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Dunarea de Jos University, Galati
The Faculty of History, Philosophy and Theology
Specialisation - Sociology
SUICIDE
Name:Elena Dnil
Coordinator: Diana Popa
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MOTTO: Those who havent known terrible furies have
no idea about suicide, which is a mad fury phenomenon.(Emil Cioran)
Definition: Suicide is any death case which results directly orindirectly from a positive or negative act which is carried out by
the victim himself/herself who knows what the result would be.
(Emile Durkheim)
Suicide is the act of desperation of a person who doesnt want
to live any more.
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Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) was a French philosopher and
sociologist, founder of French school of sociology.
The Suicide (Le suicide, 1897)the third important work
of Durkheim, due to the themethe rise of suicide rate
towards the end of the 19thcentury.
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he first chapter- Suicide and the psychopathicmoods, showsthe influence the extra-social causes may have upon suicides.
In his work Durkheim speaks about four types of suicides:
a) The maniacal suicide appears because of hallucinations or
delirious conceptions.
b) The melancholic suicideappears when the patient isdepressed or sad and (s)he does not value his/her relationships
with the people and things around him/her.
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c) The obsessive suicidehas no particular reason, but the
patient has a very strong desire to die.
d) The impulsive or automaticsuicide just like the obsessivesuicide, it is characterized by lack of motivation but it appears
suddenly and the patient cannot resist it.
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he second chapter- Suicide and the normal psychologicalmoods. Race. Heredity, refers to the way race influences
suicides.
Race is a group of people with common features which arehereditary. The facts clearly show that if the number ofsuicides of a people is bigger than the number of suicides of
another people is due to the level of civilization and not to therace of the respective people.
When we talk about families with a high suicide rate, it often
happens to be identical with one another, that is they occur atthe same age and in the same way. To conclude, we cannotrefer to heredity as being the tendency which appears only atadulthood and accentuates itself while ageing.
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he third chapter- Suicide and cosmic factors, Durkheimemphasizes two cosmic factors which might influence suicide:
climate and temperature.
Some studies show that the order of seasons from the suicidal
point of view is : summer, spring, autumn, winter.
There is no connection between temperature and suicide,
because in different countries with the same temperature in a
certain period of time, the number of suicides is totally
different.
Also, the daylight may favor suicide because the businesses
and the social life are more intense.
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The fourth chapter Immitation, takes into account apsychologic factor, which is considered to be a very importantone.
Immitation may occur among persons with no social
connection.
In conclusion, immitation is not an original factor of suicide,only with some exceptions.
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When referring to the social causes and the social types, theauthor describes the following types of suicides: the selfish
suicide, the altruist suicide andanomic suicide.
The selfish suicidehas more factors such as: religion, family
and society.
The altruistic suicide occurs because the society makes people
too dependent on it.
The anomic suicideis caused by any lack of balance and thus a
person takes his/he life easier when the social structure suffers
important changes.
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Statistics show that:
widow(er)s commit suicide more frequently than married
people but less frequent than unmarried people;
too early marriages have a more severe influence on suicide,
especially for men;
after 20, married people commit suicide less frequently than
the unmarried people.
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Conclusion To sum up, the act of committing suicide is indeed a crime
which has several factors that make us better understand the
reasons for making people choose this.
To many people suicide seems the easiest choice, sometimes
even the spare situation, but it is not the solution to any
problem, no matter how difficult it may seem.
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Bibliography: Durkheim, Emile, Le suicide, Iasi, 1993, Institutul European;
Zamfir, Ctlin & Vlsceanu, Lazr, Dicionar de Sociologie,
Ed. Babei, Bucuresti, 1998.
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