State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 1
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
Nuclear RadiationThe Role Of Response
Agencies
Presented by:
Christopher M. Gallagher, New York City Police Department (retired)
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 2
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
Purpose
A discussion to motivate a process, to identify the level of awareness, and the options needed for a methodical
preparation and a response.
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 3
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
Population And Land Area -
Area Pop: 8.5 Million
Total Square Miles Land: 301
Miles of Waterfront: 478
Total Area In Acres: 205,952
More Than 200 Skyscrapers
943 Land-marked Buildings
175 Museums
New York City DemographicsNew York City Demographics
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 4
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
New York City Demographics
Transportation Systems –
7.5 million daily riders•NYC Transit – Subways •NYC Transit – Buses •Private bus providers•Staten Island Ferry•MTA Staten Island Railway•MTA Long Island Railroad•MTA Metro North Railroad•NJ Transit - Rail & Bus•PATH Subway
Points Of Entry•4- Vehicle Tunnels•2 Major Airports•New York Harbor(Piers)•11 Bridges
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 5
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
Challenges for Response
Challenges faced by response agencies, to ensure a safe City.
Public Transportation Navigable Waterways Airports Roadways Special Events
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 6
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
Metropolitan Transit Authority
• MTA has millions of subway passengers daily
• 4th Busiest railroad worldwide
• Largest fleet of commuter trains
• 468 Subway Stations
• 660 Miles of Track
• Elevated & Tunnels
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 7
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
Waterways
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 8
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
Vehicle Access
•Seven Intrastate Bridges and Four Tunnels•10 Interstate Highways•Over 800,000 vehicles daily
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 9
Special EventsParades
NYC Marathon
UN General Assembly
Fleet Week
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 10
Radiological and Nuclear Threat Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) (Dirty Bomb)
• Radioactive source + means of dispersal• Weapon of Mass Disruption• Potentially large “area of denial”• Decontamination: labor- intensive,
expensive, unique policy challenges • Means of acquiring a radioactive source - Theft from Hospital - Black Market
Improvised Nuclear Device (IND)
• Uranium or plutonium-based weapon• Weapon of Mass Destruction – Technically complex weapon – Low likelihood, but high
consequence threat• Small IND could cause: – Thousands of casualties – Significant infrastructural damage – Radiation and fallout• Means of obtaining a nuclear weapon – Theft of weapon or fissile materials – Insider threat – Sympathetic government
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 11
Radiological and Nuclear Threat
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 12
Planning, Policies and Guidance
• Conducting Risk Assessments• The planning phase facilitated by
OEM along with other agencies using core competencies• Review the plan• Exercise the plan
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 13
Plans
Citywide Interagency Management System (CIMS)
Radiological Response and Recovery Plan
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 14
Response Plan
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 15
Response Plan
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 16
Response Plans
Set up of exclusion zones for evacuationPlume modeling
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
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Response Plans
Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 18
Emergency Management
Working as inter-agency coordinators in partnership with local, state,
federal, and private sector, to provide
comprehensive emergency response, hazard planning,
and disaster mitigation
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 19
Fire /EMS
• Responsible for Life Safety Operations • Mass decontamination• Medically clearing patients prior to
removal to the hospital
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 20
Law Enforcement
• Responsible for overall site management• Conducting assessment and
investigations for criminal activity or terrorism• Recovery of evidence
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 21
Department of Health
• Responsible for a final assessment of the hazard• Provide Technical information to
Command element• Adjust or set "hot," "warm" and "cold"
zones, and direct all mitigation efforts• Provides Isotope information to Hospitals
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 22
Exercises
After the development of plans, exercises are conducted to ensure plans work. These are the exercises that were conducted for RDD.• Operation Winter Sun • POD Ex• Trifecta• Securing the Cities
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 23
Trifecta Exercise
• Mass Transit Train scenario using a radiological dispersion device.
• Mass casualty incident with radiological contamination
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 24
Securing The Cities Exercise
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
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Securing The Cities Exercise
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 26
Equipment
Some of the many different types of
monitoring equipment and testing used in the prevention of an attack or in the
response to a Dirty Bomb/ Radiological Dispersion Device (RDD)
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 27
Handheld Devices
• The RadEye pocket-size PRD used by many display modes can be tailored to an individual agency’s needs
The Thermo IdentiFINDER is a Radioisotope Identifier (RIID) that is used by agencies as part of the Rad/Nuc Detection (RND) mission.
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 28
Pack Eye Radiation Detection Back Pack
• Locates and detects radioactive sources in large areas very rapidly, but unobtrusively.
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 29
Vehicles
• Technology meeting the needs of the 21st century
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 30
Aviation Assets• Equipped with thermal-imaging camera that can be
used to help with port security, and is also equipped with aerial radiological surveillance equipment that can detect, analyze and track radiation at various altitudes.
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 31
Marine UnitsThe TRACS (Tactical Radiation Acquisition Characterization Systems) craft are the only boats of their kind, with permanent radiation equipment outfitted by the Department of Energy
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 32
Radiological Incident• At a Manhattan post office a contractor was
performing imaging radiography, the device somewhat like an X-ray machine, the contractor was using to find out what was behind walls and ceilings as part of a renovation in the building.
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 33
Radiological Incident
• A hole in the machine -- which works much like a shutter of a standard camera -- is supposed to open briefly to create each image, emitting a burst of radiation from a source of cobalt-60.
State of Kuwait3rd Intl Fire & Safety Conference & Expo
4-6 March 2014
www.kfsd.gov.kw - Chris Gallanger 34
Review
• Situational awareness• Agency Responsibilities• Development of response plans• Delivery of incident exercises (exercising the
plans)• Updating the plans as needed• Proper equipment for personnel responding