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Suborbital Science Program Roadmaps
Power and Propulsion Technology Working Group (TWG)
Robert J. ShawP&P TWG LeadNASA Glenn Research [email protected] (216)977-7135
August 6, 2007Revised Dec. 12, 2007
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So What Charts
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Mission Envelope CaptureMore %envelope expansion possible on manned systems due to age of SOA baselines compared to SOA UAVs
Solar-Regenerative for endurance above ~60 hours; but limited in Solar latitude, altitude, and seasonal operations
New UAV platforms (eg. tandem fuselage) or qualified operations (eg. mid-air refueling, rotations with data-link x-fer, etc.)
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Endurance Envelope Expansion(based on modified Breguet formulation)
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
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2.4
2.5
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
%SFC Improvement
Loiter Time Multiplier (hours)
% Fn/Wt = 0.0%
% Fn/Wt = 20.0%
% Fn/Wt = 40.0%
% Fn/Wt = 60.0%
% Fn/Wt = 20.0%
% Fn/Wt = 40.0%
% Fn/Wt = 60.0%
Red lines represent existing propulsion on platform is 10% of OEW; Blue lines represent 50% of OEW
DoD HEETE Program goals
NASA funded Programs (year 2010, 2025)
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CFM56 GE F118PW TF33
RR AE3007
TPE331-10
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• 10% improvement to most pre-1985 engines by capitalizing on existing SOA benefits
• 5% relative to SOA by 2010• 9% relative to SOA by 2025
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TWG Roadmap Exercise
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Propulsion & Power Capability ImpactsOur Process “Roadmap”
Platform
FOM improvements(eg. Thrust/Weight, Fuel Consumption, Watts/Area, etc.)
Improved Range
Improved Endurance Improved Altitude
Improved Payload
Improved Solar Latitude
TPM improvements
TPM improvements
TPM improvements
TPM improvements
TPM improvements
Improved Excess Power
Mission Objectives (MOs)"So What's..."
Figures of Merit (FOMs)"What's"
Technical Performance Metrics (TPMs)"How's"
Manned, UAV,P&P TWG
P&P TWG
TPM improvements(eg. Material densities, PV efficiency, Max Temperature/Life, etc.)
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UAV Platforms
VectorP Aerosonde Altus-II Altair (Predator B)
Global Hawk
Vision Vehicle
Range 320 nmi 300 nmi 800 nmi 5000 nmi 12000 nmi
Altitude 10000 ft 20000 ft 65000 ft 52000 ft 65000 ft
Endurance 4 hours 5 hours 24 hours 32 hours 35 hours
Payload 10 lbs 9.9 lbs 330 lbs 660 lbs internal(+300 lbs ext.)
2000 lbs
Propulsion (1) 75cc single-cylinder
(1) Aerosonde H 24cc single-cylinder
(4) Rotax 912-2T; +Turbochrg
(1) Honeywell TPE331-10T
(1) RR AE-3007H
?
“Best Achievable per Figures
of Merit”
Information reconciled using NASA quotes, Websources, and Jane's Manuals
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UAV Propulsion & Power Figures of Merit
Propulsion Architecture
Figures of Merit (FOMs)
Possible Concepts
Turbofan TSFC, T/Wt, DOC+I
• RR AE 3007H
Turboprop TSFC, BSHp/Wt, DOC+I
• Allied Signal TPE-10T
IC Engine TSFC, BSHp/Wt, DOC+I
Rotax 912-2T
Supercharged
Fuel-Cell Electric TSFC, BSHp/Wt, DOC+I
• PEM Fuel Cell• SO Fuel Cell
Solar Electric BSHp/Wt, DOC+I • GaAs/Ge cells• Silicon cells
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Manned Aircraft
ER-2 DC-8 WB-57 P-3 Vision Vehicle
Range 3000 nmi 5400 nmi 2500 nmi 2070 nmi
Altitude 70000 ft 42000 ft 60000 ft 28000 ft
Endurance 7 hours 12 hours 6.5 hours 10-13 hours
Payload 2600 lbs 30000 lbs 6000 lbs 20000 lbs (int.+ ext.)
Propulsion (2) GE F-118-101 (4) CFM56-2-C1 (2) TF-33 (4) T56-A14
“Best Achievable per Figures
of Merit”
?
Information reconciled using NASA quotes, Websources, and Jane's Manuals
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Manned Aircraft Propulsion & Power Figures of Merit
Propulsion Architecture
Figures of Merit (FOMs)
Possible Concepts
Turbofan TSFC, T/Wt, DOC+I
• Williams FJ44-2• GE F-118-10• CFM56-2-C1• Derivatives
Topping-Cycle Turbofan
TSFC, T/Wt, DOC+I
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TS
FC
Im
pro
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Sfc
red
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and
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Suborbital Science ProgramPower and Propulsion Technology RoadmapTurbine Engine Focus
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2020
DRAFT
Incremental improvements to current turbine engine systems
(Typically 1% sfc improvement per year
Future Programs TBD
DoD VAATE Program-HEETE element**VAATE-Versatile Advanced Affordable Turbine Engine
HEETE-Highly Efficient Embedded Turbine Engine
25% TSFC reduction relative to baseline turbine engines
(TRL6)
NASA Fundamental Aeronautics relevant technology contributions
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T/W
Im
pro
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ent
T/W
red
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s (c
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and
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s) w
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end
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, an
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Suborbital Science ProgramPower and Propulsion Technology RoadmapTurbine Engine Focus
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2020
DRAFT
Incremental improvements to current turbine engine systems
(Typically X% T/W improvement per year
Future Programs TBD
DoD VAATE Program-HEETE element**VAATE-Versatile Advanced Affordable Turbine Engine
HEETE-Highly Efficient Embedded Turbine Engine
50% T/W reduction relative to baseline turbine engines
(TRL6)
NASA Fundamental Aeronautics relevant technology contributions
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Suborbital Science ProgramPower and Propulsion Technology RoadmapTurboprop Engine Focus
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2020
DRAFTT
PM
Im
pro
vem
ent
NASA High Altitude Propeller Research
TRL5
How can we show external to NASA accomplishments?
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Suborbital Science ProgramPower and Propulsion Technology RoadmapIC Engine Focus
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2020
DRAFTT
PM
Im
pro
vem
ent
NASA High Altitude Propeller Research
TRL5
How can we show external to NASA accomplishments?
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Suborbital Science ProgramPower and Propulsion Technology RoadmapFuel-Cell Focus
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2020
DRAFTT
PM
Im
pro
vem
ent
NASA Bi Electrode Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
TRL4
NASA H2:O2 PEM Fuel Cell (Primary)TRL6
?
NASA H2:O2 Regen Fuel Cell
TRL6
?
100 WH/kg400 WH/kg
Need cool graphics!!!!!!!!
How can we show external to NASA accomplishments?
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Suborbital Science ProgramPower and Propulsion Technology RoadmapSolar (pV) Focus
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2020
DRAFTT
PM
Im
pro
vem
ent
TRL3
NASA Photovoltaic Research
Need cool graphics!!!!!!!!
How can we show external to NASA accomplishments?
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Suborbital Science ProgramPower and Propulsion Technology RoadmapBattery Focus
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2020
DRAFTT
PM
Im
pro
vem
ent
NASA Lithium Ion Battery ResearchTRL3 TRL6
150 WH/kg300 wh/l
Need cool graphics!!!!!!!!
How can we show external to NASA accomplishments?
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Propulsion & Power Capability ImpactsFuture Activities
•Continue to follow military and other US propulsion developments
•Be available to do NASA aero work
•Continue on-going fuel cell work (for others)
•Survey of European programs (proposed)
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Propulsion & Power Capability ImpactsProposal
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Propulsion & Power Capability ImpactsProposal