Download - Surface tension
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SURFACETENSION
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SURFACETENSION
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What’s going onat the surfaceof a liquid?
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What’s going onat the surfaceof a liquid?
Let’s takea look!
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Particles that make up a liquid are in constant random motion; they are randomly arranged.
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You might expect the particles at the surface,at the micro level, to form a random surface,as shown below.
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You might expect the particles at the surface,at the micro level, to form a random surface,as shown below.
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= intermolecularattractions
But how do intermolecular forcesinfluence the surface?
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Under the surface, intermolecular attractions pull onindividual molecules in all directions
= intermolecularattractions
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= intermolecularattractions
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= intermolecularattractions
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At the surface, pull on the molecules is laterally and downward;there is negligible intermolecular attractionsabove the molecules (from the medium above, such as air).SO, the net force on surface molecules is downward.
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The result of this downward force is thatsurface particles are pulled down untilcounter-balanced by the compressionresistance of the liquid:
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Surface molecules are compressedmore tightly together,forming a sort of skin on the surface,with less distance between themcompared to the molecules below.
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Surface molecules also form a much smoother surface thanone would expect from randomlymoving molecules.
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This explains the characteristic roundedshape that liquids form when droppingthrough the air: The molecules are all being pulled toward the center.
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This explains the characteristic roundedshape that liquids form when droppingthrough the air: The molecules are all being pulled toward the center.
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Water in particularhas a very highsurface tension. What property doeswater have that wouldgive it such a strongsurface tension?
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This is the water strider insect. Have you seen one?
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How is this possible?