Spatially Complete Global Surface Albedos Spatially Complete Global Surface Albedos Derived from Terra/MODIS DataDerived from Terra/MODIS Data
Michael D. KingMichael D. King11, Eric G. Moody, Eric G. Moody1,21,2, , Steven PlatnickSteven Platnick11, and Crystal Schaaf, and Crystal Schaaf33
11NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterNASA Goddard Space Flight Center22L3-Communications GSIL3-Communications GSI
33Boston UniversityBoston University
Operational MODIS surface albedo data product (MOD43B3/MCD43B3)Operational MODIS surface albedo data product (MOD43B3/MCD43B3)– 0.47, 0.56, 0.67, 0.86, 1.24, 1.64, 2.1 µm , 0.3-5.0, 0.7-5.0, 0.3-0.7 µm0.47, 0.56, 0.67, 0.86, 1.24, 1.64, 2.1 µm , 0.3-5.0, 0.7-5.0, 0.3-0.7 µm– 1 km spatial resolution (sinusoidal projection stored as 10° x 10° tiles)1 km spatial resolution (sinusoidal projection stored as 10° x 10° tiles)– 16-day periodicity (001, 017, …, 353)16-day periodicity (001, 017, …, 353)
LimitationsLimitations– Spatial and temporal gaps due to cloud cover and seasonal snowSpatial and temporal gaps due to cloud cover and seasonal snow
MotivationMotivation– Ancillary input for ground-based (AERONET), airborne, and satellite remote Ancillary input for ground-based (AERONET), airborne, and satellite remote
sensingsensing– Land surface and climate modelingLand surface and climate modeling– Global change research projectsGlobal change research projects
Conditioned MOD43B3 Albedo MapsConditioned MOD43B3 Albedo Maps = 0.858 µm = 0.858 µm
IGBP Ecosystem Classification (MOD12Q1)IGBP Ecosystem Classification (MOD12Q1)
0 Water0 Water
5 Mixed Forests5 Mixed Forests
6 Closed Shrublands6 Closed Shrublands
11 Permanent Wetlands11 Permanent Wetlands
12 Croplands12 Croplands
1 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest1 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest
2 Evergreen Broadleaf Forest2 Evergreen Broadleaf Forest
3 Deciduous Needleleaf Forest3 Deciduous Needleleaf Forest
4 Deciduous Broadleaf Forest4 Deciduous Broadleaf Forest
7 Open Shrublands7 Open Shrublands
8 Woody Savannas8 Woody Savannas
9 Savannas9 Savannas
10 Grasslands10 Grasslands
13 Urban and Built-Up13 Urban and Built-Up
14 Cropland/Natural Veg. Mosaic14 Cropland/Natural Veg. Mosaic
15 Snow and Ice15 Snow and Ice
16 Barren or Sparsely Vegetated16 Barren or Sparsely Vegetated
GrasslandsGrasslands7.30%7.30%
Equal Area IGBP Ecosystem Classification Equal Area IGBP Ecosystem Classification StatisticsStatistics
Evrg. Broad ForestEvrg. Broad Forest10.38%10.38%
Evrg. Needle ForestEvrg. Needle Forest4.19%4.19%
Barren / DesertBarren / Desert13.00%13.00%
UrbanUrban0.17%0.17%
Crop MosaicCrop Mosaic3.34%3.34%
Permanent SnowPermanent Snow11.31%11.31%
CroplandCropland10.09%10.09%
WetlandsWetlands0.33%0.33%SavannaSavanna
6.63%6.63%
Woody SavannaWoody Savanna6.32%6.32%
Open ShrubsOpen Shrubs18.86%18.86%
Closed ShrubsClosed Shrubs0.63%0.63%
Other VegOther Veg13.93 %13.93 %
Mixed ForestMixed Forest4.85%4.85% Decd. Broad ForestDecd. Broad Forest
1.19%1.19%Decd. Needle ForestDecd. Needle Forest
1.40%1.40%
Compute regional ecosystem statisticsCompute regional ecosystem statistics– 0.5°, 1-5°, 10°, 10°x20°, 10°x30° box sizes0.5°, 1-5°, 10°, 10°x20°, 10°x30° box sizes
Obtain pixel-level and regional ecosystem statistical phenological Obtain pixel-level and regional ecosystem statistical phenological trendstrends– Curves will have different magnitudesCurves will have different magnitudes– Shapes will be consistentShapes will be consistent
Impose shape of curves onto pixel level dataImpose shape of curves onto pixel level data– Only 10-15% of pixels have adequate coverage to obtain phenologyOnly 10-15% of pixels have adequate coverage to obtain phenology– Maintains pixel level detail with appropriate phenologyMaintains pixel level detail with appropriate phenology
Select curve that has best representationSelect curve that has best representation– Representation of existing pixel dataRepresentation of existing pixel data– Completeness of trendCompleteness of trend– Bias towards smaller statistical box sizesBias towards smaller statistical box sizes
Fill missing values with selected curveFill missing values with selected curve
General MethodologyGeneral Methodology
Prepare MOD43B3 dataPrepare MOD43B3 data– Mosaic SIN data onto 1-minute climate modeling gridMosaic SIN data onto 1-minute climate modeling grid– Apply MOD43B3 QAApply MOD43B3 QA
Remove lesser quality pixelsRemove lesser quality pixels Remove seasonal snowRemove seasonal snow
Prepare MOD12Q1 dataPrepare MOD12Q1 data– Mosaic SIN data onto 1-minute climate modeling gridMosaic SIN data onto 1-minute climate modeling grid
Compute regional ecosystem statisticsCompute regional ecosystem statistics– CMG grids at 0.5°, 1-5°, 10°, 10°x20°, 10°x30°CMG grids at 0.5°, 1-5°, 10°, 10°x20°, 10°x30°– A priori computationA priori computation
Processing PreparationProcessing Preparation
Phenological Curves for Deciduous Broadleaf Phenological Curves for Deciduous Broadleaf ForestForest
Vermont, USAVermont, USAPhenological Phenological
CurvesCurves
Phenological Phenological Curves with Offset Curves with Offset
AppliedApplied
Continental United StatesContinental United StatesJuly 12-27, 2002July 12-27, 2002
Cloud and snow cover obscure full decay stateCloud and snow cover obscure full decay state Over hemisphere average of high latitudesOver hemisphere average of high latitudes
– Unique ecosystem and wavelength extrema percent changeUnique ecosystem and wavelength extrema percent change– Compute % change from pixels with adequate representationCompute % change from pixels with adequate representation
For each pixel/statistical curveFor each pixel/statistical curve– Pin winter endpoints with value computed fromPin winter endpoints with value computed from
Percent changePercent change Summer extremaSummer extrema
Then apply General MethodologyThen apply General Methodology
Seasonal Snow MethodologySeasonal Snow Methodology
Phenological Curve for Mixed ForestPhenological Curve for Mixed ForestNorthern RussiaNorthern Russia
Europe and Western AsiaEurope and Western AsiaDecember 3-18, 2002December 3-18, 2002
Clouds obscure trends over large regionsClouds obscure trends over large regions– Usually full growth stage is obscuredUsually full growth stage is obscured– Even 10°x30° boxes may not observe complete temporal trendEven 10°x30° boxes may not observe complete temporal trend
Compute 1 statistical curve per ecosystem classCompute 1 statistical curve per ecosystem class– 5°-15° Latitude belts5°-15° Latitude belts
Centered around pixel’s latitudeCentered around pixel’s latitude– Yearly phenological behavior curvesYearly phenological behavior curves
Instead of 2 half year curvesInstead of 2 half year curves Impose shape of curve onto existing pixel dataImpose shape of curve onto existing pixel data
Persistent Cloud MethodologyPersistent Cloud Methodology
Missing SeasonMissing SeasonAsian MonsoonAsian Monsoon
Indian Subcontinent during MonsoonIndian Subcontinent during MonsoonJune 10-26, 2002June 10-26, 2002
Limited Yearly Data Limited Yearly Data Tropical CloudinessTropical Cloudiness
South America during Rainy SeasonSouth America during Rainy SeasonJune 10-26, 2002June 10-26, 2002
Africa in the Presence of Persistent CloudsAfrica in the Presence of Persistent CloudsDecember 3-18, 2002December 3-18, 2002
Spatially Complete Albedo MapsSpatially Complete Albedo Maps = 0.858 µm = 0.858 µm
Spectral Variability by Ecosystem ClassSpectral Variability by Ecosystem ClassJune 26 - July 11, 2001June 26 - July 11, 2001
Temporal Variability by Ecosystem ClassTemporal Variability by Ecosystem ClassJanuary - July 2001January - July 2001
Cropland Cropland EcosystemEcosystem
Urban EcosystemUrban Ecosystem
2001 (v3) and 2002 (v4) spatially complete albedo maps2001 (v3) and 2002 (v4) spatially complete albedo maps– Maps and QA stored in 1-minute rectangular coordinatesMaps and QA stored in 1-minute rectangular coordinates– First seven MODIS wavelengths and 3 broadbandFirst seven MODIS wavelengths and 3 broadband– White- and black-sky albedo valuesWhite- and black-sky albedo values
Currently processing 2000-2004 (v4)Currently processing 2000-2004 (v4) 2001 (v3) and 2002 (v4) statistics of filled albedo maps2001 (v3) and 2002 (v4) statistics of filled albedo maps
– 0.5°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, 10° box sizes0.5°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, 10° box sizes– Statistics computed in boxes and by ecosystem class in boxesStatistics computed in boxes and by ecosystem class in boxes
Statistics of snow albedosStatistics of snow albedos– Hemispheric averages of MOD43B3 validated dataHemispheric averages of MOD43B3 validated data– Separated by ecosystem class and NISE wet/dry classificationSeparated by ecosystem class and NISE wet/dry classification
IGBP ecosystem classification mapIGBP ecosystem classification map– Maps and QA stored in 1-minute rectangular coordinatesMaps and QA stored in 1-minute rectangular coordinates
Available ProductsAvailable Products
Land Surface Albedo Data DistributionLand Surface Albedo Data Distribution
modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.govmodis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov
Acquiring dataAcquiring data– Anonymous FTPAnonymous FTP
Via websiteVia website Direct linkDirect link
– AvailableAvailable Albedo mapsAlbedo maps Albedo QA mapsAlbedo QA maps Albedo statisticsAlbedo statistics Ecosystem mapEcosystem map Snow albedo Snow albedo
statisticsstatistics NDVINDVI Images and moviesImages and movies
Used near real-time ice and snow extent (NISE) datasetUsed near real-time ice and snow extent (NISE) dataset– Distinguishes land snow and sea ice (away from coastal regions)Distinguishes land snow and sea ice (away from coastal regions)– Identifies wet vs dry snowIdentifies wet vs dry snow
Projected onto an equal-area 1’ angle gridProjected onto an equal-area 1’ angle grid
Aggregate snow albedo from MOD43B3 productAggregate snow albedo from MOD43B3 product– Surface albedo flagged as snowSurface albedo flagged as snow
Aggregate only snow pixels whose composite NISE snow type is >90% is Aggregate only snow pixels whose composite NISE snow type is >90% is flagged as either wet or dry snow in any 16-day period flagged as either wet or dry snow in any 16-day period
– Hemispherical multiyear statisticsHemispherical multiyear statistics Separate spectral albedo by ecosystem (MOD12Q1)Separate spectral albedo by ecosystem (MOD12Q1)
Results represent ‘average’ snow conditionsResults represent ‘average’ snow conditions– Additional sources of variability include snow depth, snow age, grain size, Additional sources of variability include snow depth, snow age, grain size,
contamination (soot), and, in the case of black-sky albedo, solar zenith anglecontamination (soot), and, in the case of black-sky albedo, solar zenith angle
Spectral Albedo of SnowSpectral Albedo of Snow
Snow Albedo by Forest EcosystemsSnow Albedo by Forest EcosystemsNorthern Hemisphere Multiyear Average (2000-2004)Northern Hemisphere Multiyear Average (2000-2004)
Snow Albedo for Sparse Vegetation EcosystemsSnow Albedo for Sparse Vegetation EcosystemsNorthern Hemisphere Multiyear Average (2000-2004)Northern Hemisphere Multiyear Average (2000-2004)
Spatially Complete White-Sky AlbedoSpatially Complete White-Sky AlbedoJanuary 1-16, 2002January 1-16, 2002
0.60.6
0.80.8
0.00.0
0.20.2
Su
rface
Alb
edo (
0.8
6 µ
m)
Su
rface
Alb
edo (
0.8
6 µ
m)
0.40.4
Snow-freeSnow-free
Snow-Snow-coveredcovered
Spatially complete surface albedo datasets have been generatedSpatially complete surface albedo datasets have been generated– Uses high-quality operational MODIS surface albedo datasetUses high-quality operational MODIS surface albedo dataset– Imposes phenological curve and ecosystem-dependent variability Imposes phenological curve and ecosystem-dependent variability – White- and black-sky albedos produced for 7 spectral bands and 3 White- and black-sky albedos produced for 7 spectral bands and 3
broadbandsbroadbands See See modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov for data access and further descriptions, andfor data access and further descriptions, and
– Moody, E. G., M. D. King, S., Platnick, C. B. Schaaf, and F. Gao, 2005: Spatially complete global spectral surface albedos: Value-added datasets derived from Terra MODIS land products. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43, 144-158.
Spectral albedo of snowSpectral albedo of snow– Hemispheric averages of MOD43B3 validated dataHemispheric averages of MOD43B3 validated data– Separated by ecosystem class and NISE wet/dry classificationSeparated by ecosystem class and NISE wet/dry classification– Additional variability due to snow depth, age, grain size, and contamination Additional variability due to snow depth, age, grain size, and contamination
not accessible from MODIS data alone, and hence not incorporatednot accessible from MODIS data alone, and hence not incorporated
Summary and ConclusionsSummary and Conclusions