![Page 1: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sounds
![Page 2: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
27.1 The Stage is SetIn 1914, long-building tensions among European
Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually entered the war.
During this time Americans:
• Saw tensions in Europe lead to war.
• Stayed Neutral as long as it could.
• Were pulled into the war by German actions.
• Quickly organized for war.
• Played a decisive role in ending the war.
![Page 3: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ReasonsWW I started
Militarism
Nationalism
Alliances
Imperialism
SoundsRoots of WarVideo
5:34
![Page 4: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Pride and/or love for one’s country.
-France vs. Germany: The French are stillangry about their loss of Alsace and Lorraine
to Germany in 1871.
-Russia sponsored Pan-Slavism and rivaled Austria-Hungary
in the Balkans.
Reasons
Aggressive Nationalism
![Page 5: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Austria-Hungary, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire were all multinational empire with subjects who wanted their
own nations.
Reasons
Aggressive Nationalism
![Page 6: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
-Glorification of the military paintedwar in a romantic light.
-A fighting spirit was growing in Europe.There hadn’t been a major war in 100 yrs.
-Stockpiling of military arms =arms race (Kaiser William II)
-Social Darwinism?
ReasonsMilitarism
![Page 7: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Arms RaceIn all areas
Especially fierce between Germany and Britain (naval)
It was Admiral, the First Sea Lord, was the driving-force behind the development of the Dreadnought that was built at Portsmouth Dockyar between October 1905 and December 1906. The Dreadnought was the most heavily-armed ship in history. She had ten 12-inch guns (305 mm), whereas the previous record was four 12-inch guns. The gun turrets were situated higher than user and so facilitated more accurate long-distance fire. In addition to her 12-inch guns, the Dreadnought also had twenty-four 3-inch guns (76 mm) and five torpedo tubes below water. In the waterline section of her hull, the Dreadnought was armored by plates 28 cm thick. The Dreadnought was the first major warship driven solely by steam turbines, making her faster than any other warship. A total of 526 feet long (160.1 meters) the Dreadnought had a crew of over 800 men.
By 1914 the British Navy had nineteen Dreadnoughts (thirteen under construction), compared with Germany's thirteen (seven under construction). Other fleets with Dreadnoughts at sea by 1914 were: United States (8), France (8), Japan (4), Austria-Hungary (2) and Italy (1).
![Page 8: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
“All the long years of my reign, my colleagues, the Monarchs of Europe, have paid no attention to what I have to say.”
I want respect
![Page 9: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
European nations competed for territories and empires all
over the world.
Led to an economic rivalry between Germany and
Britain.
Reasons
Imperialism
![Page 10: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
•Distrust among the great powers led to pledges to support one another if attacked.
•International tensions increased.
Alliesvs.
Central powers
Reasons
Alliances
![Page 11: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Opposing Alliances(made national leaders VERY nervous)
Allied Powers
1. Great Britain2. France3. Russia-Serbia4. Italy5. Eventually 32
countries
More soldiers, industry capacity
British navy supplied food & materials, blockade
Central Powers
1. Germany
2. Austria-Hungary
3. Ottoman Empire
4. Bulgaria
5. And others
Easy communication &
troop movement Germany well-trained &
well-equipped army
![Page 12: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
27.2 The Guns of August
"One day the great European War will come out of some damned foolish thing in the Balkans.”
-Otto Von Bismarck.
The Rootsof WW I
5:31
![Page 14: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The PowderKeg of Europe
The assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinandwas the immediate, short-range spark that triggered the war.
![Page 15: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
-a hot-bed of nationalism
![Page 17: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Spark!• June 28, 1914 - a day to
remember
• The Archduke (heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary) would visit Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia to direct military maneuvers in nearby mountains.
• An oppressor entering Sarajevo on 28 June was a great insult.
![Page 18: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Spark!
• June 28th is known to every
Serb as Vidovnan….
– Date on which the old Serbian kingdom was conquered by the Muslim Turks at the battle of Amselfelde in 1389.
– Serbia freed itself from Turkish rule on the same date in 1912.
![Page 19: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Gavrilo Princip
• Member of the Black Hand, a.k.a. Unity or Death.
• Assassin of Franz & Sophie Ferdinand
![Page 20: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• The main objective of the Black Hand was the creation, by means of violence, of a Greater Serbia. Its stated aim was: "To realize the national ideal, the unification of all Serbs. This organization prefers terrorist action to cultural activities; it will therefore remain secret."
• By 1914 there were around 2,500 members of the Black Hand. The group was mainly made up of junior army officers but also included lawyers, journalists and university professors.
![Page 21: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Fuse is Lit!
•July 5: Germany backs Austria & gives them a “Blank Check”.
•July 23: Austria sends a list of demands, or ultimatum to Serbia.
![Page 27: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Boom!
• July 28: Austria declares war on Serbia.
• July 30: Russia mobilizes its troops and moves towards the Austrian border in support of Serbia.
• August 1: Germany declares war on Russia.
• August 3: Germany tells France to stay neutral, France
says no, So Germany declares war on France.
![Page 28: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• August 4: Germany marches 1.5 million troops through neutral Belgium and the Schlieffen Plan takes effect.
• August 4: Britain, vowed to protect Belgium, declares war on Germany as a result.
• September 6-12: German troops are stopped outside of Paris at the battle of the Marne. A German field marshall orders his troops to dig trenches and the French follow.
The Boom!
![Page 29: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
British Foreign Minister Sir Edward Gray: “The lamps are going out all over Europe. We
shall not see them lit again in our lifetime”
![Page 30: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Timeline
June 28
July5
July23
July 28
July 30
Aug1
Aug3
Aug4
Aug4
Sept6-12
Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
is assassinated in Sarajevo,
Bosnia.
Ger
man
y gi
ves
Austri
a
a “B
lank
Che
ck”.
Austria sends a list of demands,
or ultimatum
to Serbia.
Austri
a de
clar
es w
ar o
n Ser
bia.
Russia mobilizes its troops
in support of Serbia.
Ger
man
y de
clar
es w
ar o
n R
ussi
a.
Germ
any declares war on France.
Ger
man
y m
arch
es 1
.5 m
illio
n tr
oops
thro
ugh
neut
ral B
elgi
um
Britain declares war on
Germ
any for violating
Belgium.
The
battl
e of
the
MA
RN
E
outs
ide
of P
aris
.
1914 Start of WW I
![Page 31: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Schlieffen Plan
• Russia slow to mobilize• Attack France through Belgium and get to Paris
before the Russian’s could mobilize.• Britain and Belgium and Italy were neutral up to
this point.
General Alfred Schlieffen’s plan to avoid a two front
war.
![Page 32: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
27.3 A New Kind of Conflict
![Page 35: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
A New Kind of Conflict
•Deadlier and more destructive than previous wars.•First modern, fully industrialized war.
–Modern weapons being mass-produced resulted in huge numbers of casualties
–New weapons helped prevent either side from gaining an advantage leading to a stalemate, deadlock, that dragged on for 4 yrs.
![Page 36: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Trench Warfare
![Page 37: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Map of the Trenches
Front line trenches
These were usually about seven feet deep and about six feet wide. The Allies were forced to dig their trenches in lower ground so they were often waterlogged. They had a zigzag pattern to prevent the enemy from shooting straight down the line. Sandbags were put on both sides of the top of the trench to absorb enemy bullets. Lines of barbed wire protected the frontline trench from any enemy attacks.
![Page 39: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Photos from the Trenches
![Page 40: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Gas Warfare
The gases used during WW1 may be classified as:
1. Lacrimators: (eye irritants and "tear gases") such as Benzylbromide.
2. Sternutators: (nasal irritants, "sneeze gases," "vomiting gases“ ), such as Diphenylchlorarsine. Sternutator gases were mixed with the other, more lethal, gases in order to interfere with the men
wearing their protective gas masks..
3. Lung irritants: (suffocants, respiratory irritants) Chlorine, Phosgene, carbon oxychloride, chlormethylchlorformate, bromacetone, chloropicrin.
4. Vesicants (skin irritants, escharotics) Dichlorethylsulphide, or Mustard Gas, chlorarsines and bromoarsines.
![Page 41: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
New Weapons
Tank U-Boat
Machine GunAirplane
![Page 42: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Daily Rations
• 20 oz. Fresh or frozen meat, or 16 oz. preserved or salt meat
• 20 oz. bread, or 16 oz. biscuit or flour
• 4 oz. Bacon, 3 oz. Cheese, 5/8 oz. Tea, 4 oz. Jam, 3oz. Sugar, 1/2 oz. Salt, 1/36 oz. Pepper, 1/20 oz. mustard
• 8 oz. fresh or 2 oz. dried vegetables, 1/10 gal. lime juice (for scurvy)
• 1/2 gal rum (at discretion of commanding general)
• 20 oz. tobacco per week
• 26 1/2 oz. bread or 17 1/2 oz. field biscuit, or 14 oz. egg biscuit
• 13 oz. fresh or frozen meat, or 7 oz. preserved meat
• 53 oz. potatoes, or 4 1/2 oz. Vegetables
• 9/10 oz. coffee, or 1/10 oz. Tea• 7/10 oz. Sugar, 9/10 oz. salt • 2 cigars and 2 cigarettes, or 1 oz.
pipe tobacco, or 9/10 oz. plug tobacco, or 1/5 oz. Snuff
• .17 pint spirits or .44 pint wine or .88 pint beer
British German
![Page 43: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
After 3 years, Morale Begins
Collapsing….Why?
By 1917 troops are still in the same trenches as in 1914.
The warring nations are on the verge of bankruptcy.
Troops mutinied
Food is scarce
The generals have failed to achieve the promised victories.
![Page 44: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Gallery Walk
Activity
The European Conflict Clip4:48
![Page 45: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
27.4 Winning the War• First total war in
which gov’ts committed all of their resources-both human & industrial-to the war in an effort to win.
![Page 47: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• Gov’ts controlled public opinion.– Censored the
press– Used
propaganda: spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause.
• Universal military conscription, men were drafted and forced to fight.
![Page 48: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
• Gov’ts controlled the economy– Raised taxes
and borrowed huge sums of money (war bonds) to pay for the war.
– Rationed food and other products.
![Page 49: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Famous Battles• Western Front (France)
– Marne: Germans dig in outside of Paris– Verdun: 5 month battle, each side lost 300,000 men– Somme: over 1 million casualties, 5 mile advance
• Eastern Front– Tannenberg: Germans crushed the invading
Russians
• Ottoman Front– Gallipoli: Disaster for the Allies who had to give up
after a yr. of fighting
• Asia & Africa: Japan took German possessions
in China and Germany’s Pacific Island colonies
![Page 50: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Trouble in Russia• Revolutionaries
• Not fully industrialized
• In 1915, there were 2 million Russian casualties on the Eastern Front
• Nicholas II went to the front to take personal command
• Alexandra and Gregory Rasputin
• Food and fuel shortages on the home front
![Page 52: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
• Last Romanov Czar, Nicholas II gives up the throne on March 15, 1917.
The March Revolution
![Page 53: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
The November
Revolution• the Bolsheviks put Vladimir Lenin in charge
• March 1918, Germany & Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk– Ended Russian
involvement in WW I
– ¼ of Russia’s people and European territory to Germany.
![Page 54: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
1922 Russia becomes the USSR, the world’s first communist state
![Page 55: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Why did America get involved in 1917?
![Page 56: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
1. Germany’s use of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare.
![Page 57: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
May 7, 1915 sinking of the Lusitania
1,200 passengers killed, including 128 Americans
![Page 58: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
• December 1916, Germany announced it would resume unrestricted submarine warfare.
![Page 59: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
2. The Zimmerman Telegram
![Page 60: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
2. In early 1917, sent from Germany to Mexico asking them to join Germany in a war with America.
![Page 61: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
• What Germany offered Mexico.
![Page 63: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
• On April 6, 1917 Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany.
• The stalemate on the western front is broken.
![Page 64: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
November 9, 1918 the Kaiser abdicated. November 11, 1918 =Armistice Day
![Page 65: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
27.5 Making the Peace
"The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted
upon the tested foundations of political liberty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We
seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation for the sacrifices
we shall freely make." (Pres. Wilson’s War message, April 2, 1917)
![Page 67: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
27.5 Making the Peace• After the war
Europe was a shattered continent in ruins.
• In the years ahead, Europe would continue to pay the cost of war.
![Page 68: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Financial Burdens• Europe was shelled
to rubble and needed to be rebuilt.
• Huge national war debts.
• The defeated Central Powers had to make reparations, or payments for war damages.
Political Turmoil• Old monarchies
in Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire collapsed.
• The fear of communism.
• Unrest swept Europe’s colonial empires.
![Page 69: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
• Survivors were known as the “Lost Generation”
![Page 71: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
1918, a flu pandemic swept around the world killing 20 million people.
![Page 72: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Treaty of Versailles • The Big Three meet in Paris- U.S., France, & England.
• Hopes for peace were high.
• Pres. Wilson called for a “just peace” w/out revenge.
• France & England wanted to punish Germany for their aggression.
![Page 73: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
• Forced to sign a “War Guilt Clause”
• Assumed full responsibility for the war, Article 231
• $31 billion in war reparations.• Prohibited from making war
materials and forced to surrender its Navy and reduce its Army to 100,000.
• Lost nearly 13% of their land in Europe and 10% of its people and all of its overseas colonies. (Polish Corridor)
German Punishment
![Page 74: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
The Fourteen Points
• “war to end all wars”/ “make the world safe for democracy”
• Stood firm on the 14th point called for an international League of Nations to prevent future wars.
PresidentWoodrow
Wilson
![Page 75: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
![Page 77: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
19141914
![Page 78: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
19201920
![Page 79: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Treaty Results • Germany was left so
weakened and humiliated by the treaty that its people resented it.
• The United States, Germany, and Russia were not members of the newly formed League of Nations.
• Rise of Totalitarian states in Europe.
• World War II.
![Page 80: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
![Page 81: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
![Page 82: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Cartoon Analysis
Worksheets
![Page 83: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
![Page 84: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
![Page 85: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
![Page 87: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Central Powers vs. The Allies
![Page 88: Sounds. 27.1 The Stage is Set In 1914, long-building tensions among European Nations exploded into war. The U.S.A. tried to stay neutral, but eventually](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070305/5513cab95503463a298b4e46/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)