![Page 1: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Building Stormwater Infrastructure to Serve as Community Amenities
Regional Stormwater Partnership of the Carolinas
Jonathan Smith, PE – Tetra Tech
February 26. 2020 Charlotte, NC
![Page 2: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Impacts of Stormwater Runoff
Typical pre-development conditions:
Runoff = 10% Infiltration = 50%
Typical post-development conditions:
Runoff = 55% Infiltration = 15%
![Page 3: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Traditional Approaches to the Issue
![Page 4: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Primary Problems
Source: Mecklenburg County, City of Charlotte 4
![Page 5: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Then We Tried Ponds and “Better” Channels
Image Credit: Tetra Tech
![Page 6: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
But Problems Persist
6
![Page 7: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
And New Problems Arose
7
![Page 8: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Characteristics of Traditional Stormwater Infrastructure
• Pavement, Gutters, Pipes, Channels, Basins, Etc.
• Focuses on rapid removal of water
• Typically hidden or placed to avoid other infrastructure
• Out of sight/out of mind
• Limited funding
• Challenge: Doing more (function) with less ($)
8
![Page 9: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Green Infrastructure
• "...the range of measures that use plant or soil systems, permeable pavement or other permeable surfaces or substrates, stormwater harvest and reuse, or landscaping to store, infiltrate, or evapotranspirate stormwater and reduce flows to sewer systems or to surface waters.“
• Provides several other benefits which are often described as the triple bottom line where there is a balance of demands and services provided environmentally, socially, and economically
Source : US-EPA
![Page 10: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What if We Created Multifunctional Landscapes?
10
![Page 11: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bringing Stormwater into Public Space: Commercial
11
![Page 12: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Bringing Stormwater into Public Space
12
![Page 13: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Bringing Stormwater into Public Space
13
![Page 14: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bringing Stormwater into Public Space: Parks
Source: Beltline, Plancharlotte.org 14
![Page 15: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What about Streets and Roads?
49%
29%
17%
5%
Land Area by Use in New York City
Building &Parking Lots
Streets
Parks &Open Space
Vacant Land
16%
17%
58%
6% 3%
Land Area by Use for a Residential Development
in Olympia, WA
Roof
Street
Lawn
Parking/DrivewaysSidewalk
All Transportation Surface = 26%(Impervious Surface Reduction Study. Olympia, WA, 1995)(PlaNYC Sustainable Stormwater Management Plan, 2008)
![Page 16: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Green Infrastructure Toolbox
• Reduce Imperviousness
• Impervious Disconnection
• Rainwater Harvesting
• Green Roofs
• Bioretention
• Permeable Pavement
• Trees
Image Credit: Montgomery County, Maryland
![Page 17: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Impervious Reduction
Image Credit: Tetra Tech, Dr. Bill Hunt
• Roadway width
• Sidewalks
• Driveways
![Page 18: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Impervious Reduction
Image Credit: Tetra Tech, Dr. Bill Hunt
![Page 19: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Downspout Disconnection
Image: New Columbia Neighborhood, Portland, OR. Credit: EPA
![Page 20: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Impervious Disconnection
Image: Tetra Tech, Dr. Bill Hunt, NCSU
![Page 21: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Incorporate a growing media on a, typically flat, rooftop.
• Retains and filters precipitation
• Can enhance insulation function of roof surface and extend roof life
• Must consider additional weight of growing media and vegetation
Green Roofs
Image: Tetra Tech, Charlotte Stormwater Services
![Page 22: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Rainwater Harvesting
Image: Tetra Tech
![Page 23: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• A term that means holding back the stormwater for a short time and allowing it to have contact with plants, and soak, or “infiltrate,” into the ground.
• The process of bioretention can take several forms including rain gardens, curb bulb-outs, and planter boxes, and be incorporated in streets in a variety of ways.
Bioretention
Image: New Columbia Neighborhood, Portland, OR. Credit: EPA
![Page 24: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Bioretention Basin/Rain Garden
Image Credit: Douglas County, Nebraska – Environmental Services
![Page 25: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Bioretention Basin/Rain Garden
Image: Portland, OR. Credit: Kevin Robert Perry
![Page 26: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Bioswales
Image Credit: Clean Water Services
• Linear landscape features that collect stormwater and allow the water to infiltrate
• Plants cleanse stormwater through biofiltration
• Work best along streets or parking lots.
![Page 27: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Image: High Point Neighborhood, Seattle, WA. Credit: EPA; Toledo, OH Credit: Tetra Tech
Bioswales
![Page 28: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Permeable Pavements
Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers (PICP)
Concrete Grid Pavers (CGP)
Pervious Concrete
Porous Asphalt
Plastic Reinforcing Grids (PG)
![Page 29: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Permeable Paving
Image Credit: City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services
![Page 30: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Importance of Urban Trees
• 1 mature tree can capture 50-100 gal during large storm
• Strategically placed can sage up to 56% on cooling costs
• Annually 100 trees….
▪ Remove 53 tons of CO2
• 430 lbs of other air pollutants
Credit US-EPA 30
Function % of Precipitation
Interception 20
Transpiration 10
![Page 31: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Urban Tree Functional Concepts
• Benefit increases exponentially with tree size
• Conifers > deciduous
• Wider canopy shape is better
• Impact is more significant when canopy covers impervious rather than pervious
Credit US-EPA 31
![Page 32: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Green Streets
32
![Page 33: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Other Benefits of Green Infrastructure
• Desk workers who can see nature from their desks experience approx. ____% less time off sick.
▪ 5%
▪ 15%
▪ 25%
![Page 34: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Other Benefits
• Study of green space amenity values related to customers’ price valuation, participants priced goods ____% higher in landscaped districts.
▪ 3%
▪ 9%
▪ 12%
![Page 35: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Green and Complete Streets: Benefits
• Reduce Stormwater Flow
• Improve Water Quality
• Enhance Pedestrian Safety and Comfort
• Reduce Urban Heat Island Effect
• Reduce Carbon Footprint
• Beautify Neighborhoods
• Catalyst for Redevelopment
Image Credit: Montgomery County, Maryland
![Page 36: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Improve Water Quality
• Reduce impervious surfaces
• Retain trees
• Remove pollutants
▪ Settling
▪ Filtration
▪ Infiltration
▪ Plant uptake and evapotranspiration
Image Credit: Washington DC Department of Transportation
![Page 37: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Reduce Stormwater Flow
• Peak flow rates
• Flow volumes
• Duration of erosive flows
▪ Reduce impervious surfaces
▪ Retain trees/plant new trees
▪ Promote infiltration
▪ Peak flow attenuation
Image Credit: Philadelphia Water Department
![Page 38: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Enhance Pedestrian Safety and Comfort
• Complete street design
▪ Calm traffic
▪ Improve comfort and safety for pedestrians and cyclists
Image : Hoboken, NJ. Credit: EPA
![Page 39: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Reduce Urban Heat Island Effect
• Decrease hard surface areas that absorb and radiate heat with vegetative cover
▪ Lessen the amount of radiation absorbed by the surface
▪ Decrease ambient air temperature
▪ Lower energy demands needed to cool urban areas
Image : Seattle, WA. Credit: EPA
![Page 40: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Reduce Carbon Footprint
• Encourage a shift in the way people choose to commute through:
▪ Safer pedestrian environments
▪ Bike facilities
▪ Beautified streetscape
Image : Indianapolis Cultural Trail. Credit: EPA
![Page 41: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Beautify Neighborhoods
• Increase amount and variety of vegetation
• Introduce alternative materials and orientation for roads and sidewalks
• Improve pedestrian experience
• Enhance the character of the community
Image : Portland, OR. Credit: Kevin Robert Perry
![Page 42: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Catalyst for Redevelopment
• Opportunity to create a green infrastructure network that can serve as enjoyable open space in a neighborhood
• Create a unique sense-of-place
• Being “green” can be a positive selling point
Image : NOMA Neighborhood, Washington, DC. Credit: EPA
![Page 43: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Other Benefits of Green Infrastructure
• Desk workers who can see nature from their desks experience approx. ____% less time off sick.
▪ 5%
▪ 15%
▪ 25%
![Page 44: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Other Benefits
• Study of green space amenity values related to customers’ price valuation, participants priced goods ____% higher in landscaped districts.
▪ 3%
▪ 9%
▪ 12%
![Page 45: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Other Benefits
• People make more walking trips when they are aware of natural features, and judge distances to be greater than they actually are in less green neighborhoods.
▪ True
▪ False
![Page 46: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Image : Navy Yards, Washington, DC. Credit: EPA
Sidewalks
![Page 47: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Existing Street Green Street
Intersections
Credit: Philadelphia Water Department
![Page 48: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Image : Navy Yards, Washington, DC. Credit: EPA
Intersections
![Page 49: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Image : Kansas City, MO. Credit: BNIM Architects
Intersections
![Page 50: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Medians
Credit: Virginia DOT
![Page 51: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Medians
Portland, OR (EPA)
Washington, DC (EPA)
Portland, OR (Kevin Robert Perry)
![Page 52: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Alleys
Before:
• Alleys flooded without connections to the city stormwater drains.
After:
• Water infiltrates through permeable pavement or infiltration basins, alleviating basement flooding of adjacent properties as well as reducing alley runoff.
Image : Chicago, IL. Credit: CDOT
![Page 53: SMITH-Regional Stormwater Partnership · 2020-06-16 · 'ulyhzd\v,pshuylrxv 5hgxfwlrq,pdjh &uhglw 7hwud 7hfk 'u %loo +xqw 'rzqvsrxw 'lvfrqqhfwlrq,pdjh 1hz &roxpeld 1hljkerukrrg 3ruwodqg](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022060423/5f19d150cb015a0e5302684d/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Thank You