Download - Summer training
Egyptian Natural Gas Co. (Gasco)
Gas Facilities DepartmentTraining Course on
Natural Gas Processing
Presented by:Ahmed M.Samy
25 July 2011
Why Summer Training??
ProjectInterview
Natural Gas Composition
Hydrocarbon gases Non-Hydrocarbon gases
Propane C3
Ethane C2
Methane C1
Butane C4
Pentane C5
Hexane+ C6+
Water vapor H2O(V)
Nitrogen N2
Carbon dioxide CO2
Hydrogen sulfide H2S
What is the meaning of
+ ?
Mercury Hg
Natural Gas Typical Composition
Hydrocarbon gases Non-hydrocarbon gases
Propane C3
Ethane C2
Methane C1
Butane C4
Pentane C5
Hexane+ C6+
Water vapor H2O(V)
Nitrogen N2
Carbon dioxide CO2
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 77-99 %
0.05-20 %
0.01-5 %
0-1.74 %
0-0.24 %
0-0.08 %
0.11-.83 %
0.1-3.44 %
0-4 PPM
Natural Gas Classification
Composition Reservoir
Lean Rich
Hydrocarbon gases Non-hydrocarbon gases
SweetSour Wet Dry
Propane C3
Ethane C2
Butane C4
Pentane C5
Hexane+ C6+
Propane C3
Ethane C2
Butane C4
Pentane C5
Hexane+ C6+
CO2
H2SH2S
CO2
H2O(V) H2O(V)
Note: The C1 is the main component in both
Natural Gas Composition
Natural gas reservoir
Oil and associated gas reservoir
Natural Gas Reservoir
Natural Gas in Egypt
TCF: Trillion Cubic feet
Gas reserves
Uses of natural gas
Electricity 56 %Industry 29 %
Petrochemical 12%
Domestic 2% CNG 1%
Natural Gas Processing
UP-Stream Down-Stream
Gas Productio
n
Gas treatment Consumers
Factory
Gas production from wells
Water removal (Dehydration)
Acid gas removal (Sweeting)
Compression
Field Treatment (Up-Stream Process)
H2S
CO2
Condensate
Free Water
Oil
Corrosion
H2O(V)H.C.+ H2O Hydrate(Physical combination)
Pipe blockage
Liquids removal
National Grid
?
Process ContaminantReason
Acid gas
H2o
Acid
National Grid
Field Treatment ConsumersNational
Grid
Well
Field Treatment ConsumersNational
Grid
Rich Gas Well
In Case Rich Gas
Factory
NGL
Sales gas
Down-Stream process
Up- Stream Process Down- Stream Process
C1C2C3C4C5+
Field Treatment ConsumersNational
Grid
Lean Gas Well
In Case Lean Gas
Factory
LNG
Sales gas
C1C2
Rich gas
National Grid
NGL????$
$NGL
Products
GASCO Mission
Gas Processing Gas Distribution Gas Transmission
Factories National Grid
WD Gas Fields
NGL
WDGC Western Desert Gas Complex
Sales Gas
C2/C3 (gas)
C3 (Liq.)
LPG (Liq.)
Cond. (Liq.)
El-Salam El-Tarek El-Obayid
El-Qasr
National Grid
Sidpec
Naftomar
WDGC
Petro Gas
Ameryia crude oil
WD Gas Fields
NGL
Ameryia LPG Recovery Plant
Sales Gas
C2/C3 (gas)
LPG (Liq.)
Cond. (Liq.)
National Grid
WDGC
Ameryia LPG
Petro Gas
Ameryia crude oil
Bed 3Abu-sananBed 2
Components
C7+ C6 Nc5 IC5 NC4
IC4 C3 C2 C1 N2 H2S Co2
Acid gas
LNG
LPG
Commercial propane
Condensate
NGL
Summary
Gas Productio
n
Gas treatment
NGL
LNG
Sales gas
Export
C2/C3
C3
LPG(C3/C4)
CondensateC5+
Petrochemicals
Industry
CNG stations
Domestic
Domestic
Export
Oil refinery(API)
Ric
h g
as
Lean
gas
Up-Stream ProcessDown-Stream
ProcessProducts
NGL Plant
Dehydration
Chilling
Fractionation
Storage
National Grid
NGL
FEED
GAS
SALES GAS
H2O(V)
PRODUCTS
Dehydration
Dehydration
Chilling
FractionationStorage
H2O(V)
National Grid
NGL
FEED
GAS
SALES GAS
PRODUCTS
Hydrate
H2O
CH4
Hydrate Triangle
Hydrate
H2O
P T
Psi
DehydrationAdsorption Absorption
Solid Surface
Molecules
Liquid Solvent
Molecules
Molecular sieve
Wet gas
Dry gas
Hot Regen gas
Wet Regen gas
Cold Regen gas
Hot Regen gas
HeatingAdsorption Cooling
Dehydration PFD
PFD: Process Flow Diagram
840 12 16 20 24
KV1
KV2
KV3
KV4
KV5
KV6
KV7
KV8
KV9
KV10
KV11
KV12
KV13
D1 D2 D3
D1D2D3
Chilling
Dehydration
Chilling
FractionationStorage
National Grid
NGL
FEED
GAS
SALES GAS
H2O(V)
PRODUCTS
Chilling
Turbo-Expander Joule-Thomson valve
High PHigh T
Low PLow T
High PHigh T
Low PLow T
Pressure reduction Refrigeration
High T Low T
Refrigerant
Refrigerant
Turbo-Expander Joule-Thomson valve
• For Gas only• Produce work• More efficient
• For Liquid and Gas• Doesn't produce work
ΔP ΔT ΔP ΔT
Expander CompressorW
Pressure reduction
Low Pressure
gas
High Pressure
gas
Low Pressure
gas
High Pressure
gas
Turbo-Expander Scheme
Heat Exchanger
Tube side Flow out
Shell side Flow in
Tube side Flow in
Shell side Flow out
Compression
Field Treatment ConsumersNational
Grid
Well Pipe storage
Pressure reduction
NGL
ChillingRefrigeration
Refrigeration Cycle
Expansion
Evaporation
Compression
Condensation
Refrigeration Cycle
Joule-Thomson valve
Air cooler
Process GasLatent heat of vaporization
Liquid Refrigerant
Vapor Refrigerant
Condenser
Compressor
Evaporator -Chiller
Liquid Refrigerant
Gas Refrigerant
Hot Process Gas
Cold Process Gas
Chiller-Evaporator
Chiller-Evaporator 3D
Propane Refrigeration Cycle
-42 °C1 bar 80 °C
20 bar
50 °C20 bar
-42 °C1 bar
Joule-Thomson valve
Air cooler
Process GasLatent heat of vaporization
Liquid Propane
Vapor Propane
Condenser
Compressor
Evaporator -Chiller
GAS - (STEAM)
LIQUID - (WATER)
SOLID - (ICE)0° C
100° C120° C
419 KJ 2676 KJ
1 kg water at 1 bar pressure
D335 KJ
Refrigeration Scheme
NGL Plant
Dehydration
Chilling
Fractionation
Storage
National Grid
NGL
FEED
GAS
SALES GAS
H2O(V)
PRODUCTS
Fractionation
•Distillation :The process of separating materials by successively heating to vaporizea portion and then cooling to liquefy a part of the vapor. Materials to be separated must differ in boiling point and/or relative volatility.
Top Product
Bottom Product
Condenser
Reboiler
NGL
C2/C3
NGL Plant
Dehydration
Chilling
Fractionation
Storage
National Grid
NGL
FEED
GAS
SALES GAS
H2O(V)
PRODUCTS
Ordinary evaporation is a surface phenomenon - some molecules have enough kinetic energy to escape. If the container is closed, an equilibrium is reached where an equal number of molecules return to the surface. The pressure of this equilibrium is called the saturation vapor pressure.
The boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the saturated vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the surrounding atmospheric pressure
Evaporation Boiling
Storage
vapor pressure (true vapor pressure): The pressure exerted by the equilibriumvapor of a liquid when confined in a closed tank.
vapor pressure of water = 1 atm @ 100 °C
Water boils at 100 °C
Because
V.P. verses T
Storage pressure = Vapor pressure
1 atm
Storage
Propane
LPG
Condensate
Storage pressure = Vapor pressure
Propane
LPG
Condensate
Pressurized
Non- Pressuried
Vapor pressure of C3&C4 @ ambient T < 1 atm
Vapor pressure of C5 @ ambient T > 1 atm
Pressurized
Liquid Storage
Refrigerated
T) Ambient < T) Critical T) Ambient > T) Critical
Propane Methane
96 °C -82 °C
LPG Specs
V.P.=10 bar @ 50 °C
Rault lawVapor pressure of mixture (C3/C4) = (XC3*V.P. C3) + (XC4*V.P. C4)
WDGC PFD
Ameryia LPG PFD
Exhaust500 °C
Axial compressor Turbine Centrifugalcompressor
Combustion chamber
Air
Fuel
Low pressure gas
High pressure gas