Download - Solubility of Salt, Sugar and Baking Soda
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SolubilityA Physical Property
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A Defnition osolubility:
A measure of how much solute can dissolve ina solvent at a given temperature.
What is a solvent?A substance that dissolves another substance.
Example: Water
What is a solute?The part of a solution present in a lesser
amount and dissolved by the solvent.
Example: alt
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Saturation
When you have added so much solute thatno more dissolves! you have a saturatedsolution.
"f you add more sugar to a saturated solutionof iced tea! the extra sugar #ust settles to thebottom of the glass.
$n the other hand! if you continue todissolve more solute! you still have an
unsaturated solution.
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Working with SolubilityThe solubility of a substance tells you how
much solute you can dissolve before asolution becomes saturated.
olubility is given for a speci%c solvent &suchas water' under certain conditions &such astemperature'.
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Solubility in 100 g o Water at 0
Degrees Celsius (2!"#Co$%ound Solubility (g#
(arbon )ioxide
*a+ing oda
Table alt
Table ugar
,.-/
0.1
-2.3
4/,
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&a'tors Ae'ting
Solubility)ressure: A5ects the solubility of gases. The higher the
pressure of a gas over a solvent! the more gas can dissolve.
Solvents: ometimes you can6t ma+e a solution becausethe solute and solvent are not compatible. 7ave you evertried to mix oil and vinegar? "f you have! you can see that
the oil and water separate &they are said to bei$$is'ible'.
8or li9uid solutions! the solvent a5ects how well a solute
dissolves.
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Solubility
*e$%erature:8or most solids! solubilityincreases as the temperature increases.
8or example! the solubility of table sugar in 4,,
grams of water changes from 4/, grams at ,(elsius to -4 grams at 2 (elsius. What ishappening?
;nli+e most solids! gases become less solublewhen the temperate goes up.
8or example more carbon dioxide will dissolve in
cold water than in hot water.
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A Su%ersaturated
SolutionWhen heated! a solution can dissolve more
solute than it can at cooler temperatures.
"f a heated saturated solution cools slowly!sometimes the extra solute will remaindissolved.
A su%ersaturated solution has moredissolved solute than is predicted by itssolubility at the given temperature.
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olubilityolubility is the maximumamount of solute thatcan be dissolve in 4,,g of solventat a giventemperature
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olubilityExample
What is the solubility of sugar in water at 2.,( if/., g of sugar can be dissolved in 2, ml ofwater?
($ass o 1$l o water is 1g#Amount of sugar in 4g of water
< /., g = 2, ml < ,.44 g=mlAmount of sugar in 4,,g of water
< ,.44 g=ml x 4,, ml < 44.g
olubility of sugar in water at 2( is 44.g per 4,,g of
water
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olubilityExample
The solubility of salt in oil at room temperature is2., g=4,, ml. 7ow much salt can be dissolved in,, g oil at room temperature? &density of oil is,.1g=cm-'
>olume of ,, g oil
< ,, g x 4 cm-
=,.1g
< cm- < ml
< 2., g=4,, ml x ml
< 22.0g a(l