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Surface Impedance of Metals
Section 87
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E = -(c/we) k x H where
k = ( )Ö em w/c
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Inside and near a metal surface
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Since Et and Ht are continuous at the surface, they are related by the same expression just outside
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Surface impedance
At low w
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Time averaged energy flux through the metal surface
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As frequency increases, penetration depth eventually becomes comparable to the electron mean free path.
• The field is then too non-uniform to use the macroscopic description based on e.
• Fields don’t satisfy the macroscopic Maxwell equations in the metal
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This is the only possible linear relation between the axial vector H and the polar vector E.
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As frequency increases further…
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Distance traveled by conduction electrons during one electromagnetic wave period
Then we can neglect the spatial inhomogeneity of the field relative to the electron motion
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On the other hand…
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Superconductors
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