Download - State management in ASP.NET
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State State ManagementManagement
in ASP.NETin ASP.NET
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AgendaAgenda
View stateView state
Application cacheApplication cache
Session stateSession state
ProfilesProfiles
CookiesCookies
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1. View State1. View State
Mechanism for persisting relatively Mechanism for persisting relatively small pieces of data across postbackssmall pieces of data across postbacks
Used by pages and controls to persist Used by pages and controls to persist statestate
Also available to you for persisting stateAlso available to you for persisting state
Relies on hidden input field Relies on hidden input field (__VIEWSTATE)(__VIEWSTATE)
Accessed through ViewState propertyAccessed through ViewState property
Tamper-proof; optionally encryptableTamper-proof; optionally encryptable
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Reading and Writing View Reading and Writing View StateState// Write the price of an item to view stateViewState["Price"] = price;
// Read the price back following a postbackdecimal price = (decimal) ViewState["Price"];
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View State and Data TypesView State and Data Types
What data types can you store in What data types can you store in view state?view state?
Primitive types (strings, integers, etc.)Primitive types (strings, integers, etc.)
Types accompanied by type convertersTypes accompanied by type converters
Serializable types (types compatible with Serializable types (types compatible with BinaryFormatter)BinaryFormatter)
System.Web.UI.LosFormatter System.Web.UI.LosFormatter performs serialization and performs serialization and deserializationdeserialization
Optimized for compact storage of Optimized for compact storage of strings, integers, booleans, arrays, and strings, integers, booleans, arrays, and hash tableshash tables
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2. Application Cache2. Application Cache
Intelligent in-memory data storeIntelligent in-memory data storeItem prioritization and automatic evictionItem prioritization and automatic eviction
Time-based expiration and cache Time-based expiration and cache dependenciesdependencies
Cache removal callbacksCache removal callbacks
Application scope (available to all Application scope (available to all users)users)
Accessed through Cache propertyAccessed through Cache propertyPage.Cache - ASPXPage.Cache - ASPX
HttpContext.Cache - Global.asaxHttpContext.Cache - Global.asax
Great tool for enhancing performanceGreat tool for enhancing performance
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Using the Application Using the Application CacheCache// Write a Hashtable containing stock prices to the cache// Write a Hashtable containing stock prices to the cacheHashtable stocks = new Hashtable ();stocks.Add ("AMZN", 10.00m);stocks.Add ("INTC", 20.00m);stocks.Add ("MSFT", 30.00m);Cache.Insert ("Stocks", stocks); . . .// Fetch the price of Microsoft stockHashtable stocks = (Hashtable) Cache["Stocks"];if (stocks != null) // Important! decimal msft = (decimal) stocks["MSFT"]; . . .// Remove the Hashtable from the cacheCache.Remove ("Stocks");
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Temporal ExpirationTemporal Expiration
Cache.Insert ("Stocks", stocks, null, DateTime.Now.AddMinutes (5), Cache.NoSlidingExpiration);
Cache.Insert ("Stocks", stocks, null, Cache.NoAbsoluteExpiration, TimeSpan.FromMinutes (5));
Expire after 5 minutes
Expire if 5 minutes elapse without the item being retrieved from the cache
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Cache DependenciesCache Dependencies
Cache.Insert ("Stocks", stocks, new CacheDependency (Server.MapPath ("Stocks.xml")));
Cache.Insert ("Stocks", stocks, new SqlCacheDependency ("Stocks", "Prices"));
Expire if and when Stocks.xml changes
Expire if and when the "Stocks" database's "Prices" table changes
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3. Session State3. Session State
Read/write per-user data storeRead/write per-user data store
Accessed through Session propertyAccessed through Session propertyPage.Session - ASPXPage.Session - ASPX
HttpApplication.Session - Global.asaxHttpApplication.Session - Global.asax
Provider-based for flexible data Provider-based for flexible data storagestorage
In-process (default)In-process (default)
State server processState server process
SQL ServerSQL Server
Cookied or cookielessCookied or cookieless
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Using Session StateUsing Session State
// Write a ShoppingCart object to session stateShoppingCart cart = new ShoppingCart ();Session["Cart"] = cart; . . .// Read this user's ShoppingCart from session stateShoppingCart cart = (ShoppingCart) Session["Cart"]; . . .// Remove this user's ShoppingCart from session stateSession.Remove ("Cart");
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In-Process Session StateIn-Process Session State
<!-- Web.config --><configuration> <system.web> <sessionState mode="InProc" /> ... </system.web></configuration>
Web Server
ASP.NET ASP.NET Session StateSession StateSession state stored insideASP.NET's worker process
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State Server Session StateState Server Session State
<!-- Web.config --><configuration> <system.web> <sessionState mode="StateServer" stateConnectionString="tcpip=24.159.185.213:42424" /> ... </system.web></configuration>
Web Server
ASP.NETASP.NET
State Server
ASP.NET state service (aspnet_-state.exe)
aspnet_stateProcess
aspnet_stateProcess
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SQL Server Session StateSQL Server Session State
<!-- Web.config --><configuration> <system.web> <sessionState mode="SQLServer" sqlConnectionString="server=orion;integrated security=true" /> ... </system.web></configuration>
Web Server
ASP.NETASP.NET
Database Server
ASPStateDatabase
ASPStateDatabase
Created withInstallSqlState.sql orInstallPersistSql-State.sql
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Session EventsSession Events
Session_Start event signals new Session_Start event signals new sessionsession
Session_End event signals end of Session_End event signals end of sessionsession
Process with handlers in Global.asaxProcess with handlers in Global.asaxvoid Session_Start (){ // Create a shopping cart and store it in session state // each time a new session is started Session["Cart"] = new ShoppingCart ();}
void Session_End (){ // Do any cleanup here when session ends}
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Session Time-OutsSession Time-Outs
Sessions end when predetermined Sessions end when predetermined time period elapses without any time period elapses without any requests from session's ownerrequests from session's owner
Default time-out = 20 minutesDefault time-out = 20 minutes
Time-out can be changed in Time-out can be changed in Web.configWeb.config
<!-- Web.config --><configuration> <system.web> <sessionState timeout="60" /> ... </system.web></configuration>
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4. Profile Service4. Profile Service
Stores per-user data Stores per-user data persistentlypersistentlyStrongly typed access (unlike session Strongly typed access (unlike session state)state)
On-demand lookup (unlike session state)On-demand lookup (unlike session state)
Long-lived (unlike session state)Long-lived (unlike session state)
Supports authenticated and anonymous Supports authenticated and anonymous usersusers
Accessed through dynamically Accessed through dynamically compiled HttpProfileBase derivatives compiled HttpProfileBase derivatives (HttpProfile)(HttpProfile)
Provider-based for flexible data Provider-based for flexible data storagestorage
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Profile SchemaProfile SchemaProfiles
Profile Data Stores
SQL Server OtherData Stores
HttpProfileBaseHttpProfileBase
HttpProfile (AutogeneratedHttpProfileBase-Derivative)HttpProfile (AutogeneratedHttpProfileBase-Derivative)
AccessProfileProviderAccessProfileProvider Other ProvidersOther Providers
Profile Providers
SqlProfileProviderSqlProfileProvider
Access
HttpProfile (AutogeneratedHttpProfileBase-Derivative)HttpProfile (AutogeneratedHttpProfileBase-Derivative)
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Defining a ProfileDefining a Profile<configuration> <system.web> <profile> <properties> <add name="ScreenName" /> <add name="Posts" type="System.Int32" defaultValue="0" /> <add name="LastPost" type="System.DateTime" /> </properties> </profile> </system.web></configuration>
// Increment the current user's post countProfile.Posts = Profile.Posts + 1;
// Update the current user's last post dateProfile.LastPost = DateTime.Now;
UsageUsage
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How Profiles WorkHow Profiles Work
public partial class page_aspx : System.Web.UI.Page{ ... protected ASP.HttpProfile Profile { get { return ((ASP.HttpProfile)(this.Context.Profile)); } } ...}
Autogenerated classrepresenting the page
Autogenerated class derivedfrom HttpProfileBase
Profile property included inautogenerated page class
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Defining a Profile GroupDefining a Profile Group<configuration> <system.web> <profile> <properties> <add name="ScreenName" /> <group name="Forums"> <add name="Posts" type="System.Int32" defaultValue="0" /> <add name="LastPost" type="System.DateTime" /> </group> </properties> </profile> </system.web></configuration>
// Increment the current user's post countProfile.Forums.Posts = Profile.Forums.Posts + 1;
// Update the current user's last post dateProfile.Forums.LastPost = DateTime.Now;
UsageUsage
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Anonymous User ProfilesAnonymous User Profiles
By default, profiles aren't available By default, profiles aren't available for for anonymousanonymous (unauthenticated) (unauthenticated) usersusers
Data keyed by authenticated user IDsData keyed by authenticated user IDs
Anonymous profiles can be enabledAnonymous profiles can be enabledStep 1Step 1: Enable anonymous identification: Enable anonymous identification
Step 2Step 2: Specify which profile properties : Specify which profile properties are available to anonymous usersare available to anonymous users
Data keyed by user anonymous IDsData keyed by user anonymous IDs
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Profiles for Anonymous Profiles for Anonymous UsersUsers<configuration> <system.web> <anonymousIdentification enabled="true" /> <profile> <properties> <add name="ScreenName" allowAnonymous="true" /> <add name="Posts" type="System.Int32" defaultValue="0 /> <add name="LastPost" type="System.DateTime" /> </properties> </profile> </system.web></configuration>
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5. Cookies5. Cookies
Mechanism for persisting textual dataMechanism for persisting textual dataDescribed in RFC 2109Described in RFC 2109
For relatively small pieces of dataFor relatively small pieces of data
HttpCookie class encapsulates HttpCookie class encapsulates cookiescookies
HttpRequest.Cookies collection HttpRequest.Cookies collection enables cookies to be read from enables cookies to be read from requestsrequests
HttpResponse.Cookies collection HttpResponse.Cookies collection enables cookies to be written to enables cookies to be written to responsesresponses
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HttpCookie PropertiesHttpCookie Properties
Name Description
Name Cookie name (e.g., "UserName=Jeffpro")
Value Cookie value (e.g., "UserName=Jeffpro")
Values Collection of cookie values (multivalue cookies only)
HasKeys True if cookie contains multiple values
Domain Domain to transmit cookie to
Expires Cookie's expiration date and time
Secure True if cookie should only be transmitted over HTTPS
Path Path to transmit cookie to
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Creating a CookieCreating a Cookie
HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie ("UserName", "Jeffpro");Response.Cookies.Add (cookie);
Cookie name
Cookie value
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Reading a CookieReading a Cookie
HttpCookie cookie = Request.Cookies["UserName"];if (cookie != null) { string username = cookie.Value; // "Jeffpro" ...}
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Thank YouThank You