood industry’s share of Norwegian exports
Source: NSEC, SSB© Norwegian Seafood Export Council
Source: NSEC, FAO© Norwegian Seafood Export Council
PopulationNorway: 4 million
China: 1 338 million
50 % salmon
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Europe needs more seafood
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EU 27 Norway
Seafood production in million tonnes
Source: Eurostat aquaculture and Wild catch, Norwegian Seafood Export Council
Wild Catch
Aquaculture
Wild Catch
Aquaculture
EU 27 imports 60 percent of consumption
Norway exports 97,5 percent of
production
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40 years of technology development
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Norway’s success formula
• Long sheltered coastline with temperate water (Gulf Stream) and 90 000 km2 within the sea boundary
• Visionary, innovative, hard working and dedicated people
• Willingness to invest• Political support• Strong regulations• Good collaboration between
research, regulators and industry• Steady growth in market demand
for salmon (5-10% annually)988 grow-out licenses
1700 km
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Trend towards larger integrated management zones with big production units
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Regulations
• Allocation of licenses• Transfer, mortgaging and
registration of aquaculture licenses• Environmental considerations• Land utilisation
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Strategy for sustainable production
• Genetic interaction and escapes• Pollution and emmisions• Disease• Area utilisation• Feed and feed resources
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Securing the future of the industry means
• Minimising negative impacts on wild salmonids by minimising escapes and transfer of disease and parasites (sea lice) from farmed to wild salmonids
• Minimising discharge from farms (chemicals, medicines, feed waste) in order to maintain healthy water and sea bed conditions
• Reducing the dependency on marine feed raw materials
• Actively seeking stakeholder engagement
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Increased focus on sustainable seafood
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Examples of Environment and Quality Standards• Label Rouge Fresh Salmon• Label Rouge Smoked• BRC• GlobalGap• ISO 14001 and 9001• PGI (Protected Geographical Indication)• Code of Good Practice (Scotland)• Freedom Food (Scotland)• GAA BAP• Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC)
(under establishment)
Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC)
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Salmon have excellent feed efficiency • Low energy use
• Maintains body temperature similar to the ambient water temperature (poikilothermic)
• Does not spend much energy to ”stay afloat”
• Excellent protein utilisation• 40 % protein retention• Chicken = 18 %, Pigs = 13 %
• Wild salmon need around 10 kg wild fish to grow 1 kg• Farmed salmon require between 2 and 3
kg to grow 1 kg (based on fish oil requirement)
• Farmed salmon utilises 100 % of the wild fish which is transformed to fish oil and fishmeal• For human consumption 40 – 50 % of the
same fish is utilised • Close to 100% of trimmings and
entrails from farmed salmon are utilised• Food grade oil and protein products• Feed raw materials (other farmed fish, land
animals, pets, and more)15
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Sources: Marine Harvest, Wikipedia, British Pig BPEX Yearbook 2007, www.pork.org, Inst. of Marine Research
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Salmon are using less marine feed ingredients
Higher volumes of salmon – lower consumption of fish meal and fish oil(in thousand tonnes)
Source: Tacon, A.G.J., Metian, M. Global overview of the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: Trends and future prospects, Aquaculture (2008)
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1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 20190
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Fish Meal Fish Oil Salmon production
Fish
oil
and
fish
mea
l
Pro
duct
ion
volu
msa
lmon
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Stable fishmeal production – increased salmon production
Source: International Fishmeal and Fish oil Organisation, Kontali
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1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008E0
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Fishmeal Atlantic Salmon
Glo
bal p
rodu
ksjo
n at
lant
isk
laks
i 10
00 to
nn (w
fe)
Glo
bal f
iske
mel
prod
uksj
on i
1000
tonn
Fishmeal is a finite resource
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Positive escapes trend
Introduction of new obligatory standard (NS9415)
Source: Directorate of fisheries
(Last updated 25 Jan 2010)
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Biological tool for sea lice control
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Carbon footprint of salmon production
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Greeenhouse Gas Emissions (CO2 - e/t)
Capture Fisheries
Farmed Salmon
Swedish Pork
Belgian Beef
US Poultry
Farmed Salmon in Perspective
Pelletier et. al, 2009
• Salmon compare favourably to other protein sources
• There are significant regional differences in GhG emissions
• Feed accounts for more than 90% of the GhG emmisions
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Important research areas
• Quality and consumer• Technology and systems• Biological lifecycle• Sustainable feeds• Environmental integration• Fish health and welfare
Strategic research agendas (SRAs) are currently being developed for all these thematic areas by the European AquacultureTechnology & Innovation Platform (EATIP) http://www.eatip.eu/
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Thank you for your attention! Please go to:
http://www.marineharvest.com/Documents/Marine%20Harvest%20-%20Sustainability%20Report%20-%202008.pdfto see our 2008 sustainability report