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SPACE WEATHER BALLOONING
Space is not as far away as you think….
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Earth to Sky Calculus
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The launch crew
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Space Weather Buoy
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Our hometown Bishop, California
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Microbes at the Edge of Space Halobacteria NRC-1
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Who needs a tripod?
Astrophotography from a rapidly spinning, rocking platform hurtling upward at 15 mph
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SPACE WEATHER BUOY
• K-mart lunchbox
• Berkeley Nucleonics Radiation Sensor (10 keV – 20 MeV, X-rays and gamma rays)
• Two SPOT Trackers (for recovery)
• Two Hero3+ cameras
• Cryogenic Temperature Probe
• Garmin GPS altimeter
• Lots of hand warmers
• Hardware cost = $2300 • Launch cost = $400
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WHERE DOES THIS RADIATION COME FROM?
supernovas
solar flares
black holes
COSMIC RAYS
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GPS ALTIMETRY
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RADIATION BUOY FLIGHTS 2013-2015
• Oct. 27, 2013
• Dec. 14, 2013
• Dec. 21, 2013
• Jan. 1, 2014
• Jan. 8, 2014
• Mar. 16, 2014
• Apr. 20, 2014
• May 4, 2014
• May 10, 2014
• June 7, 2014
• June 19, 2014
• Aug. 8, 2014
• Aug. 22, 2014
• Sep. 12, 2014
• Sep. 28, 2014
• Oct. 8, 2014
• Oct. 23, 2014
• Nov. 23, 2014
• Dec. 8, 2014
• Dec. 24, 2014
• Jan 10, 2015
• Jan 14, 2015
• Jan 28, 2015
• Feb 1, 2015
• Feb. 19, 2015
• Mar 13, 2015
• Mar 17, 2015
• Mar 21, 2015
• Mar 24, 2015
• April 1, 2015
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Sept. 12, 2014: Double CME strike sparks geomagnetic storm (Kp=7)
X2 flare on Sept. 10th
Incoming CME
Auroras over Maine Earth to Sky balloon launch
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In the stratosphere on Sept. 12, 2014 geomagnetic storm in progress….
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We expected to see an increase in radiation……
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Oulu, Finland +65 N
Bishop, California +37 N
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Incoming CME
Incoming CME
X2-class flare on Dec. 20th
Dec 21-22: Double CME impact sparks minor geomagnetic storm (Kp=5)
Dec. 24: Earth to Sky Balloon Launch
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In the stratosphere on Dec. 24, 2014 Forbush Decrease in progress…..
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Dec. 24
Jan 10
Jan 14
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Dec. 24
Jan 10
Jan 14
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March 17, 2015 A glancing blow from a CME sparks the strongest geomagnetic storm of the current solar cycle (Kp=8)
Earth to Sky balloon launch
C9-class solar flare
Incoming CME
Auroras over Alaska
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In the stratosphere on March 17, 2015 Geomagnetic storm in progress……
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(6 months wiser….)
We expected to see a increase decrease in radiation……
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What’s Next?
1. Cross calibrate our sensors with more sophisticated
instruments and particle beams
2. Summer in Brazil! In June we will conduct a simultaneous
balloon launch from California and Brazil—right into the South Atlantic Anomaly.
3. Add Neutron Detectors to our payload
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North American Space Weather Balloon Network
Anchorage, AK Palo Alto, CA Berkeley, CA San Diego, CA Bishop, CA Wellesley, MA Seattle, WA Arecibo PR
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RADS ON A PLANE
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PILOTS ARE “OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION WORKERS” (passengers are exposed too – 100,000 miles = 20 chest X-rays)
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High-altitude radiation measurements are also important for space tourism
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WHERE DOES THIS RADIATION COME FROM?
supernovas
solar flares
black holes
COSMIC RAYS
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RADS ON A PLANE: On Nov. 11th, we flew from California to Washington DC. We took a radiation sensor onboard the plane—the same one we fly on our balloons. During the apex of the flight to DC, cruising 39,000 feet above the desert between Reno and Phoenix, we recorded a dose rate almost 30 times higher than on the ground below:
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What a difference 11,000 feet makes November 2014 NSF trip
The radiation inside these planes comes from space--that is, cosmic rays that penetrate Earth's atmosphere and reach down to aviation altitudes. In the plot we can see what a difference altitude makes: Cruising at 39,000 feet, the Reno to Phoenix flight was closer to space and thus experienced double the radiation of the DC to Chicago flight cruising at 28,000 feet. Altitudes in this plot are as reported by the pilots.
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What a difference 1,100 feet makes December 2014 AGU trip
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Reno to Phoenix again -- Jan. 5, 2015
At the same altitude, dose rates were 40% lower than in Nov. 2014
WHY?
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In the stratosphere on Sept. 12, 2014 geomagnetic storm in progress….
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Sunset in the Stratosphere
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HOW DO WE PAY FOR ALL THIS?
EARTH TO SKY CALCULUS LLC
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WHAT HAPPENED TO OUR CUBESAT? WE FLEW IT OURSELVES…..
Test your Cubesat at the Edge of Space
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Earth to Sky Calculus LLC Amelia Koske-Phillips, Michael White, Sam Johnson, Justin Gilpin, Carson Reid, Olivia Grah, Rachel Molina, Ginger Perez, Aaron Lamb
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Time Magazine Top 100 Pictures of 2012
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PHOTOGRAPHING METEOR SHOWERS (LYRIDS AND ORIONIDS)
Balloon payloads floating in the calm stratosphere make an excellent platform for astrophotography
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NASA LOW LIGHT CAMERA
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MONITORING THE CALIFORNIA DROUGHT
Dog sledding CANCELLED
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Earth to Sky Calculus
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EXTRA SLIDES
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MICROBES AT THE EDGE OF SPACE Stratospheric Microbe Catcher June 30, 2012
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MICROBES AT THE EDGE OF SPACE
Halobacteria exposed to a solar radiation storm – May 22, 2013
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PETUNIAS IN
SPACE
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ON THE WAY UP WE PASS THROUGH AVIATION ALTITUDES
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Balloon Landing Sites Blue = Space Weather Missions
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OZONE MEASUREMENTS
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WHAT’S MISSING? NEUTRONS!