Download - Spring 2013 review
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Semester Review
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What are the defining characteristics of the Early Statehood Era?
• Texas becomes a state
• Border disputes with Mexico
• Increased population
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What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
• War with Mexico ended in 1848
• U.S. acquires the Mexican Cession
• Border is settled
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3. What are the defining characteristics of the Civil War Era?
• Southern states secede
• 4 year war between the U.S. and Confederacy
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4. List the main causes of the Civil War
• States’ rights
• Slavery
• Tariffs
• Election of Lincoln
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5. What prompted the removal of Sam Houston as governor?
• He refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy
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6. What was the purpose of the Union blockade?
• To stop trade in and out of Texas
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7. List the Civil War battles in Texas.
• Galveston
• Sabine Pass
• Palmito Ranch
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8. What did the 14th Amendementguarantee?
• Citizenship and equal rights of African Americans
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9. List the effects of Texas Reconstruction.
• Texas adopts the Constitution of 1866
• Freedman’s Bureau is created
• Southern states create Black Codes
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10. Define sharecropper.
• A tenant farmer who could not afford to own land and received a share of the crop value minus rent and other expenses.
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11. What are the defining characteristics of the Cotton, Cattle, and Railroad Era?
• Period of growth and prosperity
• Cotton industry rebounds
• Demand for beef in east leads to cattle drives
• Railroad end cattle drives but lead to settlement in western Texas.
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12. Define Buffalo Soldiers. What was their purpose?
• African American soldiers on the Texas frontier.
• Purpose was to protect settlers from Native Americans.
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13. Why was there a need for cattle drives? What was the final destination?
• Get cattle to eastern cities.
• Final destinations: Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming
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14. Why did cattle trails expand after the Civil War?
• As settler and railroads moved west, new trails also expanded west.
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15. What impact did windmills have on settlements and the open range method of
ranching?
• They accessed underground water.
• Led to settlements and farming in West Texas.
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16. What brought and end to cattle drives?
• Barbed wire
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17. What are the defining characteristics of the Age of Oil?
• New industry in Texas
• Increased population
• Growth of urban areas
• Factories in cities
• Progressive Era and labor unions
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18. Define fossil fuels and give examples.
• Non-renewable source of energy.
• Examples: oil and coal
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19. Identify Spindletop. Explain its importance and the year it was drilled.
• First major oil discovery in Texas in 1901.
• Began growth of oil industry in Texas.
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20. Define labor unions. Explain why they were organized.
• Urban worker formed unions to gain better wages and working conditions during the Progressive Era.
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21. What effect did the oil industry have on West Texas towns such as Midland?
• Towns grew as the demand for oil increased.
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22. Which industry had the greateseconomic effec on East Texas in the early
1900s?• Oil
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23. What did the 1900 hurricane in Galveston cause the city to build to protect itself from
future storms?
• A seawall
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24. What was the Progressive Movement?
• A social movement that wanted to help urban workers and make government more efficient.
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25. List the major reforms of the Progressive Movement.
• Prohibition of alcohol
• Laws governing elections
• Women’s suffrage
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26. What are the defining characteristics of the Great Depression and WWII?
• American fought in two world wars.
• U.S. experience the Great Depression and Dust Bowl
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27. What was a social effect of WWI and WWII on the lives of women?
• Women entered the workforce.
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28. What was a social effect of the Dust Bowl?
• Many people left Texas and moved to California.
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29. Who was Sam Rayburn and why was he important to Texas?
• U.S. Speaker of the House
• Had ability to get legislation approved by Congress during the Great Depression and WWII.
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30. What was the main purpose of New Deal programs during the Great
Depression?• Provide jobs to unemployed Texans.
• Jobs include building roads, bridges, and improving state and national parks.
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31. What were economic effects of WWII on Texans?
• Food and other items were rationed.
• Women joined the workforce
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32. What was a social effect of WWII?
• Minorities began to work for equality/civil rights.
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33. What are the defining characteristics of Civil Rights & Conservatism?
• Realization of social and economic discrimination experienced by minorities led to demand for equal rights.
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34. Identify Hector P. Garcia
• Founded the GI Forum and WWII to help Mexican Americans receive benefits under the GI Bill.
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35. Identify James L. Farmer.
• Founded CORE to end racial discrimination through the U.S.
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36. Explain Brown vs. Board of Education.
• Segregated school ruled unconstitutional.
• Led to desegregation of schools.
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37. Identify Barbara Jordan.
• First African American woman in Texas Senate since 1883.
• First African American woman from the south in U.S. Congress.
• Member of Watergate hearings.
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38. Identify Henry B. Gonzalez.
• First Mexican American from Texas elected to U.S. Congress.
• Worked to pass civil rights legislation.
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39. What have U.S. citizens used to promote the 1st amendment idea of civil rights?
• Public demonstrations
• Press
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40. What was the Civil Rights Act and who was U.S. President when it was passed?
• It provided civil rights for all (Equal opportunity).
• President Lyndon B. Johnson.
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41. What was the original goal of LULAC?
• Created to support the civil rights of Spanish-speaking people in the U.S.
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42. What are the defining characteristics and events of Contemporary Texas?
• More growth due to oil.
• Technology (space program, medicine)
• Cultural diversity
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43. What effect did the oil boom have on the state of Texas in the 1970s?
• People from the U.S. and other nations moved to Texas, leading to increased population and cultural diversity.
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44. Identify the following individuals.
• Michael Debakey & Denton Cooley-heart surgeons, developed techniques used in surgery today.
• Walter Cunningham-Apollo astronaut
• Michael Dell-Started the Dell computer company.
• Benjy Brooks-First pediatric surgeon in Texas
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45. What is the significance of Houston to various industries in Texas?
• Medical Centers
• NASA
• Petroleum
• Agricultural Chemicals
• Research
• Largest seaport in Texas
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46. List example of festivals and celebration in Texas that reflect cultural diversity.
• St. Patrick’s Day parade
• Cinco de Mayo festivals
• Octoberfest
• Kwanzaa
• Livestock shows and rodeos
• Celtic heritage and festivals
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47. What industries have led to greater economic interdependence between Texas and the World
economy?
• Oil and technology
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48. What industries have experienced boom and bust cycles in Texas in recent years?
• Oil
• Real estate
• Computer technology
• Banking
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49. Identify and explain the five freedoms stated in the 1st Amendment.
• Speech
• Press
• Assembly
• Religion
• Petition
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50. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave women the right to vote?
• 19th Amendment
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51. What is the relationship between the U.S. and Texas Constitutions?
• The Texas Constitution was patterned after the U.S. Constitution.
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52. Identify key features of the Texas Constitution.
• Bill of Rights
• Separation of Powers
• Checks and Balances
• Limited government
• Election of judges and officials
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53. Why did the writers of the Texas Constitution believe in the separation of
powers?
• To limit the power of the government by dividing it into 3 branches.
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54. Which principle of government allows citizens to vote for government officials?
• Repubilcanism
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55. Define the following terms:
• Bicameral-A legislature with 2 houses (Senate & House of Representatives)
• Amendment-An addition to a document, such as the Constitution
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56. How many people serve in the Texas State Legislature?
• Senate-31
• House of Representatives-150
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57. Who leads the Texas Senate?
• Lt. Governor
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58. Who is the leader of the municipal (city) government?
• Mayor
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59. What are the voting requirements in Texas?
• Must be at least 18 years old.
• Resident of Texas
• Must register to vote
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60. What are civic responsibilities of Texas citizens?
• Vote
• Pay taxes
• Serve on a jury
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61. Contrast the human & physical characteristics of the Coastal Plains and Great
Plains regions of Texas.
• Coastal Plains-Human (Higher population, more and larger cities), Physical (more rainfall)
• Great Plains-Human (More wind farms), Physical (dry)