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Stress Management
Phyllis M. Connolly PhD, RN, CS
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Stress
• A person-environment interaction
• Sources– Biophysical– Chemical– Psychosocial– Cultural
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External stimuli
Emotional feelings
Peripheral physiological
changes
Central nervous system arousal
Internal stimuli
Genetic equip
Past experience
StressIndividual perception of stressor-conscious
or unconscious
Stress
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Sources of Stress
• Heat-cold• noise• radiation• exhaustion• physical inactivity• alcohol• nicotine• caffeine
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More Stress
• Anger• Frustration• Hostility• hopelessness• Unrealistic
expectations• Work Pressures
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Responses to Stress
• Demanding situation--stressor
• Internal state– Tension– Anxiety– Strains
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Anxiety
• Normal--response to a threat to one’s safety, well-being, or self-concept
• Charateristics– Appropriate to the threat– Anxiety can be relieved– Can cope either alone or with some support– Problem solving slow but still usable
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Abnormal Anxiety
• Occurs more frequently, longer and more intense
• Interferes with one’s life
• Function is more impaired
• Disproportionate to threat
• Blocks learning from the experience
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Psychosis
Brief Reactive Psychosis
Panic
Dread
Loneliness
Rituals
Avoidance
Psychosomatic
Heartpound
Palpitations
Shakiness
Butterflies
All senses alert
Calm
Daydreaming
Sleep
Panic
Acute and Chronic
Normal
RELATIVE SEVERITY OF ANXIETY(Haber p.437)
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Crisis Intervention
• Deep breathing
• Self Talk
• Time out
• Leave the situation
• Visualization
• Music
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Prevention
• Diet and nutrition
• Exercise and physical activity
• Self-help groups
• Assertiveness training
• Having fun
• Playing
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Prevention Cont.
• Visualization
• Meditation
• Hypnosis
• Meet Spiritual Needs
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Prevention Cont.
• Massage
• Acupressure
• Acupuncture
• Biofeedback
• Progressive Relaxation
• Therapeutic touch
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Resources
• Audiotapes
• Books
• Courses– Tai Chai– Stress Management– Assertiveness Training– Water Exercise