Download - STONE FILM by CHRIS COLUMBUS THESIS
THE INTRA SYSTEM SHIFT AND LEVEL SHIFT IN ENGLISH-
INDONESIAN SUBTITLE OF HARRY POTTER AND SORCERER’S
STONE FILM by CHRIS COLUMBUS
THESIS
Submitted to the Board of Examination
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
For Literary Degree at English Literature Department
by
MERLI SANTRI
NIM: AI.162606
ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
SULTAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI
2020
i
NOTA DINAS
Jambi, 19 Mei 2020
Pembimbing I : Ulfatmi Azlan, MA
Pembimbing II : Adang Ridwan, M.Pd
Alamat : Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora
UIN STS Jambi
Kepada Yth
Ibu Dekan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora
UIN STS Jambi
Di-
Tempat
Assalamu‟alaikum wr.wb
Setelah membaca dan mengadakan perbaikan seperlunya, maka kami
berpendapat bahwa skripsi saudari: Merli Santri, Nim. AI.162606, yang berjudul
„“The Intra System Shift and Level Shift in English-Indonesian Subtitle of
Harry Potter and Sorcerer’s Stone Film by Chris Columbus”‟, telah dapat
diajukan untuk dimunaqosahkan guna melengkapi tugas - tugas dan memenuhi
syarat – syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana strata satu (S1) pada Fakultas
Adab dan Humaniora, UIN STS Jambi. Maka, dengan itu kami ajukan skripsi
tersebut agar dapat diterima dengan baik.
Demikianlah kami ucapkan terima kasih, semoga bermanfaat bagi
kepentingan kampus dan para peneliti.
Wassalamu‟alaikum wr.wb
Pembimbing I Pembimbing II
Ulfatmi Azlan, MA Adang Ridwan, S.S., M.Pd
NIP: 198411272011012012 NIDN: 2109069101
ii
APPROVAL
Jambi, May 19
th 2020
Supervisor I : Ulfatmi Azlan, MA
Supervisor II : Adang Ridwan, M.Pd
Address : Adab and Humanities Faculty
.. State Islamic University
Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
To
The Dean of Adab and Humanities
Faculty
State Islamic University
In
Jambi
Assalamu‟alaikum wr. Wb
After reading and revising everything extend necessary, so we agree that the
thesis entitled “The Intra System Shift and Level Shift in English-Indonesian
Subtitle of Harry Potter and Sorcerer’s Stone Film by Chris Columbus” can be
submitted Munaqasyah exam in part fulfillment to the Requirement for the Degree
of Humaniora Scholar. We submitted it in order to be received well. Thus, we
hoped it can be useful for all.
Wassalamu‟alaikum wr. Wb
Supervisor I Supervisor II
Ulfatmi Azlan, MA Adang Ridwan, M.Pd
NIP: 198411272011012012 NIDN. 2109069101
T
iii
iv
v
MOTTO
And dear prophet ( Mohammad- peace and blessing be upon him), when My
bondmen question you concerning Me, then surely I am close; I answer the
prayerr of the supplicant when he calls on Me, so they must obey Me and
believe in Me, so that they may attain guidance. (QS. Al- Baqara: 186)1
Dan apabila hamba-hamba Ku bertanya kepadamu ( Muhammad ) tentang Aku,
maka sesungguhnya Aku dekat. Aku kabulkan permohonan orang yang
berdoa apabila dia berdoa kepada Ku. Hendaklah mereka itu memenuhi
(perintah) Ku dan beriman kepada Ku agar mereka memperoleh
kebenaran2.
1 Maulawi Sher, The Holy Quran, (United Kingdom: Islam Internasional Publications,
2004), p.29 2 Al-Karim, Al-Qur‟an Terjemahan, (Semarang: Thoa Putra, 2007), p. 546.
vi
DEDICATION
First of all I would say the grateful to Allah SWT
always gives me health to finish this thesis.
I would like to dedicate this thesis to:
My beloved Father, Imron for your love, supporting and praying
My beloved Mother, Eli Suryani for all your patients to educate me so far,
gave me a way to be the student, for your love, supporting and praying
And My beloved brother, My beloved Sister and My Friends, Aliya ,Fauziah
Syahraani , Putri Hikmah , Widianti, Santri Prima, Abdur rahman, Andi
Setiawan, Imron Rosyadi, Muhammad Nabil, Yani Saputra, and My beloved
squad sampe nikah.
also for your supporting and praying.
All of you are my diamond who Allah has given to me.
I do really want to make you happy and proud of me!
Then to Ulfami Azlan, MA and Adang Ridwan, M.Pd as my supervisors,
for your patients as long as you guided me to finish my thesis
for your help and praying.
My beloved gengs, Literature 2016 A. Thanks for the advice, love, help, support,
ideas and great experiences that we have made together.
for your help and praying, for your inspiration
All you are the good example for me. I am so happy and grateful because living
around the skilful and wise people as you all.
At last, for all people who have helped me in this thesis.
I would like to proclaim;
THANK YOU SO MUCH!
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, the writer would like to say Alhamdullilahirabil‟alamin, all the
praise to Allah SWT the lord of all creatures, for His Blessing from the starting
point of my study until now the end of my study. After that, Shalawat and salam
be upon to our Prophet Muhammad SAW, hopefully we will get His syafa‟at later
at The Last Day. Secondly, I would like to express her deepest gratitude to people
who helped the writer in accomplishing this thesis. I would like to thank my
supervisors Dr. Alfian, M.Ed., Adang Ridwan, M.Pd who have helped, adjusted,
supported and suggested me in writing this thesis. I also would like to say thanks
for all classmates English Literature 2016 who have given additional suggestion
and support to finish this thesis.
To accomplish this thesis, the writer had been given one great deal to many
people. So, the writer would like to say thanks for their contribution, they are:
1. Prof. Dr. Suaidi, MA., Ph. D as a Rector of State Islamic University of
Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
2. Dr. Halimah Djaar. S. Ag., M. Fil. I as the dean of Adab and Humanities
Faculty.
3. Dr. Ali Muzakir, M. Ag as the first Dean of Academic. Dr. Alfian, S.Pd,
M.Ed as the second Dean of Finances, and Dr. Roudhoh, S.Ag.SS M.Pd.I as
the third Dean of University Student of Adab and Humanities Faculty.
4. The Head of English Literature Department Dian Mukhlisa, MA.
viii
5. The Secretary of English Literature Department Chandri Febri Santi M.Pd
6. All the Lecturers and staffs of Adab and Humanities Faculty, then
contribution and assistant during studying in UIN of Sulthan Thaha
Saifuddin Jambi.
7. The Head and officers of the library of UIN and public library of Jambi
province.
8. The last but not least, to my beloved parents, brothers and sister who gave
fully supporting to the writer.
This thesis is still far away from perfection. I need some critics and
suggestions, so that I can be better in the future. Finally, the writer hopes this
thesis will give positive contributions for readers, especially for the students of
English Literature Department of Adab and Humanities Faculty.
Jambi, May 19
th 2020
The writer
Merli Santri
Nim: AI. 162606
ix
ABSTRACT
Merli Santri, 2020 : The Intra System Shift and Level Shift in English-
Indonesian Subtitle of Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s
Stone Film by Chris Columbus
Supervisor I : Ulfatmi Azlan, MA
Supervisor II : Adang Ridwan, M.Pd
The translation shift is divided into two types, namely level shift and
category shift which are to achieve a good level of equivalence for the quality of
the resulting translation. The category shift is further divided into four sub
sections, namely structure shift, class shift, unit shift and intra system shift. The
objective of this research is to describe what do the intra system shift and level
shift in subtitle of Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone Film by Chris Columbus,
the causal of intra system shift and level shift in subtitle of Harry Potter and
Sorcerer‟s Stone Film by Chris Columbus, the more dominant between intra and
level shift in subtitle of Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone Film by Chris
Columbus. Object in this research is Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone Film by
Chris Columbus.
This research employs qualitative research with descriptive method. The
object of this research was Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone Film by Chris
Columbus. The data used subtitle in Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone who
containing intra system and level shift. The data classified in J.C. Catford theory
about translation shift, they are containing of intra system shift, level shift, and the
causal of intra system shift and level shift. The findings of research show that
from intra system shift, the researcher founds all sentence that contained intra
system shift, level shift, and causal of intra system shift and level shift that used
by characters in Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, the intra system was found in
subtitle are 12 data, level shift was found in subtitle are 10 data, and the causal of
intra system shift and level shift was found in subtitle are 7 data. In conclusion,
intra system shift was mostly dominant used in sentence by characters in Harry
Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone Film.
Keywords : Intra system shift,level shift, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone
Film, Translation shift
x
ABSTRAK
Merli Santri, 2020 : The Intra System Shift and Level Shift in English-
Indonesian Subtitle of Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s
Stone Film by Chris Columbus
Supervisor I : Ulfatmi Azlan, MA
Supervisor II : Adang Ridwan, M.Pd
Pergeseran terjemahan dibagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu pergeseran antar
tingkatan dan pergeseran kategori, yang dimaksudkan untuk mencapai tingkat
kesepadanan yang baik bagi kualitas terjemahan yang didapatkan. Pergeseran
kategori dibagi menjadi empat sub bagian, yaitu pergeseran struktur, pergeseran
kelas, pergeseran unit, dan pergeseran antar sistem. Tujuan dari penelitian ini
untuk menggambarkan apa itu pergeseran antar sistem dan pergeseran tingkatan di
dalam teks terjemahan Indonesia-Inggris film di film Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s
Stone Film by Chris Columbus, penyebab terjadinya pergeseran antar sistem dan
pergeseran tingkatan di dalam teks terjemahan Indonesia-Inggris di film Harry
Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone Film by Chris Columbus, serta yang lebih dominan
antara pergeseran antar sistem dan pergeseran tingkatan di dalam teks terjemahan
Indonesia-Inggris film di film Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone Film by Chris
Columbus.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dan menggunakan metode
deskriptif. Objek penelitian ini adalah Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone film by
Chris Columbus. Analisis data ini menggunakan teks terjemahan Indonesia-
Inggris mengenai pergeseran antar sistem dan pergeseran tingkatan. Data ini di
klasifikasi menggunakan teori J.C. Catford tentang pergeseran terjemahan yang
berisi tentang pergeseran antar sistem dan pergeseran tingkatan, penyebab
terjadinya pergeseran antar sistem dan tingkatan, serta yang lebih dominan
diantara keduanya. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari pergeseran antar
sistem, peneliti menemukan semua kalimat yang berisi pergeseran antar sistem,
pergeseran tingkatan, penyebab terjadinya pergeseran antar sistem dan pergeseran
tingkatan, dan yang lebih dominan diantara keduanya. pergeseran antar sistem
yang ditemukan sebanyak 12 data, pergeseran antar tingkatan ditemukan sebanyak
10 data, dan penyebab terjadinya pergeseran antar sistem dan pergeseran tingkatan
ditemukan sebanyak 7 data. Kesimpulannya, pergeseran antar sistem lebih
dominan digunakan di dalam kalimat oleh karakter di film Harry Potter and
Sorcerer‟s Stone Film by Chris Columbus.
Kata Kunci : Intra system shift,level shift, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone
Film, Translation shift
xi
TABLE OF CONTENT
NOTA DINAS ................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................... ii
LETTER OF RATIFICATION .................................................................... iii
ORIGINAL THESIS STATEMENT............................................................ iv
MOTTO .......................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ............................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... x
ABBREVIATION .......................................................................................... xi
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................ xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Problem ........................................................... 1
B. Formulation of the Problem ........................................................... 5
C. Limitation of the Problem .............................................................. 5
D. Purpose of the Research ................................................................. 5
E. Significance of the Research .......................................................... 6
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Translation Theory ......................................................................... 7
B. Definition of Translation................................................................ 7
C. Function of Translation .................................................................. 9
D. Process of Translation ........................................................................ 10
E. Types of Translation .......................................................................... 11
xii
F. Shift in Translation .............................................................................. 14
G. The Causal of Intra System Shift and Level Shif ................................ 18
H. Review of Related Research ............................................................... 23
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
A. Design of Research ............................................................................. 25
B. Source of Data .................................................................................... 26
C. Technique of Data Collection ............................................................ 27
D. Technique of Data Analysis ............................................................... 28
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND ANALYSIS
A. Reserach Findings ............................................................................. 30
1. What do the Intra System Shift .................................................... 30
2. What do the Level Shift ................................................................ 35
3. The Causal of Intra System Shift and Level Shift ........................ 38
4. The More Dominant Shift Between Level Shift and Intra System
Shift .............................................................................................. 45
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions ......................................................................................... 49
B. Conclusions ......................................................................................... 50
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
CURRICULUM VITAE
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Study
Translation is the activity related to sharing ideas in different
languages, which may have different rules and different background cultures.
According to Peter Newmark translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to
replace a written message in one language by the same message in other
language3. The writer conclude translation is not only changing or transferring
words, but more importantly, it has to take into consideration the meaning or
message behind the words and without change the meaning, translation is so
important to make people understand about language that has so many
varieties in each country and also translation is very needed to translate the
meaning from SL to TL with the manner.
Catford also defined translation as the replacement of textual material
in the other language (TL)4. Translation shift are changes that occur during the
process of translation from SL to TL. In contrasting text in different languages
translation shifts are observable every where. Newmark defined shifts as a
translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from SL to TL5. It
means that shift is the process of going from the SL to the TL, there are two
main types of translation shifts: level shifts and category shifts.
Level Shifts are shifts from grammar in to lexis. It is a grammatical
unit in English, such as noun and affix, has a lexical unit in Bahasa Indonesia
as its translation equivalent. For example, John has stopped smoking and its
translation John sudah berhenti merokok. The form “has” as a unit in English
grammar is translated into Indonesian language by the lexis “sudah”6. While
Category shift is about unbounded and rank-unbounded translation. In
3 Peter Newmark, A Textbook of Translation, (London Prentice Hall, 1987), p. 85
4 J.C Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, (London: Oxford University Press,
1965), p. 73 5 Peter Newmark, A Textbook of Traninslation, p. 85
6 J.C. Catford, The Theory and Practice of Translation, p. 73-80
2
unbounded translation equivalences are not tied to a particular rank and may
additionally find equivalences at sentence clause and other levels, while in
rank-unbounded translation an equivalent is thought in the Target Language
(TL) for each word or for each morpheme encountered in the Source
Language (SL) Category shifts are divided in to four subgroups: structure
shifts, class shifts, unit shifts and intra system shift7.
Intra System Shifts refer to those changes that occur internally within a
system. They are regarded only on the assumption that is formal
correspondence between the two languages, SL-TL should possess
approximate systems. The equivalence is said to occur at a non-corresponding
term in the TL system. All languages have their systems of number, deixis and
articles. Intra-System shifts happen when a term is singular in the source text
and its textual equivalent is plural. However, to avoid the excessive discussion
of category shift, the shifts becoming the main focus in this research is Intra
System Shift and Level Shift.
In this research, the writer is interesting analyzing the causal of intra
system shift and level shift between the source language and the target
language that often becomes one source of difficulties in subtitling that focus
in intra system shift and level shift. According to Hatim subtitling is a method
of language transfer which is used in translating types of mass audio-visual
communication such as film and television8. Subtitling is the main form of
translation or language transfer in television. For many people, the subtitle is
the key to understand the contents of films and television programs in foreign
languages.
Film is one of part of literature, film and literature have the
relationship because most of film was adopted from novel and because
literature is a kind of a documented of social product and it takes place in the
society. There are some definition about film. According to Villarejo in his
book entitled Film studies the basic, he stated that: “Film is structured like a
7 J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, (London: Oxford University Press,
1965), p. 73 8 Hatim, B & Mason, The Translator as Communicator, p. 233.
3
language, composed of fundamental units, called shots, filmnrely upon to join
shots together into larger strings called (a series of shots united in time and
space), just a words become sentences.”9 It means that film is important thing
and as a tool of people to give or to deliver a message to the other person.
Capacity of film to grant aesthetic pleasure in the contemplation of camera
movement, composition, editing, color, sound, and other formal elements is as
significant as any other end.
In the film there is subtitle. In fact, there are so many subtitles on
screen almost everyday, everywhere; on television, film screen, and nowadays
on DVD. Usually the viewers watch the programs and read subtitles without
thinking or knowing how the translation has been done. Technically, a
translator has to know that in translating the source language to target one,
shifts, equivalency and techniques are inevitable. In this occasion, the writer
only focuses to the shifts in making the research. The object of this research is
the translation which is found in the subtitle of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer`s
stone film from Source Language (English version) into Target Language
(Indonesia version). Particularly, subtitle is created and used as a tool of
communication and displayed as text and overlaid on the video in order to
make the audience become easier to understand the film.
In this case, the writer is interested making a research in subtitle of
film. The film that would analyzed is based on a film entitled Harry potter
and Sorcerer`s Stone directed by Chris Columbus, this film is the first series
of the story which is it has seven story that has relations of each story. The
film was released to cinemas in the United Kingdom and United States on 16
November 2001. It became a critical and commercial success, grossing $975.1
million at the box office worldwide. The highest-grossing film of 2001, it is
the 46th highest-grossing of all-time (2nd at the time of its release; behind
Titanic). The film was nominated for many awards, including Academy
9 Amy Villarejo, Film Studies the Basic, (London: Routledge, 2007) p. 24
4
Awards for Best Original Score, Best Art Direction and Best Costume
Design10
.
In this film tells about Harry as the main character tries to find the
stone that has the strength of Voldemort as the antagonist character. Knowing
that philosopher‟s stone is in danger Harry and his friends have a mission to
get the stone to keep it from Voldemort. They should find a way to past the
dog, after getting past the dog and defeating various protective spells, Harry
reaches the room in which the stone is hidden and he suddenly shock that
Quirrel there. Voldemort also said that he has been sharing Quirrel‟s body
until he can got to the stone and become fully alive again, and Voldemort fight
Harry and Harry fight for possession of the stone and Dumbledore saved him.
The stone is to be destroyed and Voldemort escaped11
.
From the explanation above it can be seen that there is one of example
from intra system shift in Harry Potter And The Sorcerer‟s Stone in English-
Indonesian subtitle is when Harry and their friends got the punishment and
they should find the unicorn in the ban florest and then Draco Malfoy said
“Why we should go there, there are so many were wolfs”12
.
SL : Were wolfs
TL: Manusia serigala-serigala
From the example it cannot to translate in Indonesian become manusia
serigala-serigala even it does not change the meaning, but it makes sound
become ambigous. The intra system influence the word from plural become
singular. From the quotation the writer will analyze the thesis proposal entitle
“The Intra System Shift and Level Shift in English – Indonesian Subtitle in
Harry Potter and Sorcerer’s Stone by Chris Columbus”.
10 https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Harry_potter_and_the_philosopher%27s_stone_(film),
accesed on September 09 2019 at 19.00 AM. 11
https://m.imbd.com/title/tt0241527/awards, accesed on September 09 2019 at
20.00 AM 12
Chris Columbus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 01:43:30.
5
B. Formulation of the Problem
Based on the background of the study explained above, the writer
found the problem as follows:
1. What do the intra system shift and level shift found in Harry Potter and
Sorcerer`s Stone film by Chris Columbus?
2. What are the causes that occur of intra system and level shift used in
English - Indonesian subtitle in Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone film?
3. Which are the dominant shift between intra system shift and level shift in
English - Indonesian subtitle of Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone film?
C. Limitation of the Problem
There are many aspects that the writer can analyze in the film, but in
this case the writer will discuss the intra system and level shift in film Harry
Potter And Sorcerer‟s Stone by Chris Columbus, where the writer only
focused in English-Indonesian subtitle of Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone
film where English subtitle was written by Steve Kloves as screenplays of this
film on 200113
, while Indonesian subtitle was translated by Pein Akatsuki on
09 april 2010 was taken on subscene.com14
. The writer also used English
script of this film by Steve Kloves to help the writer easy to understand15
.
D. Purpose of the Research
Based on limitation of problems above, the purpose of this research
are:
1. To find out the intra system shift and level shift in Harry Potter and
Sorcerer`s Stone film by Chris Columbus.
2. To find out the causes of intra system and level shift in Harry Potter and
Sorcerer`s Stone English-Indonesian Subtitle.
3. To know more dominant between intra system shift and level shift in
English-Indonesian subtitle in Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone film
13 Pein Akatsuki, https://Subscene.com
14 https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/nes-wires-white-papers-and-
books/kloves- steve-1960-steven-kloves 15
https://www.scripts.com/script/harry-poter-and-the-sorcerer stone
6
E. Significant of the Research
In this research, the writer would like to find out the causal of intra
system shift and level shift as Seen in Indonesian and English subtitle in
Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone film by Chris Columbus. The writer hopes
this research is expected to broaden knowledge about the translation of the
intra system and level shift in the subtitle of film, writing ability and give
additional information and knowledge to the writer and the readers, especially
to the student and lectures English Literature Department wants to watch the
film and try to understand the subtitle and even who wants to analyze the same
film.
7
another language in theway that the author intended the text.
on signs, as with sign languages of the deal
Translatio
n comes from Latin; trans, across and datum, to carry. From
Its terminology we can see that translation is the connection between two
to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language source to another
target in social life, whether the languages are in written oral form; whether
the languages have established orthographies or do not have such
standardization or whether one or both, it also because languages is based
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Translation
Translation is a
phenomenon that has a huge effect on everyday life. This can range from the
translation of a key international treaty to the following multilingual poster
that welcomes customers to a small restaurant near to the home of one of the
authors.17
From the quotation above,
translation is rendering the
meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the
text. As the conclusion of translation based on those definitions given by the
experts above, it can be said that translation is a process of transferring the
original message of the original author into another language by using the
exact meaning of words or the equivalent one without changes the meaning.
However translation has a unavoidable phenomenon that occur in
translation is Translation shift, shift are occur during the process of translation
from SL to TL. There are two kinds of translation shift, Level Shift and
Category shift. Even in categorys shift it has structure shift, class shift, unit
shift, and intra system shift. In this case the writer only focus on Intra System
Shift and Level Shift.
16Douglas Robinson, Becoming A Translator An Introduction to the Theory and Practice
of Translation, (New York, Madison Avenue, (2003), p. 6 17
Basil Hatim and Jeremy Munday, Translation an Advance Resouece Book, p. 3
different languages.16
Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into
translation is the general term referring
8
Intra system shift is refer to those changes that occur internally within
a system. They are regarded only on the assumption that is formal
correspondence between the two languages, i.e. SL-TL should possess
approximate systems. The equivalence is said to occur at a non-corresponding
term in the TL system. All languages have their systems of number, deixis,
articles, etc. Intra-system shifts happen when a term is singular in the source
text and its textual equivalent is plural. For instance, both indonesia language
and english language have a system of number, but the numberical system is
not always have the same. Some nouns in English are always in plural form,
but if it translated translation equivalent in indonesian language may take form
of singular noun, for example18
:
SL: a pair of scissors ( plural) TL: sebuah gunting (singular)
In the example it can see that from SL it is plural, but if it translated to
TL it become singular. The reason is if it translated still be plural the sounds
will be ambigous and redundant. The one of function intra system shift is to
make the translated become natural, and to avoid the redundancy and
ambigous meaning. In this case the writer used Newmark and Catford theory
of translation, however the writer more focused in Catford theories.
Level shift is a shifts from grammar to lexis19
. It means that a
grammatical unit in English, such as noun, affix, etc, has a lexical unit in
Indonesian language as its translation equivalent. The other hand, level shifts
means a SL item at one linguistic level has a TL translation equivalent at a
different level. This shift commonly occurs with shift from grammar to lexis
and vice versa. The examples of level shift20
:
18 Citra Nora Selviana Simanjuntak, An Analysis of Unit Shift in Harry Potter and The
Order of Phoenix Movie Subtitles into Bahasa Indonesia, University Of Sumatera Utara, Medan, 2010, p. 18
19 J.C Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, (London: Oxford University Press,
1965), p. 73 20
Citra Nora Selviana Simanjuntak, An Analysis of Unit Shift in Harry Potter and The
Order of Phoenix Movie Subtitles Into Bahasa Indonesia, University Of Sumatera Utara, Medan,
2010, p. 12
9
1. (a) Ricky and Tanaka have accomplished the assignment.
(b) Ricky dan Tanaka telah menyelesaikan tugas tersebut
2. (a) Even father dislikes shopping at shopping centre.
(b) Ayah pun tidak suka berbelanja di pusat perbelanjaan.
In example (1), it can be seen that in English if „have‟ comes together
with past participle of „accomplish‟ then it indicates the act of „accomplishing‟
has begun before the time of speaking and the effect of the action still resumes
at the time of peaking. The form „have + past participle‟ in English is
translated into „sudah‟, a lexis in Bahasa Indonesia. Similarly, „pun‟ in (2 a), a
unit (morpheme) in Bahasa Indonesia grammar is translated into „even‟ a lexis
in English.
B. Function of Translation
Translation functions as medium of communications. As Robinson
states that translation means communication, because it has three essential
elements to form a process of communication.21
The three essential elements
are source, message, and receptor, and these elements must be found in all
communication activities.
As stated before that translation is so important in helping people who
want to know all about information in this world, moreover information about
development of science, technology, and culture by translating the science,
technology, and culture book, all people in the target country will get the
information about them. Even, nowadays translation had covered
entertainment and our household equipments. For example if we buy an
electronic tool or laptop and get the book guide which is written in foreign
languages and its translation, so from that it make us know and understand
how to operate the material. While in entertainment, translation has the main
role, for instance while watching the Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone film
by Chris Columbus, they will see the translation text typed on the screen as
called as subtitle. The translation text typed on the screen will make
filmegoers understand what the film tell about.
21Dauglas Robinson, Becoming A Translator an Introduction to the Theory and Practice
of Translation, p. 3
10
C. Process of Translation
According to Larson when translating a text, the translator‟s goal is an
idiomatic translation which makes every effort to communicate their meaning
of the SL text into the natural forms of the receptor language22
. Furthermore,
he states that translation is concerned with a study of the lexicon,
grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the
SL text, which is analyzed in order to determine its meaning. The discovered
meaning is then re-expressed or reconstructed using the lexicon and
grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and its
cultural context.
According to Nida and Taber they distinguished translation process into
three stages: (1) Analysis, in which the surface structure is analyzed in terms
of (a) the grammatical relationships and (b) the meaning of the words and
combinations of words, (2) Transfer, in which the analyzed material is
transferred in the mind of the translator from language A to language B, and
(3) Restructuring, in which the transferred material is restructured in order to
make the final message fully acceptable in the receptor language23
. The
translation process can be illustrated in the following diagram.
A (Source)
(Analysis)
B (Receptor)
(Restructuring)
X (Transfer) Y
Figure 1. Translation process by Nida and Taber24
.
22 Mildred L. Larson, Meaning Based Translation, (New York, 1984), p. 3
23Jeremy Munday, Introducing Translation Studies, (New York, 2011), p.40
24 Jeremy Munday, p.40
11
D. Types of Translation
According to Lawrence Venuti the types of translations are also varied.
Here, the writer quotes some experts and types of translation issued by them.
They are as the following:25
1. Literal translation
The ST grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest
TT equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of
context. As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problems to be
solved and an interlinear translation is a completely literal translation. It is
done by reproducing the linguistic feature of the SL text, whether that is in
form of words, clauses, phrase, sentences, etc, into the TL text. Larson
adds although it may be very useful for purpose of the study of the source
language, they are little help to the speakers of the receptor language who
are interested in the meaning of the source language text.26
A literal
translation sounds like nonsense and has little communication value.
Vinay and Darbelnet in Lawrence Venuti book‟s stated that literal,
or word for word translation is a direct transfer of the source language text
into a grammatically and idiomatically appropriate target language text in
which the translators task is limited to observing the adherence to the
linguistic servitudes of the TL. For example27
:
SL: This train arrives at Union Station at ten.
TL: Kereta ini tiba di stasion union jam sepuluh
If, after trying the first three procedures, translators regard a literal
translation unacceptable, they must turn to the methods of oblique
translation.
25Lawrence Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader, p. 84
26Larson, Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to Cross-Language Equivalence, (New
York: University Press of America, 1984), p. 67
27 Lawrence Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader, p. 84
12
It is unacceptable if the message, when translated literally28
:
a. Gives another meaning
b. Has no meaning
c. Is structurally impossible
d. Does not have corresponding expression within the metalinguistic
experience of the target language or
e. Has a corresponding expression, but not within the same register.
2. Transposition
The method called transposition involves replacing one word class
with another without changing the meaning of the message. Beside being a
special translation procedure, transposition can also be applied within a
language. There are two types of transpositions: obligatory and optional
transposition. Obligatory transposition is when the target language has no
other choices because of the language system. For example29
:
SL: As soon as he gets up TL: sesegera mungkin dia bangun
An optional transposition is a transposition that, for the sake of
style, can be chosen by the translator if it fits better into the utterance. For
example:
SL: After he comes back to Bali.
TL: setelah kedatangannya kembali ke Bali
3. Modulation
Vinay and Darbelnet in Lawrence Venuti‟s book stated that
modulation is a variation of form of the message, obtained by a change in
the point of view. This change can be justified when, although a literal, or
even transposed, translation results in a grammatically correct utterance,
but is considered unsuitable, unidiomatic and awkward in the target
28
Lawrence Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader, p. 86 29
Lawrence Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader, p. 88
13
language. There are two types of modulation: free or optional modulation
and fixed or obligatory modulation.
Free or optional modulation can be done because of non-linguistic
reasons. It is mostly used to stress the meaning, to make coherence or to
find out the natural form in the target language.
For example30
:
SL: By the wilt of God
TL: Di luar kemampuan manusia
Fixed or obligatory modulation occurs when a word, phrase or a
structure cannot be found in the TL. When an active sentence is translated
into a passive one, this is an instance of this type of modulation. For
example:
SL: I grew up in Jakarta TL: Saya dibesarkan di Jakarta
4. Equivalence
One and the same situation can be rendered by two text using
completely different stylistic and structural methods. In such cases they
are dealing with the method with equivalent text. For example31
,
SL: as like as two peas
TL: seperti dua kacang
From the explanation above, it can conclude that the process of
translation in this research will help the writer to know how the process of
translation itself. From the analysis of texts the writer should read the texts
carefuly and then transferring the meaning uses of mind to find the
equivalent and the last reconstructuring to decide the meaning itself
without changing the meaning. These types will be used to help the writer
to find the finding and besides the types of translation above, the types of
translation could also divide based on the language that involved in the
30 Lawrence Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader, p. 89
31 Lawrence Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader, p. 90
14
process of the translation. The writer wants to uses these types to find out
the analysis.
E. Shift in Translation
Lawrence Venuti defines „shifts‟ as departures form fomal
correspondence in the process of going from the Source Language to the
Target Language. There are two kinds of translation shifts32
.
1. Intra System Shifts
A system is available in each system in one language can show
fundamental differences from the terms of the same system in another
language. This can be considered as a major source of shift at this level of
language description. In other hand, Intra-System Shifts refer to those
changes that occur internally within a system. They are regarded only on the
assumption that is formal correspondence between the two languages, i.e.
SL-TL should possess approximate systems. The equivalence is said to
occur at a non-corresponding term in the TL system. All languages have
their systems of number, deixis, articles, etc. Intra-System shift happen
when a term is plural in the source text and its textual equivalent is singular.
For Example33
:
Source Language Text Target Language Text
Victories
Kemenangan
Victories in the source language text is plural form. It is translated in
to kemenangan in the target language text and it is a singular form. The
word in target language should be in plural too but if it is transferred into
“kemenangan- kemenangan”, the meaning will sound weird. But it should
32 Lawrence Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader, p.141
33Herman. Shift in Translation from English into Indonesia on Narrative Text.
International Journal of European Studies. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2017, p 72-77.
15
be in singular (vice versa). The changes from plural to singular is called
intra-system shift.
From the explanation above, it can conclude that there are five kinds
of shifts, there are : level shift, category shift, unit shift, class shift and intra
system shift. In this research the writer only used intra system shift and level
shifts to find the causal of intra system and level shift in the English-
Indonesian subtitle of Harry Potter film. The writer only focus in two point
because it is related to the subtitle that the writer will analyze and also the
level shift and intra system shift is not become the commonly object in the
other researchers.
2. Level Shift
This is a shift of level. By level shift, it is meant that a source
language item at one linguistic level has a target language translation
equivalent at a different level. As pointed by Catford in Lawrence Venuti‟s
book, it may occur because the translation between these levels of
phonology and graphology - or between these levels of grammar and lexis –
is impossible.34
Translation between these levels and the levels is absolutely
ruled out by the theory, which posits „relationship to the same substance‟ as
the necessary condition of translation equivalence. Then, with shifts from
grammar to lexis or vice versa as the only possible level shifts in translation;
and such shifts are, of course, quite common. For example35
:
Source Language Target Language
He is eating Dia sedang makan
In this translation, there is a shift from grammar to lexis in which the
patterns to be +v-ing (grammar) in the source language text is translated
into lexicon sedang in the target language text.
34 Lawrence Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader, p.142
35Herman. Shift in Translation from English into Indonesia on Narrative Text.
International Journal of European Studies. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2017, p. 72-77. 11
16
a. Category Shift
Catford refers it to the unbounded and rank-bound translation.
The first being approximately „normal‟ of „free‟ translation in which
SL-TL equivalences are set up at whatever rank is appropriate.
Usually, but not always, there is sentence equivalent, but in the course
of text, equivalences may shift up and down the rank scale, often being
established at rank lower than the sentence. Translation is used only to
refer to those special cases where equivalence is delibarately limited to
ranks below the sentence, thus leading to „bad translation‟ that is
translation in which the TL text is either not a normal TL from at all,
or is not relatable to the same situational substance as the SL text.36
However, it is clearly meaningless to talk about category shift unless
we assume some degree of formal correspondence between SL and
TL.
b. Structure Shift
This is among the most frequent category shift at all ranks in
translation: they occur in phonological and graphonological translation
as well as in total translation. Structure shift is indicated by a situation
when there are two languages which have different element of
structure besides, the source language and target language should have
formal correspondence.
For example:
Source Language Text Target Language Text
Old man Laki – laki tua
O
36 Lawrence Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader, p.141
17
old man in the source language text is constructed of modifier (old) +
head (man), meanwhile in target language it becomes laki – laki tua
which is constructed of head (laki-laki) + modifier (tua.)37
c. Class Shift
In this term, Catford is following defiition on class. Class is
defined as that grouping of in the structure of the unit next above.38
Class shift occurs when the translation equivalent of a SL item is a
member of a different class from the original item due to the logical
dependence of class on structure, it is clear that structure shift usually
involve class shifts, though this may be demonstratable only at a
secondary degree of delicacy. For example39
:
Source Language Text Target Language Text
Medical student Mahasiswa kedokteran
In this example, medical in the source language text is an
adjective, meanwhile kedokteran in the target language text is a noun.
Here, the translation equivalent has different class from the original
item.
d. Unit shift
In this term, kind of shifts involves change in rank. It departs
from formal correspondence in which the translation equivalent of a
unit at one rank in the SL is the unit at a different rank in the TL. For
example40
: a phrase into a clause.
37 Herman. Shift in Translation from English into Indonesia on Narrative Text.
International Journal of European Studies. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2017, pp. 72-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ijes.20170103.11
38 Lawrence Venuti, p. 141
39 Herman. Shift in Translation from English into Indonesia on Narrative Text.
International Journal of European Studies. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2017, p. 72-77. 40
Herman. Shift in Translation from English into Indonesia on Narrative Text, p. 72-77.
18
Source Language Text Target Language Text
The boy buy banana
Anak laki – laki yang membeli
pisang
The boy buy banana in source language is a phrase and translated
into anak laki-laki yang membeli pisang as clause, since it has a
subject (anak laki-laki) and a predicate ( yang ). The change of group
in the source language (SL) to sentence in the Target Language (TL) is
called Unit Shift.
F. The Causes of Intra System Shift and Level Shift
1. Intra system shift
Intra system shift is occur when translation involves selection of a
non corresponding term in the target language system. There are several
reason that can be identified as the cause of intra system shift, there are41
:
a. The use of the noun as a generic
It means that when we will refers to anything of words in
general the writer can declare a generic reference it by using singular
noun. For example, “a cat is an intelligent animal”. In this sentence it
is not refer to a specific cat, but only revealed a concept generally
accepted that cat are intelligent animals. The statement, in indonesian
language it can translated as a formally equivalent become “seekor
kucing adalah seekor binatang yang cerdas”. But this expression do
not acceptable in indonesian language, so the writer need shift function
to make it clear and the translate become“kucing (adalah) binatang
yang cerdas.” From example above, determiner or article (a,an) are
not realized in tranlation. This phenomenon wa called as zero
tranlsation or omission. In indonesia language, the number, article
41 J.C Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, (London: Oxford University Press,
1965), p. 80
19
(a,an) become “satu, sebuah, seekor, sebilah and the others” are do not
need to be tranlated. When refering to the generic noun, though
formally the couple words is the formal correspondence.
In fact, the expression “a dog” and “an animal” above, can also
be realized in the plural, without changing the meaning and function of
the sentence that refering to the generic noun. However, should any
adjustment of other word to make the sentence is acceptable. And the
sentence will become “cats are intelligent animals”, and in indonesian
language become “kucing (adalah) hewan yang cerdas” and it cannot
be expressed in the plural noun become “Kucing-kucing adalah
binatang-binatang yang cerdas”.
b. The use of the plural noun after plural pointer.
In indonesian and english there are singular and plural, so a
correspondence. For example:
SL : houses in downtown area are very expensive.
TL : rumah-rumah di pusat kota sangat mahal.
In this case, word “houses” has formal correspondence with the
word “rumah-rumah”. However, when the plural was preceded by the
plural number, which indicates that the noun more than one, then there
is a difference in the grammatical system of the language. if the
reference refers to countable nouns in english, every time there is a
determiner that indicates the amount is more than one, then the noun
form should be plural. Difference grammatical system is causing inta-
system shift in translation.
Example:
SL : Many houses on the coast were swept away by the flood.
TL : Banyak rumah di pinggir pantai tersapu banjir.
Word “houses” must plural in english grammar system, for
their words plural pointer in front of it, that ”many”, in order to meet
the rules of language (agreement / concordance). By contrast, in the
indonesian language, if there is plural that indicates the noun phrase,
20
the noun that follows it should not be plural. In this case, the form of
the word in thus expression “banyak rumah-rumah” is ambiguous and
rance.
c. Different concept on plural of word.
Intra system can also occur when translate the words were
viewed differently by the two communities users of this language. the
difference is because the one of them understand it as a whole, while
others understand it as two parts in to one.
Table 1.6 differences between English and Indonesian
Perspectives.
English (SL) Indonesian Language
(TL)
a pair of trousers Sebuah celana
a pair of scissors Sebuah gunting
a pair of glasses Sebuah kacamata
From the table above can conclude that, the three things above
were singular in Indonesian language, while in English those things
were two parts of thing which become unity to get appropriate
function. So in this case it caused of Intra system shift.
English (SL) Indonesian Language
(TL)
A pair of hands Sepasang tangan
21
In the last table, there is no difference concept, so there is no
translation shift. Intra system shift only happen when there are two
perspectives or difference concepts of a things. Based on the
explanation from the table above that there is no difference concept of
plural thing so there is no intra system shift. Intra system shift only
happen when there are two perspectives or difference concepts of a
things. Two nouns from example above is the single object in
Indonesian language, while in English is two parts that must be one in
order to function as the purpose. So when in Indonesian language use
word plural or use the replay word in translate into English needs to be
done carefully.
d. The differences in the concept of words and tenses
Intra-system shift could occur when in indonesian language,
the writer can use exprssion “saya sudah bertemu dia minggu lalu”. In
this case the writer choose perfective with “have+v3” or based on the
past tense “v2”. So translated became “I have met him” or “I have met
him last week”. In this case the writer cannot expressing both markers
perfective and past tense in english became “I have met her last week”,
because the grammar system will say the sentence is not natural.
2. Level Shift
The writer have already pointed out that level in level shift mean a
source language (SL) item at one linguistic level has a target language
(TL) trans-lation equivalent at a different level. Because translation
A pair of shoes Sepasang sepatu
A pair of handkerchiefs
Sepasang saputangan
22
between the levels of phonology and graphology, or between either of
these levels and the levels it was of grammar and lexis is impossible.
Hence, translator needs level shifts in translation shift. Level shift is the
shift which happened from level of grammar into lexis or vice versa. It
means that a grammatical of language (like in English which has pattern
Have+V3), because every language has different grammar. As we know
that in English use tenses to identify the time of the event whereas in
Indonesian language does not know about tenses. Then, to solve the
problem of the differences pattern between English and Indonesia,
translator needs a change of grammatical pattern.
Like level shift, if in English has grammatical pattern
(have/has/had+V3/V+ing) and it must translate become word (lexis) of
another language, as in Indonesia using word “telah” or “sudah”. In A
Linguistic Theory of Translation, Catford stated that:
By shift of level the writer mean that a SL item at one linguistic
level has a TL translation equivalent at a different level42
. Then, he stated
that by level shift means a shift from grammar to lexis; and here are the
examples.
Examples43
:
1) SL: I am working hard.
TL: Saya sedang bekerja keras
2) SL: I have worked hard.
3) TL: Saya sudah bekerja keras
From the text in the source language above, it is found that In the
Data 1, the sentence shows that the activity was temporary activity, it may
happen before the speaker speaks. In English pattern it called present
continuous tense the grammatical item tobe + v-ing (pattern of Present
Continuous Tense in English) in the source language is translated into
sedang in the target language. So the level shift in the translation is
42 J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, (London: Oxford University Press,
1965), p. 73 43
Margono, Essentials of Theory and Practice of Translation, (Denpasar, 1999), p. 21
23
indicated by grammar in the source language which is translated into lexis
in the target language.
Level shift also happens in the example (2) because the forms have
+ Perfect Tense marker (pattern of Present Perfect Tense in English) in the
source language is translated into target language by using the lexis sudah.
All of the sentences above can conclude that they have different pattern
but it was a grammar. Since in level shift need the change from grammar
to lexis and those grammar was translated become lexis (there is lowering
level) also. Hence, whatever the structure, if it was translated become
lexis, it was called level shift. In other words, it is simply a shift from
grammar to lexis.
Based on the explanation above it can conclude that there are some
causal of Intra system shift and level shift. The writer will use the theory
to find out the causal of intra system and level shift.
G. Review of Related Research
In this thesis, there are researchers that have been found by the writer
who have discussed about intra system and level shift they are:
Firstly, the student of Universitas HKBP Nommensen, Medan-
Pematangsiantar, Indonesia 2010, named Herman, thesis entitled “Category
Shifts in the English Translation of Harry Potter and the Philosopher‟s Stone
film Subtitle into Indonesia”44
. The data of this research were taken from the
movie subtitle of Harry Potter from English into Indonesia by Togap. The
writer uses the combination of way of using descriptive qualitative and
quantitative approach. One indispensable and important tactic to Indonesian
translation of Newmark„s eight translation methods which then becomes a
reasonable choice and the quality of translation are decided by the translator„s
cultural awareness and creativity. The writer finds that Category Shifts found
in Harry Potter and the Philosopher‟s stone Movie Subtitle After analyzing the
data, the researcher found in his research that all kinds of category shifts
44 Herman, Category Shifts in the English Translation of “Harry Potter and the
Philosopher‟s Stone” by J.K.Rowling. Universitas HKBP Nommensen, Medan-Pematangsiantar,
Indonesia 2010. P.3
24
found in the subtitle of Harry Potter and the Philosopher‟s stone Movie. The
category shifts used are: unit, structure, class, and intra-system shifts. Then, it
classifies the idioms into different categories. In the end, gives some
techniques and procedures to translate them.
Secondly, Student of State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah
Jakarta 2010, Named Suhaila, Entitle Unit-Shift Analysis of English
Indonesian Translation of the Tale of The Three Brothers by J.K. Rowling45
.
The objective of this research to find out the patterns of unit shift in English-
Indonesian translation and also to figure out what are the factors that can
cause or affect each unit shift. The theory of unit shift used in this research is
based on translation shift theory by J.C. Catford. The methodology used in
this research is qualitative descriptive method. This research is accomplished
by the writer by reading and comparing the English text and Indonesian text.
The data where unit shift from source text to target text occured. The data are
classified according to each unit and the patterns of the shift are found after
classified.The writer found some interesting translation equivalent when
reading the translation of the tale of the three brothers, which included in The
Tales of Beedle the Bard which was written by a very phenomenal author, J.K.
Rowling.
Thirdly, Student of University Sumatera Utara, Medan 2010, named
Citra Nora Selviana Simanjuntak, entitle of thesis an Analysis of Unit Shift in
Harry Potter and The Order of Phoenix Movie Subtitles into Bahasa
Indonesia46
. The problem of the analysis in this thesis is how the unit shifts
occur in Harry Potter and The Order of Phoenix movie subtitles. There are
five units representing ranks in english which are described in this translation.
They are morpheme from morpheme into word,phrase from phrase into clause
and phrase into word, sentence from sentence into phrase,and sentence into
45
Suhaila, A Unit-Shift Analysis of English Indonesian Translation of “The Tale of the Three Brothers” by J.K. Rowling. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2010. p.3
46 Citra Nora Selviana Simanjuntak, An Analysis of Unit Shift in Harry Potter and The
Order of Phoenix Movie Subtitles into Bahasa Indonesia. University Sumatera Utara, Medan,
2010. p.3
25
clause , word from word into phrase, clause from clause into word and clause
into phrase. This thesis using Newmark theories.
Finally, in this case the writer disscus about what do intra system shift
and level shift and also the causal of both of them and the more dominant
between intra system shift and level shift that found in subtittle from English
to Indonesian. In this case the writer try to found what the factor that can
influence Intra System and Level Shift while do translate from English to
Indonesian, and try to know what are the significant factor that become
dominant factor while tranlated. The writer hopes that this thesis will be useful
for both theoritical and practical source in learning how to translate English
Indonesian subtitle and how the Intra System and Level Shift influence the
proses of translated from English to Indonesian subtitle.
26
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
A. Design of Research
In writing this thesis, the writer uses qualitative research with
descriptive method because that is suitable with the aim of this research.
Qualitative research may be in descriptive form. The data are collected in the
form of words as a descriptive explanation than a number. The result of the
research contained quotation from the data to illustrate and substantive the
presentation. Descriptive method is a research which aims to describe a
phenomenon accurately based on the characteristic of research.47
In this thesis,
the writer will use qualitative research, where the data are analyzed through
interpreting, not statistic analysis. Nyoman Kutha Ratna stated that:
“Metode kualitatif memberikan perhatian terhadap data alamiah, data
dalam hubungannya dengan konteks keberadaanya. Cara-cara inilah
yang mendorong metode kualitatif dianggap sebagai multi metode
sebab penelitian pada gilirannya melibatkan sejumlah besar gejala
sosial yang relevan. Dalam penelitian karya sastra, misalnya, akan
dilibatkan pengarang, lingkungan social di mana pengarang berada,
termasuk unsur-unsur kebudayaan.”48
Based on the quotation above, the qualitative research can be used in
this research due to the qualitative method did not only involves the intrinsic
aspect in literary work. So, that is why, the qualitative method also can be said
as multi method. Descriptive is: “Data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata-kata,
gambar dan bukan angka-angka,hal itu disebabkan oleh penerapan metode
kualitatif.”49
Qualitative research in research procedures which produce descriptive
data as spoken words of the person or behavior being researched.
47
John W. Creswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, (United States of America:
California 1997), p. 15. 48
Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Cet. Ke-III edisi
revisi,(Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2011), p. 47. 49
Martinis Yatim, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan dan Sosial Kualitatif dan
Kuantitatif, (Jakarta: Bogor Pnerbit Ghalia Indonesia, 2009), p. 191.
27
Moh Nazir stated that “Metode deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk membuat
deskripsi, gambaran atau lukisan secara sistematis, factual dan akurat
mengenai fakta-fakta, sifat-sifat serta hubungan antar fenomena yang
diselidiki”50
. It makes easy the research to get the right data. It means that
qualitative method is analyzing about descriptive data are used documentation
in this research, by using this qualitative method, the writer felt easy to
analyze the novel.
Based on those statements, it can conclude that qualitative research is
analyzing about descriptive data that is collected is in the form of the situation
of the natural object. Where descriptive data such as writer or spoken, by
using qualitative research the writer will get the answer about the question in
analyzing the factor that influence shift translation in subtitle of Harry Potter
And The Sorcerer‟s Stone film by Chris Columbus.
B. Sources of Data
Primary data were the main data directly related to the discussion of
the thesis. In this research the writer takes the primary data From Harry Potter
and The Sorcerer‟s Stone film, a film which was directed by Chris Columbus
and rilis on 4 November 2001, with the duration 152 minutes. The writer uses
the text and subtitle. The data which support this research such as some
internet, books, dictionaries, and the other source that have correlation with
the research.51
The film was download in Indo XXI while the subtittles was
download on 12 November 2019.
C. Technique of Data Collection
In an effort to get the data and fact, in this research the writer uses
qualitative research, the techniques in qualitative research. The writer uses
documentation. Sugiyono stated that “Dokumen merupakan catatan peristiwa
yang sudah berlalu dan dokumen ialah setiap bahan tertulis, film atau pun
dari record yang dipersiapkan karena adanya permintaan seorang
50Moh. Nazir, Motode Penelitian, (Bogor: Pnerbit Ghalia Indonesia, 2011), p. 54.
51Tim Penyusun, Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi, (Jambi: Fakultas Adab-Sastra dan
Kebudayaan Islam, 2011), p. 14.
28
penyidik”.52
It means that in qualitative research, the writer uses some
documents that have correlation or support the problem of the research,
because this research is descriptive that is why the writer describes and
analyzes the data that has been found in Harry Potter And The Sorcerer‟s
Stone film to answer of the problems that has been formulated in the
formulation of the problem. The writer has some steps in collecting the data
and also used Sugiyono theory based on Sugiyono‟s book, in order to make
this research more specific. The steps in collecting data53
:
1. Collecting all data from the film that had been taking from script and other
sources which are closely related to the research and also watching
repeatedly.
2. Reading the data repeatedly, after getting all important sources, the writer
checked it to make sure that the data are relating with the research.
3. Marking on the words or sentences and all the important statements and
information, making a note of data. After reading the sources carefully, the
writer marks any important statements to make the writer easier in the
analyzing process for the research.
4. Identifying and classifying the data, after finding all the data completely,
the writer processes the data to analyze them. Finally, the writer makes a
good arrangement for the thesis proposal itself as the last in finalizing
research.
D. Technique of Data Analysis
After collecting the data, the writer analyzes the data. In qualitative
research, technique analysis data are used to answer the formulation of the
problem in analysis data, the writer used a technique of data analysis.
The writer has several techniques from the data analysis, in order to
make this research more specific. According to Susan Stain back, “Data
analysis is critical to the qualitative research process. It is to recognition,
study, and understanding of interrelationship and concept in your data that
52Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, (Bandung: Alfabeta,
2009), p. 9. 53
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, p.9
29
hypotheses and assertions can be developed and ecaluated”.54
Nyoman Kutha
Ratna stated that “Sesuai dengan namanya analisisisi terutama berhubungan
dengan isi komunikasi baik secara verbal maupun nonverbal55
.
In this research, the writer uses technique descriptive analysis because
this research is descriptive. It was way the writer describes, analyzes the data
that has been found in the Harry Potter and The Sorcerer‟s Stone film to find
the answer the formulation of the problems that have been formulated. The
writer has some steps in analyzing the data, in order to make this research
more specific and the writer used Nyoman Khuta Ratna theory56
.
The steps are:
1. Identifying
The writer identifies the data and make assumptions and try to
finds the statement that has changed from English subtitle to the
Indonesian subtitle Harry Potter And The Sorcerer‟s Stone film by Chris
Columbus and the causal intra system shift and level shift in English-
Indonesian subtitle.
2. Classifying the data
The writer classifies the text which has correlated with the source
and subtitle combined in Harry Potter And The Sorcerer‟s Stone.
3. Analyzing, describing, explaining
The writer analyzes, describes and explains the data about the intra
system and level shift that influence in subtitle of Harry Potter And The
Sorcerer‟s Stone film.
4. Making the conclusion
After all the data have been done by all of the steps, the writer will
make the conclusion of the research.
54
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, p. 244. 55
Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra, p. 48. 56
Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra, p.
55.
30
CHAPTER IV
FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS
The writer has done all the research methods to find all the data from the
English-Indonesian subtitle in Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone film who have
been conducted and the data is described in this chapter. The data was collected
from the text, subtitle and also the other source that have correlation with the
research.
A. Findings
The writer has been explaining the theory of the translation shift
focused on intra system shift and level shift in the previous chapter. In this
chapter the writer is going to apply that theory in the research finding.
This research finding source from the film titled Harry Potter and
Sorcerer‟s Stone by Chris Columbus. The film was pulished in 2001. The
writer also used English-Indonesian subtitle to analyse the data. In this
research findings, the writer collects and classify the data where some of Intra
system shift and level shift, and also the causal of intra system shift and level
shift that found in the data. The findings of research show that from intra
system shift, the researcher founds all sentence that contained intra system
shift, level shift, and causes of intra system shift and level shift that used by
characters in Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, the intra system was found in
subtitle are 12 data, level shift was found in subtitle are 10 data, and the causal
of intra system shift and level shift was found in subtitle are 7 data. In
conclusion, intra system shift was mostly dominant used in sentence by
characters in Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone Film
B. Analysis
1. Intra System Shift Found in Harry Potter and Sorcerer`S Stone Film
Intra-system shift is one of the kinds of categories shift. Intra
system shift is a shift that occurs internally, within a system; that is, for
those cases where SL and TL possess systems which approximately
correspond formally as to their constitution, but when translation involves
31
selection of a non-corresponding term in the TL system. A system is
available in each system in one language can show fundamental
differences from the terms of the same system in another language. This
can be considered as a major source of shifts at this level of language
description. They are regarded only on the assumption that is formal
correspondence between the two languages, i.e. SL-TL should possess
approximate systems.
The equivalence is said to occur at a non-corresponding term in the
TL system. All languages have their systems of number, deixis, articles,
etc. Intra-System shifts happen when a term is singular in the source text
and its textual equivalent is plural57
.
(Picture 1 )
( Data 1 of intra system shift )
SL : “Sorry about him. He does not understand what it‟s like, lying
day after day, having people press their ugly faces in on
you”58
TL: “Maafkan dia, ia tidak mengerti rasanya tinggal disini hari
demi hari, melihat orang menempelkan wajah mereka yang
jelek untuk melihatmu”59
The following picture explains the writer analyzes form of English
syntactic, that Noun+S/Es was indicated for plural things. Like places,
books, windows, etc. That words have formal correspondence in target
language, as same as indicate plural. It will be different if it translate in to
57 Herman. Shift in Translation from English into Indonesia on Narrative Text.
International Journal of European Studies. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2017, p 72-77 58
Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 00:06:19 59
Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub.
32
TL may take form of singular noun. As the example it could be seen that
from SL it is plural, but if it translated to TL it becomes singular. i.e in
picture 1 : SL : “Sorry about him. He does not understand what it‟s like,
lying day after day, having people press their ugly faces in on you” and if
it translated in to TL with using the intra system shift it will become
“maafkan dia, ia tidak mengerti rasanya tinggal disini hari demi hari,
melihat orang menempelkan wajah mereka yang jelek untuk melihatmu”.
In this translated the word faces it is refers to plural word caused of the S
as a marker of plural, but it has singular meaning if it translated to
Indonesian language, becaused in Indonesian there is no repetition word. It
is the example of intra sytem happened. But if the SL translate in to TL
without using the intra system shift it will become TL : “Maafkan dia, ia
tidak mengerti rasanya tinggal disini hari demi hari, melihat orang
menempelkan wajah-wajah mereka yang jelek untuk melihatmu”. The
reason is, if it translated still be plural the sounds will be ambigous and
redundant and also will affect to the grammatical system because of the
equivalent was not correspondent. It based on the theory of Catford that
Intra-System Shifts refer to those changes that occur internally within a
system. They are regarded only on the assumption that is formal
correspondence between the two languages, i.e. SL-TL should possess
approximate systems. The equivalence is said to occur at a non-
corresponding term in the TL system It is the one of function of intra
system shift make the translated become natural, so it has corresponden of
each system and also to avoid the redundancy and ambigous word.
(Picture 2 )
( Data 2 of intra system shift )
33
SL : You are the boy who lived60
TL : Kau anak yang bertahan hidup61
The following picture explains the writer analyzes the bold text
classify as an intra-system shift. It can analyze from the word you are the
boy who lived in SL that was translated into kau anak yang bertahan
hidup in TL. Literally, you are the boy who lived in SL should be
translated into kau anak laki-laki yang bertahan hidup in TL, but intra
system happen in this word so the translated become Kau anak yang
bertahan hidup . In English NP, the is determiner, boy is the modifier and
lived is the head while in Indonesian NP, anak is the head and bertahan
hidup is the modifier. The determiner the is not translated in TL because it
is a marker to show general word, so it has corresponding system in
English as the source text and also in Indonesian as the target language.
( Picture 3 )
( Data 3 of intra system shift )
SL : “it takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to your
enemies”62
TL :“Membutuhkan keberanian besar untuk melawan
musuhmu”63
The following picture explains the writer analyzes there is a part of
structure shift occurring called Intra System Shift, i.e. the change form the
source language “your” which comes as the pre-modifier before the
headword “enemies”, becomes post-modifier “mu” which comes after the
60 Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 00:30:57
61 Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
62 Duration 02:14:4
63 Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
34
headword “musuh” in the target language. If the grammatical system of
the source language is maintained in transferring the expression “your
enemies” and translated literally, it will be “kamu musuh” or “kamu
musuh-musuh”. That expression is not acceptable in the target language.
Therefore, the translator uses shifts in transferring the expression becomes
“musuhmu” that has corresponding system in English as the source text
and also in target language.
( Picture 4 )
( Data 4 of intra system shift )
SL : ““No blasted letters today””64
TL : “tak akan ada surat hari ini”65
The following pictures explain the word “letters” translated
into “surat” in the target text. The morpheme-s in the word “letters” is
a plural marker. The plural marker of Indonesian language is by
repeating the word twice it is not realized in the target text. The word
“letters” is translated into “surat”. It sounds strange when it is
translated into “surat-surat”. The word “letters” signifies the plurality.
Because of that reason, the “letters” is translated into “surat” and it
has corresponding in SL or TL. It is the function of intra system.
Based on the research the first question about intra system
shift, the writer found twelve data of intra system. This finding is
matched with the theory by Catford, saying that there are twelve data
64
Duration 01 :36:03 65
Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
35
of intra system shift it is different with the finding of another research.
The writer only focused on intra system shift and found twelve data,
but Herman from Universitas HKBP Nommensen, Medan the
researcher found all kinds of category shifts.
2. Level Shift Found in Harry Potter and Sorcerer`S Stone Film
The writer have already pointed out that level in level shift mean a
source language (SL) item at one linguistic level has a target language
(TL) translation equivalent at a different level. Because translation
between the levels of phonology and graphology, or between either of
these levels and the levels it was of grammar and lexis is impossible.
Hence, translator needs level shifts in translation shift.
Level shift is the shift which happened from level of grammar into
lexis or vice versa. It means that a grammatical of language (like in
English which has pattern Have+V3), because every language has
different grammar. As we know that in English use tenses to identify the
time of the event whereas in Indonesian language does not know about
tenses. Then, to solve the problem of the differences pattern between
English and Indonesia, translator needs a change of grammatical pattern.
Like level shift, if in English has grammatical pattern
(have/has/had+V3/V+ing) and it must translate become word (lexis) of
another language, as in Indonesia using word “telah” or “sudah”66
.
(Picture 5)
( Data 1 of level shift )
66
Lawrence Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader, p.142
36
SL: “Hagrid is bringing him”67
TL: “Sedang dibawa hagrid”68
The following picture explains the writer analyzes the sentence
shows the activity start in the temporary activity, it may happen before the
speaker speaks that called present continuous tense. The pattern is (S +
tobe + V + ing) “is bringing”, and it has translated become “sedang”
because in that time it is happen. The bold text, “is bringing” in SL is
translated into “sedang” in TL. The level shift applied in this NP,
because the level in the SL was changed in TL “bringing” is the head and
modified by the word is. In this sentence “his” is indicate as a word that
has changed become “phrase”.
(Picture 6)
( Data 2 of level shift )
SL: I think we have given a bad influencer on her”69
.
TL: “kupikir kita telah memberikan pengaruh buruk padanya70
The following picture 2 before, the sentence shows the pattern of
present perfect (have+V3) which is showing that the activity has been
done but still happened. Then in target language (TL) has translated
become lexis “telah”. The bold text, “have give” in SL is translated into
“telah” in TL. The level shift applied in this NP because the level in the
SL was changed in TL “given” is the head and modified by the word
have.
For the example based on the data :
67 Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 00:01:54
68 Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
69 Duration 01:26:44.
70 Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
37
( Picture 7 )
( Data 3 of level shift )
SL: “ I think he has leave the Dungeon ”71
TL: kupikir troll itu sudah meninggalkan dungeon72
The following picture explains, the sentences “have read” and
“has leave” are the pattern of present perfect (have/has+V1) which is
showed that the activity has been done, but it is still happen till now. Then
in target language (TL) has translated become lexis “telah” and “sudah”.
All of the sentences above could concluded that they have different pattern
but it was a grammar. Since in level shift need the change from grammar
to lexis and those grammar was translated become lexis. Hence, whatever
the structure, if it was translated become lexis, it was called level shift.
Based on the research in the second question about level shift, the
writer found ten data of level shift. This finding is matched with the
theory by Catford, saying that there are ten data of level shift it is different
with the finding of another research. The writer only focused on intra
system shift and found twelve data, but the reseach named Suhaila from
State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah the researcher found the
factors that can cause or affect each unit shift and only focus on unit shift.
C. The Causes of Intra System Shift and Level Shift
1. The use of the noun as a generic
It means that when the writer will refers to anything of words in
general the writer can declare a generic reference it by using singular
71 Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 01:27:34
72 Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
38
noun. In English when the writer want to indicate something that are
generally, the writer can indicate it using determiner a, an and the73
.
For example:
( Picture 8 )
( Data 1 of Causes of Intra system shift and level shift )
SL : “blown up? You told me my parents died in a car crash”74
TL : “ledakan? Kau bilang dulu orangtua ku meninggal dalam
kecelakaan mobil” 75
The following picture explains the writer analyzes determiner or
article “a” was not realistically in the translation. This phenomenon called
zero translation or omission. In Indonesian Language, was not important to
explicit numeral of the things like “satu, sebuah, seekor, sabilah”and so
on. If the writer want to indicate general things, although formally the
things were a pair, it would be called formal correspondence. In a fact, in
English determiner “a” can be realist as a plural with unchanged the
meaning and function of the sentence and also to refer the generally word.
But, it must be suited with another word, so the sentence has formal
correspondent and it can be more logical. The translation of “a car crash”
is “kecelakaan mobil” it cannot be translated as “sebuah kecelakaan
mobil” because it become illogically in this context. And also article a in
the sentence is refer to the generally word “car”.
73
J.C Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, (London: Oxford University Press, 1965), p. 80
74 Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 00:16:49
75 Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
39
Another example of noun as a generic :
( Picture 9 )
( Data 2 of Causes of Intra system shift and level shift )
SL: “The staircases change”76
TL: “Tangganya suka berubah”77
The following picture explains the writer analyzes, determiner or
article “the” was not realistically in the translation. This phenomenon
called zero translation or omission. In a fact, in English determiner “the”
can be realist as a plural with unchanged the meaning and function of the
sentence. But, it must be suited with another word, so the sentence can be
more logical. the translation of “The staircasess” is “Tangganya suka
berubah”, it cannot be translated as “tangga-tangga suka berubah”.
Because people know that stair is the general and also as a plural noun, but
it cannot become plural if it translate in to Indonesia because in Indonesian
there is no repetation word. This phenomena it‟s called Intra system
caused of a noun as a generic.
( Picture 10 )
( Data 3 of Causes of Intra system shift and level shift )
76Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 01:04:32
77 Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
40
SL : “A pity they have let the old punishments die”78
TL : “Sayangnya mereka telah menghapuskan hukuman
zaman dulu”79
The following picture explains the writer analyzes there are two
intra system shift and also level shift in one sentence. It indentified based
on have that has the meaning as a “telah” if it translated in to indonesia
and become lexis and it is the example of level shift. Therefore the intra
system identified based on the word “Punishments” that indicate the intra
system shift if it translated into indonesia and become “hukuman” and if
it‟s translated without using intra system shift it become “hukuman-
hukuman” the sentence become not natural and does not have
correspondent of equivalent.
2. The using of quantifier to show that the noun was plural
The form of English syntactic, that Noun+s/es was indicate for
plural things. Like places, books, windows, etc.
That words have formal correspondence in target language, as
same as indicate plural. But it will be different if there is quantifier which
is show that the noun was plural. There are many kinds of quantifier: a
little, a few, much, many, some, any, each, every, a lot of, most, more,
enough. In English, when the quantifier was show countable noun, so the
translation of noun must be singular. Intra-system shift appear to solve
those problem of differences language system.
(Picture 11)
78
Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 01:42:44 79
Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
41
( Data 1 of Causes of Intra system shift and level shift )
SL : “There's more than were wolves in those trees”80
TL : “Bukan hanya manusia serigala yang hidup disana”81
The following picture explains the writer analyzes, the word “more
than were wolves” has translate in to TL become “bukan hanya manusia
serigala-serigala”. Because there is a quantifier “more” which is to fulfill
the agreement or concordance, in Indonesia language there is no
expression to show plural like “manusia serigala-serigala” and also the
quantifier “more” it also show that the word are plural. So, the translate
from SL to TL it become “bukan hanya manusia serigala” to make this
sentence has formal corresponden of each other. It will make natural in the
target language. The reason why the translate not become “Lebih dari
manusia serigala” because the meaning “bukan hanya” it is refer to
meaning “more” as plural quantifier. In this sentence level shift does not
included.
( Picture 12 )
( Data 2 of Causes of Intra system shift and level shift )
SL : I remember every wand I've ever sold82
TL : Aku ingat setiap tongkat sihir yang pernah kujual, Mr. Potter
83
The following picture explains the writer analyzes, the word
“every” as a quantifier. The writer has already explained in earlier that
quantifier as a plural marker of the word. The quantifiers are adjectives
and adjective phrases that go before nouns. The sentence “I remember
80 Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration
01:43:58 81
Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene
Sub 82
Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration
00:27:33 83
Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene
Sub
42
“every” wand I've ever sold” in SL if it translated in to TL become “Aku
ingat “setiap” tongkat sihir yang pernah kujual, Mr. Potter”. It is the
example of singular but has plural meaning every always means more than
one. The word “every wand” it has meaning as “setiap tongkat” in TL.
So, from the quantifier it make the readers know that the sentence has
plural meaning.
( Picture 13 )
( Data 3 of Causes of Intra system shift and level shift )
SL : Voldemort started to gather some followers84
TL : “Voldemort mulai mengumpulkan pengikutnya”85
The following picture explains the writer analyzes, the word
“some” as a quantifier. The writer has already explained in earlier that
quantifier as a plural marker of the word. The quantifiers are adjectives
and adjective phrases that go before nouns. The sentence “voldemort
started gather “some” followers” in SL if it translated in to TL become
“Voldemort mulai mengumpulkan beberapa pengikut-pengikut nya”, but
this translation has not formal correspondence of SL to TL. So, it should
be “Voldemort mulai mengumpulkan pengikutnya”. Quantifier “some” has
meaning “beberapa” and it is refers to plural. At the same time the word
“followers” refers to plural also. But based on the explained at the
beginning it can be translated as plural in TL because it will not
correspondence between SL to TL. So, from the quantifier it make the
readers know that the sentence has plural meaning.
84 Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 00:39:46
85 Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
43
3. The differences of pluralities concept of certain word
Intra-system shift also can happen in the thing that has two
perspectives based on the two communities with different language, like
English and Indonesia. One of them sees that the thing was unity, but in
other perspective sees that the thing was two things which become unity.
Let see the table bellows. things which become unity.
The example of the data :
(Picture 14)
( Data 1 of Causes of Intra system shift and level shift )
SL : “A pair of handsock”86
TL : “Sepasang sarung tangan kulit naga”87
The following picture explains the writer analyzes, the sentence
has two perspectives based on the two communities with different
language especially English and Indonesian. In this sentence “A” pair of
handsock” it identified as a unity in indonesian “sepasang”, but it has
another perspective in another language especially English as a source
language that the sentence show the thing was two things which become
unity. So in Indonesian “sepasang” means unity but become plural in
English.
4. The differences in the concept of words and tenses
Intra-system shift could occur when in Indonesian language, the
writer can use expression “saya sudah bertemu dia minggu lalu”. In this
case the choose perfective with “have+v3” or based on the past tense “v2”.
86 Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 00:18:20
87 Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
44
So translated became “I have met him” or “I have met him last week”. In
this case the writer cannot expressing both markers perfective and past
tense in english became “I have met her last week”, because the grammar
system will say the sentence is not natural.
The example of the data :
( Picture15)
( Data 1 of Causes of Intra system shift and level shift )
SL : “No, you have made a mistake”88
TL : Tidak, kau telah membuat kesalahan.
The following picture explains the writer analyzes the example of
level shift. It can identify from the grammar that changed to lexis. While
the meaning of the sentence it is depend on the context but the word
“have” of the SL it should change as “telah” in the TL become lexis.
Based on the explanation above it is one of the example of level shiftt. It
can indicated by the meaning and also the formula that have changed
become lexis “telah”.
( Picture 16 )
( Data 2 of Causes of Intra system shift and level shift )
88
Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 00:15:15
45
SL : “ He killed my parents, didn't he?89
TL : ia yang membunuh orangtuaku, bukan ?90
The following picture explains the writer analyzes the perfective
that used in the example is V2. The formulation of grammar that used is
(have+v3) and only use one perfective of the grammatical, it is because of
the difference concept of word and tenses cannot used perfective more
than one. In this case it show that it is only focuse on the perfective of the
grammar that used in the sentence. The perfective that used as a clue of
intra system so people will know what are the kind of the sentence if it see
from the perfective. The different of perfective as level shift and intra
system shift is based on the meaning and context. In this case the writer
cannot express both markers of perfective and past tense in english (SL) in
level shift, because the grammar system is not natural in TL.
( Picture 17 )
SL : “I see your friend Ronald has saved you the trouble of
opening your Chocolate Frogs”
TL : “Nampaknya temanmu, Ron telah membantumu membuka
cokelat katakmu”
The following picture explains the writer analyzes there are the
intra system shift and also level shift in one sentence. It indentified based
on perfektiv Have + V3 that has a meaning as “telah” and if it translate
into Indonesia become lexis to make corresponding between SL and TL.
from the explanation above it show that in the sentence “I see your friend
Ronald has save you the trouble of opening your chocolate” it is the
89 Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 00:28:55
90 Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s S tone, Subscene Sub
46
example of level shift which is the word „has‟ should change to lexis
become “telah”. While the intra system it identify based on the word
“frogs” that has morpheme-s as the marker of plurality. If it translate to
indonesia without using intra system shift it become “katak-katak”, but
based on the explain earlier we cannot express the repetition word in
indonesian language because it will not correspondence between the sl and
tl and become ambigous and also redundancy word. so, it sould use intra
system sift and the translate sould changing become „katak‟ to make it
correspondence each other. It concluded that the point of Intra system
shifts is occur when translation involves selection of a non corresponding
term in the target language system. There are several reason that can be
identified as the cause of intra system shift, there are: the use of the noun
as a generic, the using of quantifier to show that the noun was plural, the
differences of pluralities concept of certain word, The differences in the
concept of words and tenses91
. Meanwhile, level shift if in English has
grammatical pattern (have/has/had+V3/V+ing) and it must translate
become word (lexis) of another language, as in Indonesia using word
“telah” or “sudah”.92
D. The Dominant Shift Between Level Shift and Intra System Shift
After analyzing the data above, the writer found that the dominant
category shifts used in the subtitle of Harry Potter and the Philosopher‟s stone
movie subtitle is Intra System Shift. It can be seen by the writer in counting
the data from the subtittle of Indonesia by Pein Akatsuki. Knowing that, the
most difference between Indonesia and English language is the position of
Head-Modifier and Modifier-Head93
.
91
J.C Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, (London: Oxford University Press, 1965), p. 80
92 Lawrence Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader, p.142
93 Herman. Shift in Translation from English into Indonesia on Narrative Text.
International Journal of European Studies. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2017
47
In this case the writer used J. Catford theory to help writer found the
reason of the intra system that caused it dominant rather than level shift they
are :
1. Noun (plural) Translated into Noun (singular)
In intra system there are several data that include the noun (plural) that
translated into noun (singular) that make the data of intra system more
dominant than level shift data. It can be seen from the data of intra sytem in
picture 3 in the point of intra system shift.
SL: “it takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to your enemies”94
TL : “Membutuhkan keberanian besar untuk melawan musuhmu”95
The English plural noun was translated into Indonesia singular noun in
the datum above. The word “takes” was English plural noun transfer into
“membutuhkan” in Indonesia singular noun. The word “membutuhkan” was
Indonesia singular noun, but there was no change for the message from the
source language. So, there is intra-system shift happened on this sentence. But
it not happen in level shift because it only happens in intra system shift. It is
one of the reason why intra system more dominant rather than level shift.
2. Verb-ed Translated into Verb
The verb-ed translation into verb is the second reason of intra sytem
shift that make it is more dominant rather than level shift. Meanwhile,
commonly the reason why intra system shift more dominant rather than level
shift it also caused of the several part of formula in the structure of
grammatical such as S, ES, ED,ING that occur in the grammatical of intra
system. The example of the verb-ed translation into verb it can be seen in the
picture 17 of the data in point of intra system shift.
94 Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 02:14:4
95 Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
48
SL : “ He killed my parents, didn't he?96
TL : ia yang membunuh orangtuaku, bukan ?97
In this case the word “killed” was verb-ed in English, translated into
“membunuh” a verb in Indonesia. It can conclude that this data was intra
system shift. The word “killed” was past tense but in Indonesia language
there are no differences between present event and past event, so this sentence
was suitable for the context from source language into the target language.
To make it clear the writer make the table of the comparison data
between intra system shift, level shift, and the causal of intra system shift and
level shift that found in the data of the subtitle of Harry Potter And Sorcerer‟s
Stone Film. To know which one of the data that more dominant, lets see the
table and graphic bellow :
Tabel 1: The Comparison of More Dominant Between Intra
System and Level Shift
Number Type of analysis total %
1.
2.
3.
Intra system shift
Causal of intra system and
level shift
- Causal of intra system
- Causal of level shift
Level shift
12
10
7
3
11
48%
24%
34%
Graphic 1. Intra System Shift and Level Shift
Intra System and Level Shift
Intra system shift
Causal of intra system and level shift
96 Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 00:28:55
97 Pein Akatsuki, Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone, Subscene Sub
49
From the table and the graphic above, it can be seen that the intra
system shift is in the highest found in translation shift, reaching 12 data that
found in the subtitle of film or 41% of the total occurrence. However, it is
being followed by the causal of intra system shift and level shif 10 data or 34
%, and level shift 10 data or 34%.
From the finding and discussion above, the reason why intra system
shift more dominant rather than level shift it caused of the several part of
formula in the structure of grammatical such as S, ES, ED,ING that occur in
the grammatical of intra system. While in level shift it is only focus in
grammatical that changes in to lexis because of the different level of grammar
between SL to TL, and if it translate to the TL the SL should be change by
Lexis to make it correspondence and more be naturalness.
50
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
This research of this thesis is objected to find the kinds of translation
shifts in the translation of English language into Indonesian Language. This
research is done based on the theory of translation shift by J. C. Catford. This
theory of translation shift is applied to analyze the film of J. K. Rowling and
directed by Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and The Sorcerer‟s Stone and its
Indonesian translation Harry Potter dan batu betuah by Chris Colombus.
A. Conclusion
1. There are twelve data of intra sytem shift and ten data of level shift
that found in English-Indonesian subtitle of Harry Potter and
Sorcerer‟s Stone film by Chris Columbus. In conclusion, the more
dominant data that occur intra system shift was dominantly found on
the sentence of the English-Indonesian subtitle of Harry Potter and
The Sorcerer‟s Stone by Chris Columbus.
2. There are four causal intra system and level shift that found on the
subtitle of film, they are; The using of quantifier to show that the
noun was plural, The differences of pluralities concept of certain
word, The differences in the concept of words and tenses. The causal
of intra system was found 7 data and the causal of level shift was
found 3 data which is totally 10 data. In conclusions the causal of
intra system shift was mostly dominant in English-Indonesian subtitle
of Harry Potter and The Sorcerer‟s Stone by Chris Columbus.
3. There are twelve data that was found in English-Indonesian subtitle
of Harry Potter and The Sorcerer‟s Stone by Chris Columbus and ten
data of level shift, seven data of the causal of intra system shift and
level shift. In conclusion the more dominant between them is intra
system shift which is the data that was found twelve data.
51
From the summary above the writer conclude that, the writer found the
data of intra system shift and also level shift that can answer the question of
number one. From the findings above the writer know that the translated
without intra system shift and level shift will make the sentence not have
formal correspondence between SL to TL and also make the sentence
ambiguous if it translated in to another language without natural
correspondence, but in this research the writer only discussed about English
and Indonesian subtitle. The writer also found the causal of intra system shift
and level shift that found in English-Indonesian subtitle. And then the writer
found the data that was dominant between intra system shift and level shift
which is the intra sytem sift was mostly dominant and have twelve data.
52
B. Suggestion
The writer would like to suggest that in doing the level shift and intra
system shift and also to know the causal of level shift and intra sytem shift, the
most important thing is to keep the meaning or the message of the source
language remains the same when it is being translated into target language
because of diverence in cultural background of the two languages, a translator
may not find the best equivalent with similar form in the target language.
1. Suggestion for University
The writer also suggest to the next researcher especially for student of
islamic university sulthan thaha saifuddin jambi who want to analyze about
Translation. Thare are many benefits for analyzing about translation. The
writer can know how the source language change to the target language
caused of the shift in translation shift.
2. Suggestion for the Student
The writer also suggest for student, the writer hope they can expert in
linguistics field, especially for translation shift so they can easy while learn
about translation and the factor that can change the language. the writer hope
the other researcher can use this thesis as well.
REFERENCES
Creswell, J, W. (1997). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. United States
of America: California.
Hatim, B and Munday, J. (2004). Translation an Advance Resouece Book. New
York : Madison Avenue.
Hatim, B & Mason. (2005). The Translator as Communicator. Routledge, London
& New York.
Herman. (2017). “Shift in Translation from English into Indonesia on Narrative
Text”. International Journal of European Studies. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2017, p.
72-77.
J.C Catford. (1965). A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford
University.
Jeremy, M. (2001). Introducing Translation Studies. London & New York.
Larson. (1984). Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to Cross-Language
Equivalence. New York: University Press of America.
Lawrence, V. (2000). The Translation Studies Reader. London.
Margono. (1999). Essentials of Theory and Practice of Translation. Denpasar:
Fakultas Sastra Universitas Udayana.
Moh, N. (2011). Motode Penelitian. Bogor: Penerbit Ghalia Indonesia.
Newmark, P. (1987). A Textbook of Translation. London: London Prentice Hall.
Media, N. Definition translation, http://khuzainullah.blogspot.com/2014/10/
definition-of-translation_40.html (accessed October 30, 2019 at 10.00
pm).
Ratna, N, K. (2011). Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Cet. Ke- III
edisi revisi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Robinson, D. (2003). Becoming A Translator An Introduction To The Theory And
practice of Translation. New York: Madison Avenue.
Simanjuntak. (2010). An Analysis Of Unit Shift In Harry Potter And The Order
Of Phoenix Movie Subtitles Into Bahasa Indonesia. University Sumatera
Utara, Medan
Sugiyono. ( 2009). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D.
Suhaila. (2010). “A Unit-Shift Analysis Of English Indonesian Translation Of
“The Tale Of The Three Brothers” by J.K. Rowling. UIN Syarif
Hidayatullah Jakarta.
Tim Penyusun, (2011). Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi. Jambi: Fakultas Adab-Sastra
dan Kebudayaan Islam.
Villarejo, A. (2007). Film Studies the Basic, London: Routledge.
Yatim, M. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan dan Sosial Kualitatif dan
Kuantitatif. Jakarta: Bogor Penerbit Ghalia Indonesia.
Https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Harry_potter_and_the_philosopher%27s_stone_
(film), accessed on September 09 2019 at 19.00 AM.
Https://m.imbd.com/title/tt0241527/awards, accesed on September 09 2019 at
20.00 AM
Https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/nes-wires-white-papers-and-
books/kloves-steve-1960-steven-kloves, accesed on September 14 2019 at
08.00 PM
Https://www.scripts.com/script/harry-poter-and-the-sorcerer stone, accesed on
September 14 2019 at 08.15 PM
Https://www.scripts.com/script/harry-poter-and-the-sorcerer stone, accesed on
September 14 2019 at 08.19 PM
Https://www.subscene.com/pein-akatsuki/harry-poter-and-the-sorcerer-stone, accesed on September 22.00 AM
APPENDIX 1
PICTURES DIALOGUE DURATION
1. INTRA SYSTEM
SHIFT
Picture 1
Picture 2
Picture 3
Picture 4
SL : “Sorry about
him.He does
not understand
what it‟s like,
lying day after
day, having
people press
their ugly faces
in on you”
TL: “Maafkan dia, ia
tidak mengerti
rasanya tinggal disini
hari demi hari,
melihat orang
menempelkan wajah
mereka yang jelek
untuk melihatmu”
SL: “No blasted
letters today”
TL: “tak akan ada
surat hari ini”
SL : “it takes a great
deal of bravery to
stand up to your
enemies”
TL :“Membutuhkan
keberanian besar
untuk melawan
musuhmu”
SL : “This mirror
gives us neither
knowledge or truth”
TL : “Cermin ini
tidak memberi kita pengetahuan”
Duration 00:06:19
Duration 00:10:57
Duration 02:14:4
Duration 01:36:03
Duration 01:34:34
Picture 5
Picture 6
Picture 7
Picture 8
Picture 9
Picture 10
SL : “do you think this
mirror shows the
future?”
TL : “Menurutmu
apakah cermin ini
memperlihatkan masa
depan”
SL : “your train leaves
in 10 minutes”
TL : “Keretamu
berangkat 10 menit
lagi”
SL : “It's a Nimbus
broomstick”
TL : “ itu sebuah
nimbus 2001”
SL : “an owl, a cat or
a toad”
TL : “Seekor burung
hantu, seekor kucing
atau seekor katak”
SL : “your Chocolate
Frogs”
TL : “cokelat katak
mu”
SL : “It's the cards
you want”
TL: “Ini tiketmu”
Duration 02:21:05
Duration 01:15:52
Duration 00:18:40
Duration. 02:15:00
Duration 00:31:26
Duration 00:37:3
Picture 11
Picture 12
SL : “You two better
change into your
robes”
TL : ”Sebaiknya
kalian berdua bersiap
pakai jubbah”
SL : “The players
take their positions as
Madam Hooch steps
out onto the field to
begin the game”
TL : ”Para pemain
mengambil posisi
mereka sementara
madam Hooch
memasuki lapangan
untuk memulai
permainan”
Duration 01:17:10
Duration : 01:32:19
2. LEVEL SHIFT
Picture 13
Picture 14
SL: “ I have read
about these”
TL: “ aku sudah
membaca tentang itu”
SL: “ I think he has
leave the Dungeon”
TL: “kupikir troll itu
sudah meninggalkan
dungeon”
Duration 00:20:54
Duration 01:02:47
Picture 15
Picture 16
Picture 17
Picture 18
Picture 19
SL: I think we have
give a bad influencer
on her”
TL: “kupikir kita
telah memberikan
pengaruh buruk
padanya”
SL : “You have safe
now”
TL : “Kau sudah
aman sekarang”
SL : “We had it
wrong”
TL : “Kita sudah
salah duga”
SL : “You see what I
have become”
TL: “Kau lihat aku
sudah jadi apa”
SL : “You have
prepared”
TL : “Sepertinya kau
sudah bersiap”
Duration 01:26:44
Duration 01.48.56
Duration 01:49:15
Duration 02:30:23
Duration 01:58:35
Picture 20
Picture 21
Picture 22
3. THE CAUSAL OF
INTRA SYSTEM AND
LEVEL SHIFT
A. The use of the noun as a
generic
Picture 23
SL : “I see your friend
Ronald has saved you
the trouble of opening
your Chocolate Frogs”
TL : “Nampaknya
temanmu, Ron telah
membantumu
membuka cokelat
katak mu”
SL: “No, boy. I have
tried to kill you ”
TL: “bukan, bocah.
Akulah yang mencoba
membunuhmu”
SL: “What are you
looking at?”
TL: “Apa yang
sedang kau lihat”
SL : “blown up? You
told me my parents
died in a car crash”
TL : “ledakan? Kau
bilang dulu orangtua
ku meninggal dalam
kecelakaan mobil”
Duration 02:14:54
Duration 02:30:05
Duration 00:31:12
Duration 00:16:49
Picture 24
Picture 25
B. The using of quantifier to
show that the noun was
plural
Picture 26
( Picture 27 )
(Picture 28)
SL: “The staircases
change”
TL: “Tangganya
suka berubah”
SL : “A pity they
have let the old
punishments die”
TL : “Sayangnya
mereka telah
menghapuskan
hukuman zaman
dulu”
SL : “There's more
than were wolves in
those trees”
TL : “Bukan hanya
manusia serigala
yang hidup disana”
SL : I remember every
wand I've ever sold98
TL : Aku ingat setiap
tongkat sihir yang
pernah kujual, Mr.
Potter
SL : Voldemort
started to gather some
followers99
TL : “Voldemort
mulai mengumpulkan
pengikutnya”
Duration 01:04:32
Duration 01:42:44
Duration 01:43:58
Duration :00:27:18
Duration :00:39:46
98Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 00:27:33
99 Chris Colombus, Harry Potter and Sorcerer`s Stone. Duration 00:39:46
C. The differences of
pluralities concept of
certain word
(Picture 29)
D. The differences in the
concept of words and
tenses
(Picture 30)
(Picture 31)
(Picture 32)
SL : “A pair of
handsock”
TL : “Sepasang
sarung tangan kulit
naga”
SL : “No, you have
made a mistake”
TL : “Tidak, kau telah
membuat kesalahan”
SL : “ He killed my
parents, didn't he”
TL : “ia yang
membunuh
orangtuaku, bukan”
SL : “I see your friend
Ronald has saved you
the trouble of opening
your Chocolate
Frogs”
TL : “Nampaknya
temanmu, Ron telah
membantumu
membuka cokelat
katakmu”
Duration 00:18:20
Duration 00:15:15
Duration 00:28:55
Duration 02:14:54
APPENDIX II
Synopsis of Harry Potter and Sorcerer‟s Stone Film
Lord Voldemort, an evil and powerful dark wizard, has just been defeated.
When he tried to kill a one-year-old boy, Harry Potter (Daniel Radcliffe), the
killing curse rebounded upon him, destroying his body. Harry is left an orphan
with a lightning-bolt scar on his forehead, Voldemort having killed his parents,
Lily (Geraldine Somerville) and James (Adrian Rawlins) Potter. Professors
Dumbledore (Richard Harris) and McGonagall (Dame Maggie Smith) and
Gamekeeper Hagrid (Robbie Coltrane) leave him on the doorstep of his ultra-
conventional, insensitive, negligent Muggle (non-magical) relatives, the Dursley
family, who take him in. Harry's relatives decide to conceal his magical heritage
from him and make him live in a cupboard under the stairs for ten years. Shortly
before Harry's eleventh birthday, he receives a letter addressed specifically to him.
His outraged uncle, however, reads and burns it before Harry has a chance to look
at the contents. The sender does not give up, and the Dursleys receive
successively larger numbers of the same correspondence. Soon, his Uncle Vernon
(Richard Griffiths) becomes so paranoid that the Dursleys, with Harry in tow, hide
in a hut on a small island to escape. That night (which happens to be before
Harry's birthday), he is visited by an enormous man named Hagrid who bursts
through the locked door of the hut. With Hagrid holding the Dursleys at bay,
Harry finally reads his letter, in which he learns he has been invited to study
magic at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The next day Harry and
Hagrid head to Diagon Alley in London (the secret magical location hidden
behind the famous wizarding pub The Leaky Cauldron). Harry enters the
wizarding world for the first time, learns to his surprise that he is famous, and
meets the new Hogwarts Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher, Professor
Quirrell (Ian Hart). Hagrid takes Harry to Gringott's Bank, where Harry learns that
he is quite wealthy. Following this, Hagrid stops at a different vault to retrieve a
small, wrapped parcel for Dumbledore. Using his newfound money, Harry buys
everything he requires for his first school year, including and owl, and a wand.
Interestingly, the wand that chooses him is the brother wand of the one that was
used to kill Harry's parents and give him the scar. He then takes the train to
Hogwarts from Platform Nine and three-quarters, befriending Ron Weasley
(Rupert Grint), and meeting Hermione Granger (Emma Watson), a Muggle-born
witch.
Upon arrival, the Sorting Hat places Harry, Ron and Hermione in
Gryffindor House. Draco Malfoy (Tom Felton), an arrogant and elitist student,
gets placed in Slytherin. At the end of their first week at Hogwarts, Harry and Ron
discover that Gringotts, the wizarding bank, was broken into and a vault that
Harry and Hagrid visited had been the subject of the robbery. Later, Harry
discovers he has a talent for riding broomsticks, and after an incident with
Malfoy, is recruited to join Gryffindor's Quidditch team as a Seeker, much to
Malfoy's displeasure. Harry, Ron, Hermione explore Hogwarts late at night and
accidentally stumble across the door to a corridor. A three-headed dog, christened
Fluffy by Hagrid, guards a trapdoor. On Halloween, Quirrell informs everyone
that a troll has entered the castle; Harry and Ron fight the troll to save Hermione,
who is trapped in the girls' bathroom, and the three become best friends.
At Harry's first Quidditch match, Harry's broom becomes possessed,
nearly knocking him off. Hermione sees Professor Severus Snape (Alan
Rickman), the sinister Potions master and head of Slytherin House, staring at
Harry and mouthing words, making her believe that Snape has caused the broom
to misbehave with a dark curse. Hoping to save Harry, Hermione sets Snape's
robes on fire, distracting him and others and allowing Harry to survive. At
Christmas, Harry receives an Invisibility Cloak, once belonging to his father,
which renders its wearer invisible. Harry uses it to explore the Restricted Section
in the library to research information on Nicolas Flamel, a name Hagrid lets slip
when confronted about his knowledge of Fluffy. Eventually, Harry learns that
"Nicolas Flamel is the only known maker of the Sorcerer's Stone, which produces
the Elixir of Life which will make the drinker immortal."
Harry sees Snape trying to get information from Quirrell about getting past
Fluffy; Quirrell says he does not know what he's talking about. Harry, Ron, and
Hermione are sure that Snape is trying to steal the Philosopher's Stone in order to
restore Lord Voldemort to power, but Hagrid denies it. While at Hagrid's hut, the
trio discover a dragon egg Hagrid was nursing in a fire. Later the egg hatches a
Norwegian Ridgeback dragon, and Hagrid decides to call him "Norbert". The
friends are nervous for Hagrid, since dragon breeding had long been outlawed in
the wizarding world, and Hagrid had something of a reckless nature, who has long
since nursed a strong desire for a dragon. Finally, Harry, Ron, and Hermione are
able to convince Hagrid to let Norbert go live with other dragons of his kind in
Romania.
Harry, Hermione, Ron and Draco are caught out late at night, and are
forced to serve detention with Hagrid in the Forbidden Forest. Harry sees a
hooded figure drink the blood of an injured unicorn, which makes Harry's
forehead scar start burning. Firenze, a centaur, tells Harry that it is a monstrous
thing to slay a unicorn, let alone drink its blood. He also tells Harry that unicorn
blood will keep one alive, and that the hooded figure is in fact Voldemort. Harry,
Hermione and Ron find out that Hagrid has told a hooded stranger how to get past
Fluffy, and they believe the theft of the Stone is imminent. Rushing to finally
confide in Professor Dumbledore their news, they meet Professor McGonagall,
who is shocked to find out how much they knew about the Stone, but reassures
them all the same that it is safe in the castle. She also tells them that Dumbledore
has been sent away on an important mission by the Ministry of Magic. Positive
that Dumbledore's summons was a red herring to take Professor Dumbledore
away from Hogwarts, the trio make plans to thwart Snape's theft of the stone.
They set out to reach the stone first, navigating the security system set up by the
school's staff, which is a series of complex magical challenges. The three make it
through together until finally, Harry must enter the inner chamber alone. There he
finds that Professor Quirrell, not Snape, is attempting to steal the Stone. Realizing
that Snape was trying to protect him from harm all along, Harry confronts Quirrell
and survives a second encounter with Lord Voldemort, who has possessed
Quirrell and appears as a ghastly face on the back of Quirrell's head. Quirrell
crumbles when he touches Harry's skin, and Harry passes out because of his close
proximity to Lord Voldemort. Voldemort then pitilessly abandons Quirrell, who
dies in the aftermath of his possession. Harry wakes up in the hospital wing.
Dumbledore reveals to Harry that Harry's mother died to protect Harry as an
infant. Her pure, loving sacrifice provides Harry with an ancient magical
protection from Voldemort's lethal spells and also prevents Voldemort from
touching Harry without suffering terribly. Dumbledore also says that the
Sorcerer's Stone has been destroyed to prevent future attempts by Voldemort to
steal it. Finally, at the end-of-year feast, the House Points totals are given:
Gryffindor is in last place. However, Dumbledore gives a few "last-minute
additions", granting points to Harry, Ron, Hermione and Neville for their bravery
and service towards school. So that Gryffindor wins the House Cup100
.
100 Imdb, „”https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0241527/plotsummary” was taken on (accessed
March 12, 2020 at 12.00 AM)
APPENDIX III
CHARACTERS PHOTO
1. Harry Potter : Harry Potter is the
main character in The Philosopher‟s
Stone. The whole story revolves
around him and his adventures. He
is definitely the protagonist of the
story. Harry has a scar on his
forhead which he got from his first
encounter with his nemesis, Lord
Voldemort. As he matures, he shows
himself to be caring and shrewd, a
loyal friend, and an excellent
Quidditch player.
2. Hermione Granger
Initially an annoying goody-two-
shoes who studies too much and
obeys the school rules too much.
Hermione eventually becomes
friendly with Harry after she learns
to value friendship over
perfectionism and obedience. She
comes from a purely Muggle family,
and her character illustrates the
social-adjustment problems often
faced by new students at Hogwarts.
3. Ron Weasley
Ron is a shy, modest boy who comes
from a poor wizard family. Ron is
Also known as Lord Voldemort, the
Harry‟s first friend at Hogwarts, and
they become close. He is very loyal
and helps Harry throughout their
adventures. Ron‟s mediocrity despite
his wizard background reminds us
that success at Hogwarts is based
solely on talent and hard work, not
on family connections. Ron‟s
willingness to be beaten up by the
chess queen shows how selfless and
generous he is.
4. Professor Dumbledore
The kind, wise head of Hogwarts.
Though he is a famous wizard,
Dumbledore is as humble and
adorable as his name suggests.
While other school officials, such as
Professor McGonagall, are obsessed
with the rules, Dumbledore respects
them (as his warnings against
entering the Forbidden Forest
remind us) but does not exaggerate
their importance. He appears to have
an almost superhuman level of
wisdom, knowledge, and personal
understanding, and it seems that he
may have set up the whole quest for
the Philosopher‟s Stone so that Harry
could prove himself.
5. Voldemort
that can restore him to full power).
Unfortunately, Harry retrieves the
Stone for before Voldemort can get
it and, upon Professor Dumbledore's
Dark Lord, and He-Who-Must-Be-
Named, Voldemort rose to power in
the 1970s with a faithful following
of dark wizards called Death Eaters.
During his reign of terror through
the 1970s and 1980s, no one was
safe from Voldemort's cruelty except
for those at Hogwarts; Professor
Dumbledore was the only wizard
that Voldemort still feared.
Voldemort was unexpectedly torn
from power when he attempted to
perform the Killing Curse ("Avada
Kedavra") on the infant Harry
Potter. When Lily Potter sacrificed
herself to save her son, she created a
protective shield over Harry and, not
only was Voldemort unable to kill
the child, he nearly destroyed
himself in the process. For the next
eleven years, Voldemort existed
only as a wraith, waiting to regain
his strength. With Professor
Quirrell's help, Voldemort
successfully infiltrates Hogwarts in
his effort to find the Sorcerer's Stone
(which produces the Elixir of Life
A professor of Potions at Hogwarts.
Severus Snape dislikes Harry and
appears to be an evil man for most
of the story. His name associates
entrance, Voldemort escapes in spirit
form and leaves Quirrell to die. In
the book, Voldemort is characterized
by his ambition, resourcefulness,
manipulation of weaker minds, and
determination to regain his former
power. Significantly, however, he is
also identified for his lack of
knowledge about love, an emotion
which provided Harry with his
mother's protective shield.
6. Hagrid
An oafish giant who works as a
groundskeeper at Hogwarts. Rubeus
Hagrid is a well-meaning creature
with more kindness than brains. He
cares deeply for Harry, as evidenced
by the tears he sheds upon having to
leave the infant Harry with the
Dursleys. His fondness for animals
is endearing, even if it gets him into
trouble (as when he tries raising a
dragon at home). Hagrid symbolizes
the importance of generosity and
human warmth in a world filled by
conniving villains.
7. Professor Snape
husband. Described as a beefy man
with a large mustache, Vernon
Dursley happily spoils Dudley and is
exceedingly proud when his son is
accepted to Smeltings Academy, his
own alma mater. Vernon is
particularly distrustful of Harry and
him not only with unfair snap
judgments of others but also with his
violent intentions to snap the bones
of his enemies. Snape‟s grudge
against Harry, which is nevertheless
far from a murderous ill will, helps
us remember the difference between
forgivable vices and unforgivable
evil intentions.
8. Professor Quirrell
A stuttering and seemingly harmless
man, and a professor of Defense
against the Dark Arts at Hogwarts.
Quirrell appears as nervous and
squirrelly as his name suggests for
most of the story. It is he, for
example, who nearly faints when
announcing the news that a troll is
loose in the school. It turns out later,
however, that Quirrell has faked his
withdrawing meekness and is
actually a cold-blooded conniver
9. Vernon Dursley
Harry's Muggle uncle and Petunia's
A centaur described as having
blonde hair and blue eyes. Harry
first meets Firenze in the Forbidden
Forest when the centaur rescues
Harry from a mysterious cloaked
figure, later identified as Voldemort.
Firenze often clashes with his fellow
shares Petunia's fear that the
neighbors will find out about him.
Vernon is particularly proactive in
trying to stamp out the "dangerous
nonsense" of the magical world,
even to the point of moving the
entire family to a tiny island in the
middle of the ocean to avoid
receiving mail from Hogwarts.
10. Petunia Dursley
Dursley‟s wife.Petunia is an overly
protective mother to her spoiled son,
Dudley, and a prison- keeper to
Harry. She is snobbish and
excessively concerned with what the
neighbors think of her family. She is
somewhat humanized for us when
we discover that she was always
jealous of the magical gifts of her
sister, Lily, Harry‟s witch mother.
Perhaps her hatred toward Harry
springs from an earlier resentment of
her sister.
11. Firenze
centaurs because of his more liberal
view of the relationship between
humans and centaurs.
12. Argus Filch
Argus Filch is the caretaker at
Hogwarts. He has a pet cat called
Mrs. Norris who is usually on the
prowl, keeping an eye out for him.
He is bitter, cruel and seems to hate
the students. He seems to work well
with oppressors, seeing their use of
rules as only natural and correct; he
would be a perfect tool for a
totalitarian regime. Every year he
asks Dumbledore to read out what is
banned. An example of things that
are banned are Fanged Frisbees and,
later, Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes
products.
Merli Santri
AI.162606
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP
A. Informasi Diri
Nama : Merli Santri
Jenis Kelamin : Perempuan
Tempat & Tgl. Lahir : 09 Maret 1999
NIM : AI.162606
Alamat : Sekayu
No. Telp/HP : 081240893507
Email : [email protected]
Nama Ayah : Imron
Nama Ibu : Eli Suryani
B. Riwayat Pendidikan
a. SD Negeri 5 Lumpatan : Tahun 2004-2010
b. SMP Negeri 4 Sekayu : Tahun 2010-2013
c. MAN Model Sekayu : Tahun 2013-2016
C. Pengalaman Organisasi
1. Bara Api : Tahun 2017-Now
Moto Hidup: “Winner is a dreamer who never gives up”
Jambi, 03 June 2020
Penulis,