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Jason Acosta, Joseph Vera, Lynnette Ortiz
May 3, 2011
CHILD WELFARE
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1. History of Child Welfare
2. Major contributors
3. Statistics
4. Theories
5. Current Trends and Issues
6. Roles
OVERVIEW
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Throughout the history of the United States, the child welfare system hasevolved according to changing beliefs and attitudes about what role
government should play in the protection and care of abused and neglected
children.
As public awareness about child abuse and the damage it caused grew, theimportance of child protection received greater attention by government
officials.
CHILD WELFARE HISTORY
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Expanding role of the federal government
the federal governments role in the modern child
welfare system has increased as federal fundingaugmentations are accompanied by new rules and
requirements emphasizing greater accountability on thepart of states in achieving positive child outcomes.
HISTORY-EXPANDING ROLE OF
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
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The Social Security Act of 1935 authorized the first federal grantsfor child welfare services
Though relatively small, these first federal grants served asan impetus for states to establish child welfare agencies and todevelop local programs to deliver child welfare services. Federal
funding for child welfare services increased, and states wererequired to match federal grants with state funds.
The bill was written by the President's Committee on EconomicSecurity, chaired by Frances Perkins.
HISTORY- SOCIAL SECURITY ACT
OF 1935
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Feminist
First woman to be appointed to aCabinet post (Secretary of Labor)
held post through bothFDR terms
Contributed greatly to the writing ofthe New Deal legislation
MAJOR CONTRIBUTORS-FRANCIS
PERKINS
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developed the first public child welfare programs in central Louisiana to offerchild protection services to neglected children, services to unmarried mothers,
foster home services for children, and adoption
Especially active in recruiting black adoptive homes, Gandelman made thefirst black adoption placement in the agencys history in 1972
JOSEPHINE WEIL GANDELMAN
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Placement settings
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Age of children and youth in care:
STATISTICS: NEW YORK
< 1 year 4% 12-15 years 19%
1-5 years 28% 16-18 years 19%
6-11 years 22% 19 years 7%
In Out-of-Home care
White 41%
Black or African American 49%
American Indian/Alaska Native 0.4%
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Island 0%
Asian 0.7%
Other 9%
Hispanic/Latino 21%
Race:
Last updated: 3/17/11
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TRENDS
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The original Social Security Act also created the Aid to Dependent Children(ADC) program, in order to help states provide financial assistance to needydependent children. (In 1962, this program was renamed Aid to Families with
Dependent Children, or AFDC. AFDC was in turn replaced by the TemporaryAssistance to Needy Families, or TANF, block grant program in 1996.)
Temporary Assistance is temporary help for needy men, women and children.If you are unable to work, can't find a job, or your job does not pay enough,TA may be able to help you pay for your expenses.
60 month limit (5 years)
TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE TO
NEEDY FAMILIES
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Reunification is a primary goal in child welfare
Permanency
BIIH: Bridges to Health
provide expanded and enhanced services to at least 3,300 foster children
with disabilities, including children in OCFS custody. These children typically haveserious emotional problems or developmental disabilities or are medically fragile. Theprogram also will serve their families, including birth parents, foster parents, pre-adoptive parents, and siblings.
REUNIFICATION
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Attachment theory
childs relationship with a primary caregiver during infancy is critically important to later
development and serves as a prototype for the childs relationships throughout the lifespan
(Howe, 1995)
usefulness in understanding the psychological ramifications of child abuse and neglect
THEORIES
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no single comprehensive child welfare program at the federal level
Aid to Dependent Children-Foster Care
The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)
The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980
REFORMS
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In 1986, out of concern that adolescents who aged-out of the foster caresystem were not equipped to live on their own, Congress authorized theIndependent Living Program. The new program, which was authorized under
the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, provided funding forstates to help older foster youth make the transition from foster care toindependence.
TRANSITIONAL LIVING
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Every state has a public agency that is charged with the delivery of services inresponse to reports of child abuse and neglect
prevention and early intervention
required to ensure a childs safety when the child is abused orneglected or when a caregiver is unable or unwilling to protect his or her child
receive and assess allegations of abuse and neglect, assess childrenssafety and risk of future harm, evaluate a familys capacity to participate inservices provided, and plan and coordinate interventions and services for
families
ROLE OF SOCIAL WORKER
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School social workers
Case workers for child protective services
Foster care social workers
Administrative social workers
Juvenile justice systems
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
IN CHILD WELFARE FIELD
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http://advancesinsocialwork.iupui.edu/index.php/advancesinsocialwork/article/viewFile/174/167
http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/info_services/state/New%20York.pdf
http://www.illinoischildwelfare.org/archives/volume3/icw3-8.pdf
http://www.ocwtp.net/PDFs/Assmt%20III%20Trends%20in%20Child%20Welfare.pdf
http://ocfs.state.ny.us/bridgestohealth/
http://www.ocfs.state.ny.us/ten_for_2010/OCFS_ChildWelfareFinance_Final.pdf
http://www.ncsl.org/IssuesResearch/HumanServices/tabid/123/Default.aspx
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2006). The AFCARS Report: Final Estimate
for FY 1998 Through FY 2002 (12). Retrieved January 7, 2010, fromwww.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/stats_research/afcars/tar/report12.htm
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2009). The AFCARS Report: PreliminaryFY 2008 Estimates as of October 2009 (16). Retrieved January 7, 2010 fromwww.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/stats_research/afcars/tar/report16.htm
WORK CITED
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